Strenuous Physical Activity Research Articles

Effects of Acute Exergame on Glucose Control After Glucose Ingestion in Individuals with Pre- and Type 2 Diabetes

OBJECTIVES The purpose of present study was to analyze the acute effects of exergame on glucose control after glucose ingestion in individuals with pre- and type 2 diabetes.METHODS We enrolled 60 adults with pre-diabetes (Pre-DM, 58.1±9.2 years, n=20) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM, 61.7±9.9 years, n=40). We measured fingertip capillary blood glucose level at 10 min before, 30 min after, 60 min after and 120 min after the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). For the non-exergame control days, participants pursued normal daily activities but refrained from unusual strenuous physical activity. On the exercise days, participants conducted on exergame at 30 min after 75-g OGTT for 30 min.RESULTS Acute exergame reduced the glucose level 60 min, ∆BG30-60 and ∆BG60-120 after glucose ingestion compared to the control trials (<i>p</i><0.01, <i>p</i><0.01 and <i>p</i><0.001 respectively). The cumulative glucose total area under the curve was lower with exergame than under the control condition (<i>p</i><0.05).CONCLUSION Acute exergame after glucose ingestion can improve hyperglycemia and glycemic excursion.

Prevalence and factors associated with frailty among elderly in central Rajasthan: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundFrailty increases the risk of disability, falls, cognitive decline, hospitalisation, dependency, and mortality in older adults. The study aimed to find out the prevalence and associated factors of frailty among the elderly using Field's physical constructs of frailty. MethodsIt was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in a tertiary care hospital in central Rajasthan, from May 2022 to October 2022. Data were collected from 288 participants. Categorical data were presented as proportion, and continuous data were presented as mean (SD). The Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were used to find out the association between frailty and other variables. ResultsAbout one-third (32.3%) of participants were frail, 32.3% were pre-frail, and 35.4% were robust. In multivariate analysis, frailty was found more in the participants who were not in union than those who were in union (aOR = 3.62, p = 0.001). It was more in sedentary persons (aOR = 13.54, p < 0.01) and persons with some physical activity (aOR = 4.39, p = 0.003) than the persons with strenuous physical activity levels. The prevalence of frailty was also associated with morbidity (aOR = 5.84, p < 0.01); and with a history of falls (aOR = 2.67, p = 0.003). ConclusionNearly one third elderly population is frail and one third is prefrail. The growing older population and the corresponding increase in the prevalence of frailty would have a significant negative impact on the already overburdened health services. Community-based interventions should be developed and incorporated to avert and mitigate the effects of frailty.

Relationship Of Physical Activity With Sleep Quality In Class XI Students Of SMA Kharisma Bangsa And View Of Islam

Background: Sleep quality is a measure by which individuals find it easier to initiate sleep and maintain sleep. As many as 63% of Indonesian teenager’s sleep quality is not met. One of the factors that affect the quality of sleep is physical activity. Physical activity is defined as any activity produced by skeletal muscles and requires energy expenditure. In Indonesia, the proportion of physical activity aged &gt;10 years classified as less active in general is 26.1 percent. This study aims to determine the relationship between physical activity and the quality of class XI students at SMA Kharisma Bangsa.Methods: This type of research is analytic with a cross sectional approach and the method of determining the sample is simple random sampling. The sample in this study were students of class XI SMA Kharisma Bangsa with a total of 51 students.Results: From the results of statistical analysis, 22 (43.1%) respondents with physical activity did light physical activity with 3 (5.9%) of them having good sleep quality and 19 (37.3%) respondents having poor sleep quality; 17 (17.9%) respondents did moderate physical activity with 8(15.7%) having good sleep quality and 9 (17.6%) having poor sleep quality; 12 (23.5%) did strenuous physical activity with 9 (17.6%) of them having good sleep quality and 3 (5.9%) having poor sleep quality. The results of the Chi-Square test showed a p-value of 0.002 (&lt;0.05) which indicated a relationship between physical activity and sleep quality for students of class XI SMA Kharisma Bangsa.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between physical activity and sleep quality in class XI students of SMA Kharisma Bangsa. The advice that can be given is to maintain the quality of sleep by doing enough physical activity

