Street Vendors Research Articles

Challenging the Philosophical Axis Enactment in the Sustainability of Malioboro Street Vendors’ Relocation

In enacting its "Philosophical Axis", the Government of Yogyakarta forged a significant policy thattransformed its relations with community members especially street vendors. Under this policy,street vendors were relocated from their previous locations to sites known as Teras 1 and Teras 2Malioboro. Although the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World HeritageConvention mandate the practice of sustainable development, street vendors—the economicbackbone of the Special Region of Yogyakarta—indicate that they have experienced a drastic loss ofincome due to accessibility issues. This research explores the impact of relocation on street vendors'income as well as short, medium, and long term plans for the new sites. Data were collected throughquestionnaires that were distributed to ninety respondents from Teras 1 and Teras 2, in-depthinterviews, and a review of the literature.

PROBLEMS FACED BY WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN ECO-TOURISM

The transition from homemaker to sophisticated businesswoman is not that easy. But the trend is changing. Women are coming forth to the business arena with ideas to start small and medium enterprises. The role of women entrepreneurs is especially relevant in the situation of large scale unemployment that the country faces. Mostly, the women entrepreneurs are engaged in home-made articles such as candle making, handicrafts, handloom (weaving) textiles, pickles, masala powder, agarbati, pappad, tailoring, pottery, petty shops, tiffin center, snack bars, street vending(vegetables, flowers, fruits, etc.), packaging materials, milk items such as curd, butter milk, ghee

Exploring gender-based spatio-temporal patterns of informal street vending: A case study in Fangshan District, Beijing, China

Many studies have shown that, due largely to family and socio-cultural influences, women prefer part-time and flexible employment, which aligns with the character of informal street vending. However, unlike many other workers, female vendors must consider the temporary use of space and co-produce an ever-changing environment that interacts with a diverse range of people with heterogeneous demands, a phenomenon that has received little research attention. Using spatial-temporal behavior mapping and on-site observations at three street spaces in Fangshan District, Beijing, China, we examined the spatio-temporal behavioral patterns of female vendors and explored gender differences in the type, mode, spatial meaning, and time of informal vending in the Chinese urban context. Our results indicate that when vending space is limited, male vendors tend to cluster; female vendors are more dispersed, and more likely to occupy spaces with unfavorable selling environments. When there are fewer vendors on the site, female vendors sell closer to the inner side of the street (i.e., less accessibility compared with male vendors). Most female vendors sell relatively lightweight and small goods with low profit margins. Male vendors tend to occupy fixed stalls and utilize heavier transport equipment, while female vendors are more likely to be flexible in location and use lightweight transport equipment. Furthermore, female vendors are more likely than male vendors to operate during weekdays and in daylight hours than on the weekends and at night. We also attempted to understand the potential reasons for gender differences in temporary space use, and informal socio-economic co-production, in urban street contexts. Our study provides further scientific basis for the promotion of more inclusive, vibrant, and healthy urban environments by considering the largely overlooked group of informal female street vendors and their temporary inhabitation and use of urban street space.

Struggles and Challenges of Street Women Vendors: A Study in Tamenglong District, Manipur

Women folks of Zeliangrong whose contributions are immense and diverse in the life situation of the people needs due acknowledgment and appreciation. In the society where women are treated as commodities and trapped within the domestic chores domain, the study search to empower women and accept the works and capabilities of women as a sustainable means to support the families and societies in general who stabilize the life struggle of the suffering poor families in the villages.The research thrust to study about women struggles for livelihood among Zeliangrong Nagas living in Manipur. Women who have been considered as second citizen of the society have been struggling to keep their family alive through thick and thin times; and the study shows how Zeliangrong women struggles for their livelihood through street vending. In the society where women are treated as commodities and trapped within the domestic chores domain, the study search to empower women and accept the works and capabilities of women as a sustainable means to support the families and societies in general who stabilize the life struggle of the suffering poor families in the villages.

Evaluation of the Implementation of Field Work Practices Using the CIPP Model

Based on initial observations carried out at I, the results showed that as many as 70% of students did not understand the Field Work Practice procedures, where the Field Work Practice activity schedule was not immediately socialized at the beginning of the semester. Job on training program (PKL) are an important part of the process in implementing education at vocational schools. The aim of the PKL is to increase the competency of vocational school students in accordance with the needs of the industrial world. This research aims to evaluate the implementation of PKL to determine the suitability of implementing the PKL with the CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product) model. Researchers used qualitative methods, data was obtained from interview data with relevant respondents at SMKN 1 Rejotangan and SMKN 2 Tulungagung and also through literature study and documentation that supports this research. Evaluation of the Context of the On job training program for Vocational School Students Competency in Office Automation and Management Skills, the relevance of the PKL Program to the school curriculum and the needs and opportunities as a Program follow-up from street vendors has been carried out well. Evaluation of Inputs which includes the readiness of students. Evaluation of the process which includes student participation, utilization of time for implementing PKL. Evaluation of the implementation which includes increasing student competency after carrying out PKL and the impact of this PKL activity on the student's job placement after graduating from school has been achieved with Good.

