ADAPTATION TO INTENSE MUSCULAR ACTIVITY AND PECULIARITIES OF AUTONOMIC REGULATION OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN ATHLETES (II MESSAGE)

Abstract

Introduction. Determining the mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system as an indicator of the functional state of the body, on which the effectiveness of sports activity largely depends, remains relevant in assessing the ways of adaptation of the athlete's body to various physical activities. The purpose of the study is to investigate the peculiarities of physical performance of qualified athletes with different types of autonomic regulation of heart rate based on the mathematical analysis of heart rate variability. Material and methods. The study involved 214 skilled athletes specialising in rowing, basketball, handball, athletics, hockey, triathlon, cross-country skiing, biathlon and other sports. Methods of analysis of heart rate variability features, methods of determining physical performance of qualified athletes and the reaction of the cardiorespiratory system to test loads (ergospirometric complex "Oxycon Pro", treadmill LE-200 C), mathematical and statistical methods. Results. When performing strenuous physical activity, the initial type of autonomic regulation largely determines the effectiveness of compensatory and adaptive reactions of the organism. Thus, the normotonic and moderately vagotonic type of regulation of the HR in a state of relative rest was inherent in highly skilled athletes with a high level of functional fitness. Normotonic and vagotonic types of HR regulation characterise the optimal functional state of a sportsman's organism, high functional capabilities of the organism, which ensure the preservation of vegetative homeostasis, the optimal level of regulation efficiency and the level of functioning economy, and stable regulation. The sympathicotonic type of HR regulation is also inherent in satisfactory adaptation to strenuous physical activity and sufficient functional capabilities of the sportsman's organism. However, there are already signs of dysregulation in the central regulatory circuit, a reduced level of efficiency of HR regulation, an increased level of tension in the regulatory mechanisms of adaptation. Against this background of such regulation of HR, a deterioration of the functional state of a sportsman can be noted, objective signs of fatigue appear. Prognostically unfavourable for athletes in a state of relative rest is a pronounced vagotonic type of SR regulation, as well as a sharply expressed sympathicotonic type of SR regulation - characterising reduced functional capabilities of the organism, unsatisfactory adaptation to strenuous physical activity. Conclusions. The vagotonic, normotonic and sympathicotonic types of HR regulation in a state of relative rest allow us to speak about the satisfactory adaptation of the human body to the influence of various environmental factors. The unsatisfactory adaptation of the human body to environmental factors is characterised by a pronounced vagotonic and pronounced sympathicotonic types of HR regulation in a state of relative rest.