Effects of modern military footwear on the oxygen costs of walking in US Army personnel

Warfighters complete strenuous physical activity on their feet throughout their military careers. While greater physiologic costs of walking have been demonstrated with older models of military combat boots versus running shoes, these quantitative differences may not be applicable for contemporary military footwear. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare physiological responses to walking when wearing modern military combat boots versus running shoes. In this randomized, counterbalanced crossover experiment, 34 active military personnel (29 men and 5 women; age, 26 ± 7 years; height, 1.74 ± 0.08 m; body mass, 77.9 ± 15.1 kg) completed an incremental walking test (4.18–7.08 km.h−1) on separate visits in running shoes (mass, 0.6 ± 0.1 kg) and military combat boots (mass, 1.2 ± 0.3 kg). Oxygen uptake (V̇O2), carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and metabolic energy expenditure (Ṁ) measurements were collected and averaged over the final minute of each walking speed. The oxygen costs of walking were 6–9% higher when wearing combat boots versus running shoes (p < 0.01 for each comparison). Other cardiorespiratory indicators of exercise intensity, specifically V̇CO2, Ṁ, HR, and RR, increased by 2.7–9.9% (p < 0.02 for each indicator). Walking in modern military combat boots incurs noticeably increased metabolic and cardiorespiratory strain as compared to walking in running shoes. These physiological consequences emphasize the trade-off between the intended versatility and protective characteristics of military footwear and the economy of traditional running shoes. This strain must be considered when selecting footwear to maximize warfighter health and performance during military exercise interventions.

ADAPTATION TO INTENSE MUSCULAR ACTIVITY AND PECULIARITIES OF AUTONOMIC REGULATION OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN ATHLETES (II MESSAGE)

Introduction. Determining the mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system as an indicator of the functional state of the body, on which the effectiveness of sports activity largely depends, remains relevant in assessing the ways of adaptation of the athlete's body to various physical activities. The purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of physical performance of qualified athletes with different types of autonomic regulation of heart rate based on the mathematical analysis of heart rate variability. Material and methods. The study involved 214 skilled athletes specialising in rowing, basketball, handball, athletics, hockey, triathlon, cross-country skiing, biathlon and other sports. Methods of analysis of heart rate variability features, methods of determining physical performance of qualified athletes and the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system to test loads (ergospirometric complex "Oxycon Pro", treadmill LE-200 C), mathematical and statistical methods. Results. When performing strenuous physical activity, the initial type of autonomic regulation largely determines the effectiveness of compensatory and adaptive reactions of the organism. Thus, the normotonic and moderately vagotonic type of regulation of the HR in a state of relative rest was inherent in highly skilled athletes with a high level of functional fitness. Normotonic and vagotonic types of HR regulation characterise the optimal functional state of a sportsman's organism, high functional capabilities of the organism, which ensure the preservation of vegetative homeostasis, the optimal level of regulation efficiency and the level of functioning economy, and stable regulation. The sympathicotonic type of HR regulation is also inherent in satisfactory adaptation to strenuous physical activity and sufficient functional capabilities of the sportsman's organism. However, there are already signs of dysregulation in the central regulatory circuit, a reduced level of efficiency of HR regulation, an increased level of tension in the regulatory mechanisms of adaptation. Against this background of such regulation of HR, a deterioration of the functional state of a sportsman can be noted, objective signs of fatigue appear. Prognostically unfavourable for athletes in a state of relative rest is a pronounced vagotonic type of SR regulation, as well as a sharply expressed sympathicotonic type of SR regulation - characterising reduced functional capabilities of the organism, unsatisfactory adaptation to strenuous physical activity. Conclusions. The vagotonic, normotonic and sympathicotonic types of HR regulation in a state of relative rest allow us to speak about the satisfactory adaptation of the human body to the influence of various environmental factors. The unsatisfactory adaptation of the human body to environmental factors is characterised by a pronounced vagotonic and pronounced sympathicotonic types of HR regulation in a state of relative rest.

