Arm Muscle Strength Research Articles

The effect of arm muscle strength, waist flexibility, eye coordination and bat swing speed on power hitting pull shot female cricket athletes in DKI Jakarta

This study aims to determine the effect of arm muscle strength (X1), waist flexibility (X2), eye-hand-foot coordination (X3) and bat swing speed (X4) on the power hitting pull shot (Y) of female cricket athletes in DKI Jakarta. The research method is a survey using path analysis techniques, distributing a sample of 26 DKI Jakarta female cricket athletes. Hypothesis testing using path analysis techniques, the data obtained were analyzed by SPSS.25. This study resulted in a description of the data: a) the direct effect of X1 on Y or (r1y) = 0.330 (0.3302 x 100%); b) direct effect of X2 on Y or (r2y)= 0.306 (0.3062 x 100%); c) The direct effect of X3 on or (r3y)= 0.311% (0.3112 x 100%); d) direct effect of X4 on Y or (r4y)= 0.373 (0.3732 x 100%); e) direct effect of X1 on X4 (X1-X4) or (r14)= 0.716 (0.7162 x 100%); f) direct effect of X2 on X4 (X2-X4) or (r24) = 0.339 (0.3392 x 100%); g) direct effect of X3 on X4 (X3-X4) or (r34)= -0.094 (-0.0942 x 100%); h) indirect effect of X1 on Y through X4 (X1-X4-Y) or (r14y)= 0.716 x 0.373 = 0.267 (0.2672 x 100%); i) indirect effect of X2 on Y through X4 (X2-X4-Y) or (r24y)= 0.339 x 0.373 = 0.126 (0.1262 x 100%); j) the indirect effect of variable X3 on Y through X4 (X3-X4-Y) or (r34y) = 0.094 x 0.373 = 0.035 (0.035 x 100%). It was concluded that there was an influence of arm muscle strength, waist flexibility, eye-hand-foot coordination and bat swing speed, all of which affected the hitting pull shot power. There is an effect of arm muscle strength and waist flexibility on the swing speed of the bat. There is no effect of eye-hand-foot coordination on the swing speed of the bat. There is an indirect effect of arm muscle strength, waist flexibility and eye-hand-foot coordination on the power hitting pull shot through the speed of the bat swing. There is an indirect effect of waist flexibility and eye-hand-foot coordination on the power hitting pull shot through the swing speed of the bat.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STRENGTH OF ARM AND HAND MUSCLES TO PASSING RESULTS FOR AEK MEN'S volley ball NEW NABARA VC YEAR 2020

The research objective in this thesis is to determine how much the relationship between arm muscle strength and hand muscle strength on the passing results of men's volleyball volleyball Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020. The location of this research was conducted at Aek Nabara Barumun VC Volleyball Club. Data collection was started from 18 December - 27 December 2020. The sample of this study was male athletes who had been selected from the population with purposive sampling, totaling 10 people. The method used in this research is descriptive method with tests and measurements. The research instruments used were arm muscle strength using push-ups, hand muscle strength using a hand grip, and passing tests to the wall. 
 The results of the study can be concluded that: (1) There is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and volleyball passing results in male athlete Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020 (tcount> ttable = 5.398> 2.262). (2) there is a significant relationship between hand muscle strength and volleyball passing results in male athlete Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020 (tcount> ttable = 6,782> 2,262). (3) there is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and muscle strength hand on the results of the results of passing over volleyball in the male athlete Aek Nabara Barumun VC in 2020 (Fcount> Ftable = 32 <4.46).

Effect of Accuracy and Muscle Strength Training on the Result of Shooting Throws in Petanque

This study aims to determine: The effect of which exercise is better, between precision training and arm strength training on the results of shooting shots at petanque athletes. This research is an experimental research in the form of one-group pretest-postest design design. The population and sample in this study were South Sulawesi athlete athletes with a total of 16 athletes, the technique of determining samples using saturated samples. The data analysis technique used was descriptive statistics. The results showed that: (1) the strength treatment group trained by push up exercises significantly influenced the shooting results of South Sulawesi petanque athletes, the effect seen from the increase in results from the initial test to the final test was 19,147. (2) the treatment group trained by throwing bosi on the tires and throwing bosi with beam barriers had a significant effect on the shooting results of South Sulawesi petanque athletes, so that the effect of improvement was seen from the results of the initial test to the final test of 6.206. The conclusion of the study is that arm muscle strength training has a more significant effect on shooting throw compared to accuracy training, it can be seen from the magnitude of the increase in value obtained from the arm muscle strength experimental group. Keywords: Training, Accuracy, strength, shooting and petanque