Creating an Informal Transport Route

Problem, research strategy, and findings This study shares the results of a test I established of a new minibus route in Kampala with the Uganda Transport Operators Federation (UTOF). Informal transport provides the bulk of urban mobility in the Global South but may be limited in the connectivity and spatial coverage it is able to provide. I tested the effectiveness of market response by temporarily subsidizing operations in an unserved location and found that even a limited expansion of routing found passenger demand, showing a countercurrent of travel against the existing pattern of radial, central business district–to-suburb travel. Female street vendors were a particularly important previously unserved group of passengers. For operators, the study revealed that establishing new services can be difficult, requiring organizational capacity and substantial investment and risk in terms of time and money. In parallel, when such investments are made, other formal and informal actors, such as police, government bureaucracy, and competing operators, can act to extract the benefits, further slowing the change and growth of the transport network. Takeaway for practice I describe the implementation steps and lessons learned from a small-scale pilot project that could be scaled for use as a planning intervention as well as to assess the equity of market-driven public transport and identify mobility gaps. This study expands the body of evidence on the effectiveness of informal transport systems for diverse mobility needs and spatial coverage, providing unique data and a methodological approach to address latent and hidden mobility needs for urban residents. It develops a potential avenue of intervention for regulators and planning practitioners for a cheap, light-touch intervention that collaborates with informal transport workers to expand accessibility and equity for passengers.

Portrait of Poverty in Palu and Paku, Usaha Samad, and Si Sapar by Utuy Tatang Sontani: Literary Sociology

This research analyzes the portait of poverty depicted in three short stories of Utuy Tatang Sontani: “Palu and Paku, “Usaha Samad”, and “Si Sapar”. The focus of this research is social conflict, injustice, and the interaction between the characters in the context of poverty. The short story “Palu and Paku” tells about the life of a pedicab driver who faces a challenge to maintain his dignity in the midst of difficult economic conditions. “Samad’s Effort” tells the story of the persistence and struggle of a street vendor trying to escape poverty. And in “Si Sapar”, Utuy talks about the poverty of street children and how poverty can affect a person’s life from an early age. This research deeply discusses the depiction of poverty in Utuy Tatang Sontani’s literary works and how literature functions as a social reflection that reflects social reality. The findings in this study are expected to contribute to the development of literary sociology and raise awareness of social issues in literature and society in general, especially regarding poverty.

Unethical practices of businessmen and street vendors: A review

This study is a literature review on the topic of "unethical practices of businessmen and street vendors" in India. This study aimed to examine the existing related research and identify the key challenges and limitations faced by street vendors in India, as well as the impact of unethical practices on the economy, society, and environment. The study also reviewed the solutions proposed to address the problem of unethical practices among businessmen and street vendors in India, including government regulation, corporate social responsibility, ethical leadership, and consumer support for legal and ethical vendors. The literature review process involved searching for and identifying relevant research articles, books, reports, and other sources on the topic. The sources were then analyzed and synthesized to identify key themes and findings. This study provides an overview of the literature on the topic of unethical practices among businessmen and street vendors in India and highlights the need for continued efforts to address this problem through a multifaceted approach that includes government regulation, consumer education and activism, and support for vendors to operate legally and ethically.

Evaluation of bacteriological quality and safety of sugarcane juice locally processed and vended in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

The prevalence of foodborne illness linked to the intake of freshly squeezed juices sold by street vendors is on the rise, despite the widespread use of these beverages by millions of people in developing nations. Hence, a study was undertaken to evaluate the microbiological standard and safety of locally processed and street-vended sugarcane juices in Dar es Salaam to ascertain their present condition. A total of 60 samples of sugarcane juice were gathered and examined. Street vendors involved in the sugarcane juice business were interviewed followed by physical-chemical and microbiological laboratory analysis. The pH of unpasteurized sugarcane juice was 4.8 and 4.9 for iced and raw, respectively while the pH for pasteurized and pasteurized juice in which citric acid was added were receptively, 4.3 and 3.1. The average level of titratable acidity was 0.083%. The Soluble solids (°Brix) of unpasteurized raw, iced and pasteurized sugarcane juice ranged from 12.2- 22.1, 2.4-13.8 and 14.1-15.8. The total plate counts (TPC) of unpasteurized sugarcane juice showed a mean of 5.592 and 5.64 log cfu/mL for raw and iced sugarcane juice, respectively. About 90% of samples were above TBS and Codex recommended maximum limits of 3.7 to 4 log cfu/mL or 5×10³- 10⁴ cfu/mL. Unpasteurized raw and iced sugarcane juice were contaminated with 1.79 and 2.10 log cfu/mL of E. coli while no typical Salmonella spp. was detected in all 60 samples. The study concluded that the microbiological quality and overall handling practices associated with unpasteurized sugarcane juice sold in Dar es Salaam City were substandard.