Association between maximal aerobic capacity and heart rate variability

Relevance. Сardiovascular status could be assessed by maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) through direct analysis of the gases involved in pulmonary ventilation and monitoring fluctuations in intervals between beats over time as heart rate variability. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between VO2max and heart rate variability in young adults. Materials and Methods. A total of 100 young adults between the ages of 18 and 25 were included in observational study, who did not engage in any strenuous physical activity, 50 of whom were male and 50 of whom were female.There were measured Heart rate variability in the frequency domain; LF, HF, LF/HF, and time domain; SDNN, RMSSD, pNN 50, and VO2max were assessed using a treadmill test according to Graded Exercise Protocol. Results and Discussion. There was weak positive correlation of VO2max with LF ( r = 0.177) and weak negative correlation with HF ( r = -0.141). Male participants had a weak negative relationship between VO2 max and LF ( r = -0.075), whereas female respondents had a weak positive relationship(r = 0.286). There was weak negative correlation of VO2max with LF/HF ratio for male subjects but weak positive correlation ( r = -0.101) for female subjects. For male and female participants, there was a weak negative association of VO2max with SDNN ( r = -0.170) and ( r = -0.301), respectively. Male and female participants had a weak negative association of VO2max with RMSSD, with ( r = -0.154) and ( r = -0.284) respectively. Male and female participants had a slight negative association of VO2max with pNN 50, with ( r = -0.062) and ( r = -0.441) respectively. Conclusion. Significant variations were found in the time domain and frequency domain indices including HF and LF/HF ratio which represents the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic responses.

Three months outcome of a sample of stroke patients in Erbil city

Background and objective: Stroke is still one of the major causes of death, and the incidence and mortalities are increasing. The objective of the study is to measure the three months outcome of stroke patients discharged alive from the hospital. Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out in Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil, Iraq during the period from 1st of April, 2018 to the 30th September, 2018 involving 100 patients with ischemic stroke. Results: The mean age (± SD) of patients was 64.15 ± 13.35 years, the age ranging from 26-89 years, and the median was 65 years. More than half (54%) of patients were males. Twenty (20%) patients died within three months after the development of stroke, 4% developed ischemic stroke after three months. Significantly higher rates of death were detected among those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (P &lt;0.001) and those with dysphagia (P = 0.002). No significant association was detected between the case fatality rate with age, gender, body mass index, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, ischemic heart disease, angina, congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, heart valve dysfunction, strenuous physical activity, treatment for diabetes, treatment for high cholesterol, and HbA1c levels. Conclusion: The case fatality rate was relatively high three months after the development of stroke. It is recommended to strengthen the follow up measures after patients’ discharge from the hospital.