Hubungan Kekuatan Otot Lengan terhadap Hasil Tolak Peluru Gaya Ortodoks Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 3 Bengkulu Tengah

This study aims to determine the relationship between arm muscle strength and the results of the orthodox bullet repulsion of Grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Bengkulu Tengah. This type of research is descriptive with correlational analysis by looking for relationships between variables and data collection techniques using tests and measurements. The results of this study. Based on data analysis obtained p-value (Sig) = 0.000 <α = 0.05. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that there is a significant (significant) relationship between arm muscle strength and orthodox-style bullet repulsion for grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 3 Bengkulu Tengah.

Traditional Lègong Dance Training Is Superior to Moderate Aerobic Training on Physical Fitness Improvement Among Young Girls.

Légong dance is a famous Balinese dance with a dynamic movement. It potentially becomes an exercise of choice to improve young girls' physical fitness. This study aimed to evaluate légong dance training's effect on physical fitness compared with aerobic training. Forty young girls were randomly assigned to the aerobic training (AG) and lègong dance (DG) group and trained with jogging and lègong dancing at moderate-intensity aerobic training. Each was carried out for 30minutes, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. Aerobic capacity (estimated maximal oxygen consumption) improved significantly in AG and DG, with a mean difference and Cohen d effect size of 0.36mL/kg/min and 0.68. The back- and leg-muscle strength increased significantly in DG and AG, with a mean difference of 5.55kg and 6.67kg, and an effect size of 0.69 and 0.77. Balance improved significantly in DG and AG, with a mean difference of 21.26 seconds and an effect size of 1.05. All significant values are reported at P < .05. There were no significant improvements in arm muscle strength, body fat percentage, and flexibility in either group (P > .05). Lègong dance training results in significant physical fitness improvement and better results than aerobic training.

Secular trends in muscular fitness from 1983 to 2014 among Slovenian children and adolescents.

Low physical fitness has been found to be associated with many chronic diseases and medical conditions. Knowledge of secular trends in physical fitness is important to initiate countermeasures for addressing negative trends. The aim of this study was to analyze secular trends in health‐related muscular fitness in Slovenian children and adolescents between 1983 and 2014. Data were collected as part of “The Analysis of Children's Development in Slovenia (ACDSi)” study in 1983, 1993/94, 2003/04, and 2013/14. Anthropometry (body weight, height, BMI, and triceps skinfold) and muscular fitness (standing long jump, bent‐arm hang, and sit‐ups 60 s test) of 18730 (9168 female) students from primary and secondary schools were recorded. The secular trend was analyzed considering anthropometry. The results showed that anthropometric measures had an increasing trend and overall muscular fitness had a decreasing trend. Leg muscle power decreased over the decades in all age groups (relative difference between −1.5% and −2.6%), being more pronounced in boys. Arm muscle strength decreased in two younger age groups (range −21.1% to −42.7%, 6–10, and 11–14 years), but not in the oldest group (15–19 years), where the increase occurred in both genders (0.4% to 9.3%). In terms of decades, the largest negative changes (−30.1%) occurred from 1993/94 to 2003/04 and the smallest changes (−4.2%) from 2003/04 to 2013/14. The overall trend in repetitive core strength surprisingly increased (1.1% to 18.3%). There is a need to promote healthy lifestyles, raise parental awareness and use all government resources to redirect the negative trend in physical fitness.

Relationship of Arm Strength to Table Tennis Forehand Drive Skills at The PTMSI Club Bengkulu City

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between arm muscle strength and forehand drive skills in table tennis. This study uses a correlational research method. Subjects or samples in this study were PTMSI athletes in Bengkulu, totaling 20 people.The instruments used in this study were a questionnaire, a questionnaire, as well as an arm muscle strength test instrument and a forehand drive skill test instrument used to collect data. The stages in this study are: (1) Conducting observations, (2) distributing questionnaires and questionnaires, and (3) testing instruments for arm muscle strength and forehand drive skills. As for the value obtained r count 0.65&gt; r table 0.468.Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and forehand drive skills in table tennis.