Bacteriological quality of street-vended beverages sold in two popular markets in Georgetown, Guyana

In Guyana, street-vended beverages can often be bought in the local markets and some eating establishments; and are popular, sought-after beverages. The demand and consumption of local beverages are likely to increase for both locals and foreigners. The safe production of fruit beverages by the fruit juice vendor will become crucial to prevent spoilage and microbial contamination. This study analyses the bacteriological quality of street-vended juices from two of the main markets in Georgetown, by enumerating the total viable count and identifying coliforms, Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. This experimental study investigated street-vended juices. The standard plate count method was used to determine the total viable count on nutrient agar using serial dilutions. Selective media including MSA agar, EMB agar, and XLD agar; and other identification tests were used to select for and identify specific bacteria. The data were presented as mean±SD and numbers of positive samples. About 90% of samples were contaminated with bacteria with an average of 5.8±1.9 log cfu/mL or 2.1x107 cfu/mL. Of the 20 juices, 65% contained coliforms, 25% yielded E. coli, and 60% yielded Klebsiella sp. /Enterobacter sp., 65%yielded Staphylococcus sp., 25% were suspected to be Shigella sp. and 5% were suspected to be Salmonella sp. Standards for ready-to-drink, non-carbonated beverages state that coliforms and other pathogens must be absent; therefore our findings are very worrying. We recommend that governmental and non-governmental agencies collaborate to bring more awareness about hygiene and storage techniques for street vendors.

Bacterial Enumeration and Detection in Rhynchophorus phoenicis (African Palm Weevil Larva) Sold within Yenagoa Metropolis

Microbial contamination of Rhynchophorus phoenicis (larva of the African palm weevil) was examined from street vendors. R. phoenicis larvae sold on the street were purchased from six vendors in the following location including Akenfa, Ekeki, Kpansia, Opolo, Swali and Etegwe in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The pour plate method was used to assess the total viable count (TVC), Total colony count (TCC) and Total streptococcal count (TSC). Samples were homogenized before the plate counting method was applied at respective concentration ranging from 0.1ml-10-7ml, however 10-7ml concentration was used for viable colony counts and aseptically inoculated onto MacConkey agar, Nutrient agar and blood agar for identification of potential pathogens. Results revealed TVC ranging from 48.5±5.4a to 117.5±8.5b, TCC ranging from 44.0±5.1ac to 70.0±8.6ab and TSC ranging from 44.8±4.8a to 60.0±6.7a Similarly bacteria identified in all samples based on morphological and biochemical characteristics were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus cholermidis, Streptococcus sp, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Enterobacter spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp and Klebsiellae spp. Street-sold R. phoenicis, can be a source of food poisoning if not handled properly during, handling, processing and hawking.

Effects of the Informal Street Food Vendors’ Operations on the Socio-cultural and Economic Wellbeing of Nyeri Town Public

Nyeri town boasts of informal street food vendors found on almost every street, offering products ranging from indigenous to trendy cuisines. During evening hours, the informal street food operators compete for the street space with the town public. The design and the size of the town’s major streets have not been reviewed to accommodate the increasing number of informal street food vendors and the growing urban community. This study investigated the effects of the informal street food vendors’ location, products, operating time and modus operandi on the Socio-cultural and Economic Wellbeing of the urban community in Nyeri town. The researchers combined the integrated model, neo-Marxist and neo-liberal theories to contextualize the development and growth of informal street foods. Neo-Marxist theory posits that the informal sector expands as urbanization increases, and the Neo-liberal theory –argues that entrepreneurs pursue informal sectors in order to operate outside the official business frameworks to explore the subject of the study. Using the cross-sectional survey design, the study adopted the enumeration and convenience sampling techniques to select vendors and consumers respectively that responded to the questionnaire administered face-to-face. The qualitative data was analysed using the thematic content analysis, and the output was transformed into quantitative data to give percentages and frequencies. The informal street ventures inconvenienced street users, especially during rush hours. The food-related waste and a cocktail of food aromas made the street ambience less attractive. The equipment used on the streets and the unsecured fire points posed a great risk to the public. The study concludes that informal street food ventures provide employment that sustains livelihoods. The informal street businesses facilitate the flow of resources, and promote the mainstream economies like agriculture, retail and food manufacturing, thus contributing to wealth creation in the county. The study recommends benchmarking to explore ways to change the perception that informal street foods are unsafe, unhealthy and the ventures make the street look unattractive. In countries like Thailand in the city of Phuket, informal street foods are conducted in an organized manner