Electrocardiographic Changes in Young Healthy Male Smokers

Background: Smoking increases the risk of CVD, however, the magnitude of this increase in risk varies substantively according to a range of factors. Smoking-related CVD risks are highest in current and recent smokers, compared to never smokers and those who have quit in the more distant past. Risk also increases with increasing duration of use and with greater intensity of smoking, as measured by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Methods: In the present study, a total of 60 male smokers having a history of smoking of more than 2 years and smoking at least 3 cigarettes per day were included in the study, provided they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. 60 healthy male patients were included as controls/non-smokers. Demographic details were noted. Past, present and other relevant histories were recorded. Physical examination was done. Standard 12 lead ECG was done in the resting state after 2 hours of abstinence from strenuous physical activity, smoking and/or any caffeinated beverages. Results: In the present study, it was observed that the mean age of the non-smokers was lower (27.85 ± 5.11 years) than that of smokers (30.22 ± 5.26 years); P value: 0.014. Only males were included in the present study. The BMI and heart rate were similar in the smokers and non-smokers; P value: more than 0.05. The majority of the cases had normal axis on ECG in both the groups (86.66% in non-smokers and 70% in smokers). Left axis deviation was more common than the right axis deviation in both the groups. The difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant; P value: 0.063. The width and height of the P wave were similar in both the groups; P value: more than 0.05. The R wave was significantly bigger in the smokers (12.53 ± 4.63 mm) than in the non- smokers (10.05 ± 2.93 mm); P value: 0.001. The duration of PR interval was significantly more in the smokers (140.10 ± 18.37 ms) as compared to non-smokers (129.45 ± 19.90 ms); P value: 0.003. T wave inversion was present in 10% cases of smokers while no case in the non-smoker group had T wave inversion; P value: 0.027. The ST segment was normal in most of the cases (98.33% in the non-smokers and 96.66% in the smokers’ groups); P value: more than 0.05. All the cases in both the groups had normal sinus rhythm with normal PR interval, no tall T wave, no wide QRS interval or shortened QT interval. Conclusion: The study concluded that the smokers have a mean age of 30.22 ± 5.26 years. The heart rate is similar to non-smokers. In general, normal axis on ECG is more common. Left axis deviation is more prevalent than right axis deviation. Smokers have bigger R waves, increased PR duration and inverted T waves. This may be because smoking generally causes a transient increase in heart rate and ECG changes, especially those pertaining to ST-T segment.

Bio substrate microelement concentrations in young men — residents of the Far North — under increased physical exercises

BACKGROUND: High-level athletic competitions necessitate more strenuous physical activity and this upsets the bodys chemistry balance. Numerous mechanisms are in place during sports to adapt to regular physical activity, but as a result, the body is progressively stressed out as it experiences a high loss in the bio-elements associated with intense exercise.&#x0D; AIM: to thoroughly analyze the chemical profiles of athletes residing in the city of Magadan, who have achieved great sporting success, and to identify the unique features of microelement concentrations in subjective samples (hair, whole blood).&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted to analyze elemental pictures of high-level athletes in the city of Magadan who were between the ages of 19 and 25 (n=29). Age-matched men who showed usual levels of physical activity comprise the control group (n=22). Different biological substrates (hair and whole blood, among others) were examined to determine the most informative substrate for the identification of the most common types of chronic elemental imbalance. This was considered particularly important for further prevention of typical region-related disorders in the body chemistry by increasing functional reserves. Eighteen macro- and microelements were examined via atomic emission and mass spectrometric methods with inductively coupled argon plasma.&#x0D; RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The athletes examined in the present study exhibited higher levels of Ca, Co, Fe, Se, and Zn in their hair samples and showed higher median concentrations of blood Na and P, and an excess levels of blood Mn, when compared with the subjects who had moderate levels of physical activity and whose blood examination showed higher values of K, Mg, Co, Fe, Se, the deficiency of Co, Cu, Zn, and Fe, and excess of Mg and Se.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: However, data obtained in the present study did not enable us to explicitly draw inferences regarding sports-induced changes in the body microelement profile. In some cases, the elemental profile of athletes is similar to that of residents of Magadan and they show a typical northern type of deficiency in essential elements expressed in the hair. Notably, the frequency of hair deficits is frequently higher in young men who experience no increased exercise levels. Excessive toxic elements or heavy metals were not identified biological substrates examined in the present study. It was our understanding that long-term assessment of the athletes elemental imbalance which is formed under intense physical activity can be performed through spectral hair analysis. This is attributable to the fact that it is an accumulative bio substrate that shows no day-to-day fluctuations under changeable functional or psychoemotional states, as well as nutrition preferences.

Gender discrepancies in predictors for newly onset cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome in elderly patients from rural China.