The relationship between arm muscle strength, leg muscle strength, arm power and leg power on the 25 meter crawl style swimming achievement

This study aims to determine the relationship between arm muscle strength, leg muscle strength, arm power and leg power on the 25 meter crawl style swimming achievement. This research is a correlational research. The subjects of this study were all members of the swimming club Tirta Serayu Banjarnegara totaling 11 respondents. Data collection techniques using surveys. Data collection techniques using tests and measurements. The instruments used in this study were Hand grip dynamometer, Leg and Back dynamometer, modified spring scales, vertical jump, and 25 meter crawl style swimming. The data analysis technique used regression and correlation analysis, through the prerequisite test for normality and linearity. From the results of the study it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and 25 meter crawl style swimming achievement, there is no significant relationship between leg muscle strength and 25 meter crawl style swimming achievement, there is a significant relationship between arm power and crawl style swimming achievement. 25 meters, there is no significant relationship between leg power and 25 meter crawl style swimming achievement. Overall, there is no significant relationship between arm muscle strength, leg muscle strength, arm power and leg power on the 25 meter crawl swimming achievement. HUBUNGAN KEKUATAN OTOT LENGAN, OTOT TUNGKAI, POWER LENGAN DAN POWER TUNGKAI TERHADAP PRESTASI RENANG GAYACRAWL 25 METER AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antar kekuatan otot lengan, kekuatan otot tungkai, power lengan dan power tungkai terhadap prestasi renang gaya crawl 25 meter. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh anggota klub renang Tirta Serayu Banjarnegara yang berjumlah 11 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan survey. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan tes dan pengukuran. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa hand grip dynamometer, leg and back dynamometer, timbangan pegas modifikasi, vertical jump, dan renang gaya crawl 25 meter. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi dan korelasi, melalui uji prasyarat normalitas dan linearitas. Dari hasil penelitian bisa disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kekuatan otot lengan dengan prestasi renang gaya crawl 25 meter, tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kekuatan otot tungkai dengan prestasi renang gaya crawl 25 meter, ada hubungan yang signifikan power lengan dengan prestasi renang gaya crawl 25 meter, tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara power tungkai dengan prestasi renang gaya crawl 25 meter. Secara keseluruhan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kekuatan otot lengan, kekuatan otot tungkai, power lengan dan power tungkai terhadap prestasi renang gaya crawl 25 meter.

Hubungan Kelentukan, Kekuatan Lengan dan Daya Ledak Tungkai Dengan Renang Gaya Dada pada Mahasiswa FIK UNM Makassar.

This study aims to: (1) To determine whether there is flexibility in the ability Relations swimming breaststroke of students at FIK UNM Makassar. (2) To determine whether there is a relationship of arm strength with the ability of swimming breaststroke of students at FIK UNM Makassar. (3) To determine whether there is a connection with the explosive power of the legs breaststroke swimming ability in students of FIK UNM Makassar. (4) To determine whether there is a connection joint flexibility, muscle strength and explosive power leg sleeve with the ability of swimming breaststroke of students at FIK UNM Makassar. This type of research is descriptive correlational. population in this study were all students of the first half and a third son who totaled 300 people. with a sample of 40 students, the technique used is simple random sampling. Data analysis technique used is regression. Based on these results it can be concluded that: (1) there is a connection flexibility on the ability of swimming breaststroke of students at FIK UNM Makassar values obtained regression coefficient of determination -0.158 with a significant level of 0.000 &lt;α0,05, for determination coefficient of 0.303. This means that 30.3% flexibility relationship to the ability of swimming breaststroke of students at FIK UNM Makassar. (2) there is a connection arm muscle strength in the ability of swimming breaststroke of students at FIK UNM Makassar values obtained regression coefficient of determination -0.307 with a significant level of 0.000 &lt;α0,05, for determination coefficient of 0.739. This means that 73.9% of muscle strength relations arm of the ability of swimming breaststroke at Fik UNM Student Makassar. (3) there is a connection limb explosive power of the ability of swimming breaststroke of students at FIK UNM Makassar values obtained regression coefficient of determination -0.129 with a significant level of 0.000 &lt;α0,05, for determination coefficient of 0.490. This means 49% correlation explosive power of the legs of the ability of swimming breaststroke in Student Fik UNM Makassar (4) There is a connection of flexibility, muscle strength of arms, explosive leg with the ability of swimming breaststroke of students at FIK UNM Makassar obtained regression value (Ro) 0.906 with the level of significance in the column sig, the amount of (0.000) &lt;α 0.05 for the value of R Square (coefficient) 0821. This means that 82.1% relations flexibility, arm muscle strength, explosive power leg together on the ability of swimming breaststroke of students at FIK UNM Makassar

Latihan "Salam Trendi" terhadap Kekuatan Otot dan Kecepatan Berjalan Lansia Paska Stroke di Kota Depok

Stroke in the elderly resulted in limited autonomy. Exercise Salam Trendy consists of deep breathing exercises, stretching, and range of motion is one exercise to reduce limitations. Exercises done at home and individual 2x / week for 4 weeks. This study aimed to identify the effects of exercise "Salam Trendy" against muscle strength and walking speed of elderly post-stroke in Depok. Quasi-Experimental research design using pre and post test design. Total sample of 44 respondents consisting of the treatment group and the control group were selected with consecutive sampling technique. Evaluation studies conducted on the first and fourth week. The results showed that the arm muscle strength (p = 0.042) and legs (p = 0.005); walking speed (p = 0.002) increased significantly after being given a workout. This means that the exercise “Salam Trendy “ affect the increase in muscle strength and walking speed. The study recommends the need for this exercise as one of the interventions of nurse elderly post-stroke in the community.&#x0D; Keyword: Stroke; the elderly; exercise Salam Trendy; muscle strength, walking speed.

HUBUNGAN KEKUATAN OTOT LENGAN DENGAN KEMAMPUAN LEMPAR LEMBING PADA SISWA SMA NEGERI 1 PURIALA

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between arm muscle strength and the javelin throwing ability of students of SMA Negeri 1 Puriala. The formulation of the problem in this study is "is there a relationship between arm muscle strength and the javelin throwing ability of students of SMA Negeri 1 Puriala. The population in this study were 370 students of SMA Negeri 1 Puriala, consisting of 210 girls and 160 boys, the sample in this study was taken by purposive sampling technique, namely the sample was selected with the consideration of male gender as much as 20% of 160 male students. in order to obtain a sample of 32 people. The instrument used to measure the arm muscle strength test was thetest pull up for 60 seconds, while the instrument used to measure the javelin throwing ability test was the javelin throwing test which was carried out 3 times per student. The research data were analyzed using the product moment statistical technique at a significant level of 0.05. The results obtained from testing the hypothesis show that Rxy = 0.93&gt; r table at a significant level of 0.05 = 0.349. The value of the coefficient of detrimination of arm muscle strength with the ability to throw the javelin is 0.86 or 86%. In this study, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and the javelin throwing ability of the students of SMA Negeri 1 Puriala.

HUBUNGAN KEKUATAN OTOT LENGAN DENGAN KEMAMPUAN LEMPAR LEMBING PADA SISWA SMA NEGERI 2 TOMIA

The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation between arm muscle strength and javelin throw ability at the students of SMA Negeri 2 Tomia. The population in this research were all students of SMA Negeri 2 Tomia was obtained 424 students consist of 204 boys and 220 girls. The sample in this study was taken based on purposive random sampling where selected based on the consideration of the male gender, and the students which could done pull ups properly and correctly were to 105 people. Furthermore, it was carried out randomly then that 31 people were obtained as samples in this study. The instrument used to measure of arm muscle strength was the pull up test for 60 seconds and to measure javelin throw ability was to javelin throw test as long as 3 times and the best throw was taken. The research data were analyzed by using the product moment statistical technique at a significant level of 0.05. Based on the results obtained from hypothesis testing, it shows that rxy = 0.51 &gt; rtable at the significant level of 0.05 = 0.355. The coefficient determination of arm muscle strength with javelin throw ability is 0.26 or 26%. Its means that 26% of javelin throw ability is influenced by arm muscle strength, while 0.74 or 74% is influenced by other biomotor elements. The research can be concluded that there is a significant correlation between arm muscle strength and javelin throw ability at the students of SMA Negeri 2 Tomia.