The study aimed to estimate the possible predictors of cardiovascular events (CVEs) in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) from rural China. Moreover, we also attempted to find the potential risk factors for newly diagnosed MetS. The Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study (NCRCHS) is a community-based prospective cohort study carried out in rural areas of northeast China. Approximately 1,059 elderly patients with MetS but no cardiovascular diseases and 1,565 elderly patients without MetS at baseline were enrolled in this study. They underwent a physical examination, completed a questionnaire in 2012-2013, and were followed up during 2015-2017. Cox proportional hazard analysis was conducted to assess the possible predictors of newly developed CVEs, and multivariate analysis was used to estimate the risk factors of newly diagnosed MetS. The common predictors of newly developed CVEs in both men and women were family history of stroke (HR [hazard ratios] female: 1.696; HR male: 2.504) and soybean consumption (HR female: 0.253; HR male: 0.130). Moreover, minority race (HR: 0.109), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (HR: 1.021), current drinking habits (HR: 2.551), family history of hypertension (HR: 2.297), LDL-C (HR: 1.669), 5,000-20,000 CNY/year annual income (HR: 0.290), and strenuous physical activity (HR: 0.397) were predictors of CVEs only in male elderly patients. For newly diagnosed MetS, body mass index (OR female: 1.212; OR male: 1.207) and fasting blood glucose (OR female: 1.305; OR male: 1.217) were common risk factors in both genders, whereas age (OR:0.958) was a protective factor in men and > 9-h/day sleep duration (OR:0.212) was a protective factor in women. In addition, SBP (OR:1.014) ≥4 times/day, bean consumption (OR:1.955), and uric acid (OR:1.005) increased the risk of MetS in men but not in women. Our study identified many effective predictors of CVEs in rural elderly patients with MetS and confirmed the presence of a gender-based discrepancy. Moreover, we also identified additional risk factors, along with the traditional ones, for newly diagnosed MetS in rural elderly patients.

Parent and child perceptions of physical activity with type 1 diabetes

IntroductionType 1 diabetes (T1D) is a lifelong illness that affects over 2500 children in Ireland. Management involves complex daily regimens including frequent blood glucose monitoring, pharmacotherapy, dietary management, and physical...

LBSAT230 Daily Variation In Serum Calcifediol In Japanese And Non-japanese Adults

Abstract Circadian rhythm and 24-hour intra-subject variation in serum calcifediol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3) in the absence of vitamin D supplementation or treatment are poorly studied in healthy adults of any race. To address this dearth of information, a single-center, open-label study was completed in the US to evaluate both of these parameters in 67 male and female (balanced for gender) first generation Japanese (n=35) and non-Japanese (n=32) subjects, aged between 18 and 55 years. "First generation" was defined as: born in Japan; had 2 Japanese biological parents and 4 Japanese biological grandparents; had lived outside of Japan for less than 5 years; and, had made no significant changes in lifestyle, including diet, since leaving Japan. "Non-Japanese" was defined as: not of Japanese or Asian descent; and, parents and grandparents were not born in Japan or in any Asian countries. Enrolled subjects had a body mass index within 18. 0 to 30. 0 kg/m2 (inclusive) and body weight not less than 50 kg. The body weight for non-Japanese subjects was 9% to 17% higher than that of Japanese subjects (60.3 to 92.9 kg versus 51.2 to 84.9 kg). Exclusion criteria included consumption of a vitamin D supplement within the previous 28 days, consumption of grapefruit or oranges, alcohol, medications or tobacco within the previous 72 hours, and participation in strenuous physical activity within the previous 72 hours. Subjects were housed in a Phase 1 unit for 2 days where they received only standardized diets. Blood samples were collected on the second day at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16 and 24 hours for determination of serum calcifediol by LC/MS/MS (mean accuracy: 0.37%; mean precision: 3. 07%) at Syneos Laboratories (Quebec, Canada). For all subjects, mean serum calcifediol levels ranged from 20.90 to 22.24 ng/mL over the 24-hour collection period with an average inter-subject variation (SD) of 6.79 ng/mL. A circadian rhythm was not evident either in the total population or in the racial subgroups. Mean intra-subject variation over 24 hours was 1. 08 ng/mL (SD; range: 0.27-3.22) or 5. 05% (CV; range: 2.36-14.81). Differences in 24-hour intra-subject variation between races were not significant (P&amp;gt;0. 05). These data support the conclusions that: (1) clinically meaningful circadian rhythms in serum calcifediol are absent in healthy first generation Japanese and non-Japanese adults living in the US; (2) the mean diurnal variation in serum calcifediol is small (approximately 5%); and (3) vitamin D therapies may appropriately be considered "physiological" if they raise serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D after each dose only within the bounds of normal diurnal variation thereby allowing gradual adaptation to repletion. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.