GAMBARAN KEKUATAN, DAYA TAHAN OTOT, POWER, KELENTUKAN, KECEPATAN REAKSI, DAN DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG PARU ATLET CABANG OLAHRAGA TENIS MEJA JAWA BARAT PON XVIII/2012 RIAU BERDASARKAN STANDAR KONI PUSAT

On PON XVIII/2012 Riau, achievements earned by West Java table tennis athletes were not the best. Those athletes only earned 1 silver medal and 1 bronze medal. One of several factors influencing these athlete’s achievement is physical condition of the athlete. Underwhelming achievements may be caused by discrepancy of athlete’s physical condition with Central KONI standards. This study aimed to describe predominant physical components of West Java table tennis athletes in PON XVIII/2012 Riau according to Central KONI standard. The study was conducted using descriptive study design and cross sectional approach using secondary data that has been measured by Sport Medicine field of KONI West Java. Secondary data consists of predominant physical components in table tennis athletes, which are strength, muscle endurance, power, flexibility, reaction speed, and heart lung strength, that will be compared to Central KONI standard. Based on Central KONI standard, there were predominant physical component of West Java table tennis athletes in PON XVIII/2012 Riau still on deficient and adequate level, which were arm and shoulder muscle strength, leg muscle strength, abdominal muscle endurance, arm muscle power, and heart lung endurance in male athletes; and arm and shoulder strength, abdominal muscle endurance, leg muscle strength, and heart lung endurance in female athletes. There were still predominant physical components of West Java table tennis athletes that have not achieved good, very good or perfect category according to Central KONI standard. Hence, efforts to coach athletes through scalable and well programmed training are needed. In conclusion, an athlete can earn gold medal if predominant physical component capability of said athlete achieved good, very good or perfect category.

Electromyographic Analysis of Muscle Activation Patterns During Bovine Transrectal Palpation and the Development of the Bovine Pregnancy Diagnosis Improvement Exercise Program.

The unusual and tiring physical activity of bovine transrectal palpation (TRP) requires a novel approach to improve students' TRP and pregnancy diagnosis (PD) skills. It has been shown that students who participated in an exercise program and students who had a grip strength (GS) of more than 30 kilograms performed better in bovine PDs. Participation in the exercise program increased students' sensitivity (ability to identify pregnant cows) but did not increase total arm muscle strength. To identify which muscles are used during TRPs and to improve the exercise program, an electromyographic (EMG) analysis was used to identify muscle activation patterns and muscle activity levels during bovine TRPs. Eight subject matter experts (SMEs) each palpated two live cows and one Breed'n Betsy® rectal examination simulator while an EMG Triggered Stimulator recorded muscle activity. Muscle activation was higher for forearm muscles compared with all other examined muscle groups (p < .001); was higher during retraction of the uterus and palpation of left and right uterine horn, compared with palpation of cervix, uterine body, left ovary, and right ovary (p < .001); and showed an endurance pattern. Findings have been used to modify the previously developed exercise program in effort to improve students' TRP and PD skills. The Bovine PD Improvement Exercise Program is available to students through an online application (http://icarus.up.ac.za/vetmlp/) and aims to not only improve GS and TRP accuracy but also stamina and well-being while adding fun to busy study schedules.

Hubungan Keukuatan Otot Lengan dan Power Tungkai dengan Kemampuan Jump Shoot Tim Putri Extrakulikuler Bolabasket SMA Negeri 1 Sukaraja Sukabumi

This study aims to determine the relationship of arm muscle strength and leg power with the jump shot ability of the extracurricular women's basketball team. This research is a Non-Experimental study with correlational design.Data collection techniques in this study were tests. The instruments used in this study were push-up tests, vertical jump tests, and ball-to-ring tests with jump shots that were at 5 shot post points with 5x chance to shoot at each post.The results of the analysis showed that: There was a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and jump shoot, significance value 0.001 &lt;0.05, the magnitude of the relationship between arm muscle strength and Jumpshot by 75.3%. (2) There is no significant relationship between leg muscle power and jump shoot in basketball extracurricular women's teams with t count 3.105&gt; t table 2.23, and significance value 0.316 &lt;0.05. (3) There is a significant relationship between arm muscle strength and leg power simultaneously to Jump shoot ability with r = 0.753 and significance = 0.001 with sig F change = 0.004.