Tatalaksana Komprehensif Gangguan Ginjal pada Pekerja Industri Gula

Sugarcane workers have a higher risk of being exposed to pesticides where pesticides have high toxicity. One of the most common diseases is kidney disorders, including acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease of unknown disease or known as mesoamerican nephropathy. This study is a literature review to determine the comprehensive management of kidney disorders in sugar industry workers. A comprehensive review was conducted by searching for national and international journals in the last 6 years which were identified according to the topic. Kidney disease in sugarcane workers can take the form of acute kidney injury in the acute phase and become chronic if the risk factors cannot be overcome. Risk factors for kidney disease in sugarcane workers are dehydration, pesticides, heat stress, strenuous physical activity, exposure to sugarcane burning smoke. Preventive steps that can be taken include providing good fluid intake, providing good rest areas, setting working hours, modifying special backpacks for water bottles, procuring appropriate personal protective equipment and using bagasse to reduce cadmium ions in pesticides. If kidney disease has occurred, monitoring and treatment is carried out according to the level of the disease so that it does not get worse. Sugar industry workers have various risks for the occurrence of kidney disease. Management that includes promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative can be done to provide comprehensive services for kidney disorders in sugarcane workers.

Successful Aging among Immigrant and Canadian-Born Older Adults: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA).

Background: Few studies in Canada have focused on the relationship between immigrant status and successful aging. The concept of successful aging used in this study includes the ability to accomplish both activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), freedom from mental illness, memory problems and disabling chronic pain, adequate social support and older adults’ self-reported happiness and subjective perception of their physical health, mental health and aging process as good. Methods: The present study analyzed the first two waves of data from the comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). The sample includes 7651 respondents aged 60+ at time 2, of whom 1446 respondents were immigrants. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Canadian-born older adults had a slightly higher prevalence and age-sex adjusted odds of achieving successful aging than their immigrant counterparts (aOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.34, p < 0.001). After adjusting for 18 additional factors, immigrant status remained statistically significant (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.41, p < 0.001). Significant baseline factors associated with successful aging among immigrants included being younger, having higher income, being married, not being obese, never smoking, engaging in moderate or strenuous physical activities, not having sleeping problems and being free of heart disease or arthritis. Conclusions: Immigrant older adults had a lower prevalence of successful aging than their Canadian-born peers. Further research could investigate whether policies and interventions supporting older immigrants and promoting a healthy lifestyle enhance older adults achieve successful aging in later life.

High intensity exercise improves the metabolic syndrome in an aged murine model, but it abrogates the vascular function improvement induced by moderate exercise