The Importance of Physical Fitness for Pencak Silat Athletes: Home-Based Weight Training Between Tabata and Circuit Can it Work?

During the Covid-19 pandemic, pencak silat athletes experienced difficulty improving physical fitness because training could not be done together with a coach, so their physical fitness decreased significantly. This study aimed to test Tabata and Circuit's effectiveness to improve female Pencak silat athletes' physical fitness. This research was quantitative with experimental methods. The subject of this research consisted of Female Pencak silat athletes with low physical fitness levels (n=20). All subjects were randomly allocated to experiment I of the Tabata weight training (TWT) (n = 10) and experiment II of the Circuit weight training (CWT) (n = 10). The results showed that the physical training such as arm muscle strength (t= 11.00; P&lt;0.05), leg muscle strength (t= 7.900; P&lt;0.05), muscle endurance (t= 6.014; P&lt;0.05), flexibility (t= 10.34; P&lt;0.05), endurance VO2max (t= 17.39; P&lt;0.05) and power (t= 19.20; P&lt;0.05), increased significantly due to the intervention of Tabata weight training. A similar increase occurred in Circuit weight training, physical fitness components, such as arm muscle strength (t= 4.910; P&lt;0.05), leg muscle strength (t= 12.230; P&lt;0.05), muscle endurance (t= 4.792; P&lt;0.05), flexibility (t= 6.107; P&lt;0.05), endurance VO2max (t= 5.533; P&lt;0.05) and power (t= 5.982; P&lt;0.05) increased significantly. Home-based weight training between Tabata and Circuit positively improved the physical fitness of female Pencak silat athletes. This research contributes knowledge in coaching so that lecturers and coaches can use it to improve aspects of athlete's physical fitness.

Effect of resistance training exercise combined with high protein diet on body weight and muscle mass in underweight adolescent males

Introduction: Many underweight males take commercial protein supplements to increase their body weight and build muscle. Nonetheless, commercial protein supplements may cause adverse effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of resistance training exercise combined with a high protein diet on body weight and muscle mass in underweight adolescent males. Methods: A repeated measures design study was conducted on nine males aged 12-15 years with low body weight. Energy and protein requirements were calculated, and energy and protein consumptions were measured for each meal during the high protein diet without exercise (HP) period and the high protein diet with resistance exercise (HPE) period. Subjects engaged in three resistance training sessions each week during HP-E period, for eight weeks. Dietary intake, body composition, blood biochemistry, physical fitness, and self-esteem were assessed. Results: In HP-E period, resistance training exercise combined with a high protein intake (2.14 g/kg/d) increased body weight and lean tissue mass (LTM) by 0.5 kg and 0.5 kg, respectively. Resistance training during HP-E period increased arm, leg, and trunk muscle strength by 20.2%, 7.2%, and 14.5%, respectively, more than high protein diet alone during HP period. High protein intake in HP-E period did not affect blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels (11.0 mg/dL and 0.70 mg/dL, respectively). Conclusion: Eight weeks of resistance training combined with a high protein diet increased body weight and LTM without adverse effects. In particular, resistance exercise predominantly increased muscle strength. Kidney function was not affected by high protein consumption throughout this study.

Hubungan Antara Power Otot Lengan, Kelentukan Punggung Dan Kekuatan Otot Lengan Dengan Kemampuan Tolak Peluru Gaya Ortodox Pada Siswa Kelas Xi Di SMK PGRI 2 Kediri