Abstract Introduction Compelling evidence supports that regular moderate exercise has a positive impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and prognosis [1]. Nevertheless, emerging clinician and experimental data in healthy individuals suggests that long-term, high-intensity endurance exercise might increase vascular stiffness and enhance coronary calcification [2,3]. In patients with CV risk factors, it has been hypothesized that the beneficial effects of strenuous exercise on risk factors could outweigh its deleterious effects, but this remains unproven [4]. Purpose To analyze how increasing doses of exercise impinge on the vascular system in a murine model of aged rats with metabolic syndrome and kidney disease. Methods Seven-week-old male Zucker obese rats, a metabolic syndrome model, were subjected to left nephrectomy. At 26 weeks of age, rats were assigned to a sedentary (SED), moderate intensity (MOD, 15 cm/s, 40 min/day), or high intensity (INT, 25 cm/s, 60 min/day) group, and trained 5 days/week for 10 weeks. An echocardiogram and a glucose tolerance test were performed 24 hours after the last training bout. At sacrifice, vascular reactivity was assayed in the descending thoracic aorta, and EC50 calculated for every experiment. Expression of oxidant and antioxidant mRNA markers was analyzed in thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT). Cytokines levels (TNFα, IL10, IL6, Selectin, ICAM1 and Adiponectin) were analyzed in plasma samples. Results Rats in the INT group had a significantly lower body weight (10.99±0.35 g/mm vs 12.23±0.58 g/mm) and a higher heart weight (32.44±0.72 mg/mm vs 31.28±0.78 mg/mm), indexed by tibia length, than the SED group. Both MOD and INT exercise improved glucose tolerance compared with SED (Fig 1a). On echocardiography, INT rats presented with LV septum hypertrophy and dilation, mildly reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared with SED. Aortic diameter was also increased in the INT group (3.62±0.11 mm vs 3.25±0.13 mm). In vascular reactivity assays, the MOD group showed improved endothelial function, indicated by a larger carbachol-induced relaxation than SED and INT (Fig. 1b). However, MOD and INT were no longer different after adding the antioxidant Tempol (Fig1c). No differences were found in tunica media fibrosis amongst the groups (19.12±0.45%; 26.97±2.52%; 25.98±2.14%). In tPVAT, the mRNA expression of prooxidants (NOX2, p47) was higher, and antioxidant markers (SOD2, GCH1) was lower in the INT group than MOD and SED (Fig. 2). TNFα levels were higher in plasma of INT rats than SED. Conclusion In a rodent model, both intense and moderate exercise improved the CV risk profile, but only moderate training improved vascular function. Oxidative stress may, at least partially, account for the lack of benefits of intensive exercise. Our results suggest that the deleterious effects of strenuous physical activity could persist even in individuals with CV risk factor. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Fondo de Investigaciόn Sanitaria (FIS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Health sciences students’ career commitment, mental health, and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic

Objective: To understand the biopsychosocial dimensions of university health sciences students’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: Health sciences students (n = 297) from two universities in July and August 2020. Methods: Participants completed a Web-based survey asking about depression, anxiety, physical activity, coronavirus threat, and career commitment. Results: Moderate or severe depression and anxiety were reported by 28.6% and 31.3% of respondents, respectively. Depression and anxiety were positively correlated with perceived coronavirus threat and negatively correlated with career commitment and strenuous physical activity. A change in career commitment interests during the COVID-19 pandemic was reported by 11% of respondents. Conclusions: Identified factors that could be targeted by universities to support their students and secure career commitment include online learning challenges, ability to secure clinical placements, mental health (anxiety and depression), financial challenges, family pressure, and promotion of physical activity.

A case of incarcerated umbilical hernia in a 9-year-old child and review article on pediatric umbilical hernia

Umbilical hernia in children is a relatively common condition with a higher prevalence in premature, low-birth weight and black children. By contrast, complicated umbilical hernia rarely occurs. Early recognition of this condition is essential in order to prevent potential ischemic consequences. Most authors recommend a conservative stance of watchful waiting for the uncomplicated pediatric umbilical hernias up to the age of 4 years, with an emergent surgical correction in complicated cases. We report an uncommon case of a 9-year-old male who presented with sharp abdominal pain, irreducible umbilical mass, and vomiting following strenuous physical activity. Additionally, we provide insight on the current knowledge of pediatric umbilical hernia with a particular focus on its complications.