Arm muscle power with the ability to repel a force bullet, see the relationship of back flexibility with the ability to repel a force bullet or a toad, see the relationship of arm strength with the ability to shoot a force or shoot a bullet and see the relationship between arm muscle strength, back flexibility and arm muscle strength with the ability to repel a force bullet or punch. The research approach used by researchers is quantitative, this study uses research techniques (methods), where the technique is in research that aims to see the relationship between 3 or more variables. Initiation of data techniques using practice tests to find the relationship between the independent variables and the research variables. The results of this study aim to see the significant relationship between Arm Muscle Strength, Flexibility and Arm Muscle Strength with the ability to Repel Bullets in extracurricular bullet-repelling students at SMK PGRI 2 Kediri, the analysis results show that there is a significant relationship between Arm Muscle Strength and Bullet Repellent ability with a price or value of r x1.y = 0.936> r (0.05) (20) = 0.321, it means that it is not significant, the results of the analysis show that there is a significant relationship between Flexibility and the Ability to Repel Bullets with the price or value of r x1.y = 0.937> r (0.05) (20) = 0.321, which means that it does not mean significant, the results of the analysis show that a significant relationship between Arm Muscle Strength and the ability to Repel Bullets with a price or value of r x1.y = 0.938> r (0.05) ( 20) = 0.321, which means it is not significant and the results of the analysis show that there is a significant relationship between Arm Muscle Strength, Flexibility to Arm Muscle strength and ability an Bullet Reject with a price or value of r x1, x2, x3, .y = 0.975> r (0.05) (20) = 0.321, meaning that the coefficient is significant

Arm Muscle Strength in Children with Bilateral Spastic CP

Aims To assess arm-muscle strength related to motor function in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, 5–15 years old. Methods Muscle strength was measured for shoulder abductors, elbow extensors and flexors, wrist extensors, and grip strength. The children were grouped according to the Manual Ability Classification Scale (MACS). Results Forty-two children were included. The majority of the children at MACS levels I–II were within the normal range; shoulder abductors were weakest (mean 60–80% of predicted value), and variation was greatest for wrist extensors. Children at MACS level II showed lower values than children at level I, with significant differences for shoulder abductors (p=.028) and wrist extensors (p<.001). Differences between the dominant and non-dominant side was greater in children at MACS level II and statistically significant for wrist extensors (p=.024). Of 15 children tested for grip strength, nine were within the 2 SD range. The three children at MACS level II, all walking with a walker, had a higher mean value than those at MACS level I. Conclusions Muscle strength was lower and differences were greater between sides in children at MACS level II. Wrist extensors showed a decreasing trend with age as compared with normal development.

Therapeutic effects of mirror therapy in patients after stroke

To evaluate the effect of mirror therapy on the regression of motor disorders in the paretic arm, functional and psychological disorders, the patient's functioning and quality of life, risk factors for recurrent stroke in the early recovery period of stroke. We examined 219 patients after stroke, including 154 patients after ischemic stroke (IS) and 65 patients after hemorrhagic stroke (HS) in the early recovery period (21 days to 6 months). All patients received a standard medical rehabilitation course including medications, physical rehabilitation, and physiotherapeutic treatment. Patients were divided into four groups depending on the stroke type and the medical rehabilitation course received: two study treatment groups (post-IS and post-HS groups), which consisted of patients receiving the standard medical rehabilitation course and mirror therapy, and two comparison groups (post-IS and post-HS), in which patients received only the standard medical rehabilitation course. All patients before and after the medical rehabilitation course were evaluated for neurological disorders (NIHSS, Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity, Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale and handgrip test), functional limitations (Frenchay Arm Test, Hauser Ambulation Index, Rivermead Mobility Index, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), ICF), mental status («Visual Memory» and «10 Word Memory» methods, Schulte-Platonoff tables, Lüscher color test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Locus of Control Recovery Questionnaire), quality of life (EQ-5D), arterial hypertension (Arterial Hypertension in Adults. Clinical Guidelines, 2020). Addition of the mirror therapy to the standard course provided additional therapeutic effects: in patients with IS, the high tone of the paretic muscles of the arm significantly decreased (by 46%); the target blood pressure was achieved in 96% of patients; severe disorders of functional independence and depression regressed; significant changes of mental functions parameters (visual memory, shifting attention); improvement of activity and participation parameters (carrying in the hands, self-care, housekeeping). In patients with HS, the muscle strength of the paretic arm significantly increased (by 35%); the target blood pressure was achieved in all patients; improvement of mental functions (motivation, shifting attention, visual memory), activity and participation parameters (objects moving and manipulation, self-care), and decreased level of depression were observed. The addition of mirror therapy to the standard of care for patients after stroke resulted in regression of neurological deficit, motor disorders in the paretic arm, improvement of emotions and motivation, mitigation of recurrent stroke risk factors, as well as significant impact on the cognitive functions and enhancement of patients' capabilities of self-care.