Prevalence of Double Burden of Malnutrition and Associated Factors of Weight Gain among Schoolchildren in Taza, Eastern Morocco

Background: Obesity and overweight are characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat present in the body. Worldwide more than 340 million children between the ages of five and nineteen were overweight or obese in 2016. Very few studies have focused on the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition, namely obesity, and underweight, in the Moroccan context. Methods: The research was a cross-sectional study based on a selfadministered questionnaire which distributed to 462 adolescents in the presence of a dietician who was also responsible for anthropometric measurements and clinical examination. Results: The prevalence of underweight was 11.4%, overweight was estimated at 7.3%, and obesity at 1.7%. The Odds ratio analysis revealed that the number of people sharing the same household has a strong influence on weight gain, as adolescents who share their home with only 2 people are 61 times more likely to gain weight than adolescents who live with 3 or more people in the same household (OR 61.11 CI 18.96;196.97). Type of residence was also found to be a risk factor for weight gain; adolescents living in urban areas were 6 times more likely to gain weight than those living in rural areas (OR= 6.11 CI: 1.39; 26.82). Adolescents who do not consume fast food are less likely to gain weight (Odds Ration less than 1 (OR=0.014 CI: 0.003;0.063). Regular strenuous physical activity was also a protective factor against weight gain (OR=0.278 CI: 0.080;0.969). Conclusion: The double burden of malnutrition characterized by the coexistence of obesity and underweight is a reality in Taza. It is therefore urgent to take community action, such as promoting healthy food choices by taxing unhealthy foods, implementing obligatory standards for meals in canteens and school catering, increasing daily physical activity in schools, as well as fighting against obesogenic environments. Early intervention is necessary because moderate overweight in childhood is associated with a significant increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in later adulthood.

Периоперационный инфаркт миокарда при хирургическом лечении повреждения позвоночника

INTRODUCTION: In the literature, there are reported cases of myocardial infarction in young patients after strenuous physical activity, as well as without any evident connection with physical load. The most common causes of the acute coronary syndrome in young individuals are anomalies in the development of coronary arteries. The article is devoted to the description of a clinical case of acute myocardial infarction in the anterior septal region of the left ventricle in the perioperative period after surgery of spinal injury in a patient without severe somatic pathology. During the surgery, unstable hemodynamics was noted with the development of arterial hypotension, which required infusion of norepinephrine. On the basis of clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations, in the postoperative period the diagnosis: “Q-positive myocardial infarction of the anterior septum” was made. Coronary angiography visualized the presence of an intramural passage in the middle segment of the anterior descending artery with up to 30% stenosis in systole. The resulting arterial hypotension at the operational stage, with the myocardial bridge in the anterior descending artery, was the cause of circulatory disorders in the anterior septal region with the development of myocardial infarction and a decrease in the pumping function of the heart with subsequent hemodynamic disorders. CONCLUSION: Myocardial muscle bridges are a common anomaly of coronary arteries, which is usually asymptomatic. Clinical manifestations, if present, are blurred and atypical. In certain conditions, the given anomaly may be the cause of development of the acute coronary syndrome, in young individuals as well, which shows reasonability of monitoring of ECG and of markers of myocardial infarction in the postoperative period.

Interleukin-6 in exhaustive exercises and its correlation to bacteremia: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Physical activity is important for the prevention of many diseases. However, strenuous physical activity makes individuals more prone to infections. This might be linked to immunosuppression and involves changing in cytokines levels especially IL-6 which act as immunomodulatory agent. The aim of this study is to test the correlation between exercise duration and the level of IL-6 in rats, detect the prevalence of bacteremia in different study groups and find a relation between IL-6 levels, intensity of physical exercises and the susceptibility to infection. Sixteen experimental rats were divided into four groups and have been swimming for different periods of time over three consecutive weeks. Blood samples were obtained at the end of each week before and after the last session of exercise. Blood cultures were done and ELISA for measuring plasma levels of IL-6. IL-6 levels decreased after exercise and this was more significant as the exercise duration increased (R = −0.19, P = 0.05). The more the exercise duration is, the more the susceptibility to infection (R = 0.47, P = 0.01). IL-6 levels in the blood are inversely proportional to the exercise duration which might explain the functional immuno-depression and thus, the increasing susceptibility to infections.