Evaluasi Kebijakan Penataan Pkl Oleh Pemerintah Kota Surakarta di Kecamatan Laweyan Kota Surakarta

The objectives of this study are: (1) to find out the policy of the Surakarta City Government in organizing street vendors in Laweyan, (2) to find out the extent of the Surakarta City Government's policy in improving the welfare of street vendors. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. The research location is in Laweyan, Trade Office in the field of PKL Management and Satpol PP Surakarta City. The focus of this research is the policy of the Surakarta City Government in organizing street vendors in Laweyan, the extent of the Surakarta City Government's policy in improving the welfare of street vendors. The primary data sources in this study are street vendors in Laweyan, officers of the Trade Office of the PKL Management section, officers of Satpol PP Surakarta City. The results showed that to overcome the problem of mushrooming street vendors, the Surakarta City Government issued Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2008. In its implementation, the Regional Regulation is assisted by the existence of Guardian Number 17B of 2012 and also Mayor Decree Number 510 of 2012. The policy issued by the Surakarta City Government empowers street vendors in the form of providing cart assistance, capital assistance, counseling and also cart and umbrella assistance.

Quality of Work-life of Road Side Food Street Vendors in Tiruchirappalli District

Street vending is a universal phenomenon and is primarily seen in all countries. The people working in this area get low wages, which makes it easy for them to enter unskilled labour and be self-employed. It provides self-employment, removes poverty, and improves the people's standard of living. This study mainly focuses on the standard of living of roadside food vendors in the Tiruchirappalli district. The researcher selected 60 sample respondents by using a simple random sampling method. It is found that there is a significant difference between monthly income and quality of life of food street vendors. It is suggested that the street vendors must register as per the provisions of The Street Vendors (Protection of Livelihood and Regulation of Street Vending) Act, 2014.

Socio-economic study of water ball vendors: A study in Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, Rupandehi

The present study aims to correlate the socioeconomic characteristics of street fulki vendors and their opportunities and challenges. The study followed a mixed method approach along with 38 vendors taken for rapid questionnaire survey and 5 in-depth interviews. The study was empirically based on Pani Puri vendors in Butwal sub-metropolitan city of Rupandehi district, Nepal. A total of 38 respondents were endorsed for a rapid questionnaire survey while there were five in-depth interviews to triangulate the findings. The study confirmed that the majority of vendors were male and from an economically active age. The business was established with a small investment however there were different motivations for initiating the business. The informal nature of economic transactions, lack of official registration, and professional training are found as the major challenges though the low investment, higher return, greater satisfaction and lower risk of loss are significant opportunities. The study recommends that food hygiene is an important concept to prevent food-borne illnesses and outbreaks which to be addressed while promoting the Pani Puri business in the long run. Moreover, government policies on quality food and hygiene can play an important role.

Solidaritas Sosial Antar Pedagang Kaki Lima di Taman Batu 10 Kota Tanjungpinang

Relationships that can strengthen fellow individuals or groups require a sense of togetherness that arises in the soul of each individual so that a moral bond is formed between each individual. Street vendors are traders who mostly sell by using the roadside area. With the number of traders in Taman Batu 10 as many as 30 people, including 22 men and 8 women, the street vendors also have different ethnicities, namely Javanese, Minangkabau, Sundanese and Malay. One manifestation of this form of street vendor solidarity is providing assistance to assist with buying and selling transactions if one of the traders is going to perform prayers or has a momentary need. In the Taman Batu 10 PKL community there is a structure, namely chairman, deputy chairman, treasurer and secretary. This research method was qualitative by interviewing 10 street vendors. The results of this research show that the solidarity that exists between street vendors in Taman Batu 10 is more dominant in organic solidarity than mechanical. Organic solidarity is a structured division of labor, where the street vendor community in Taman Batu 10 has a management structure which includes a chairman, deputy chairman, secretary and treasurer. In giving punishment or sanctions it is restitutive, namely providing sanctions in the form of returning the situation to its original state. If there is a problem within the Taman Batu 10 PKL community, it will be resolved through deliberation. The feeling of dependency is high as street vendors need other traders to help them lend small money.

Penataan Pedagang Kaki Lima di Sekitar Gedung Olahraga Sudiang Kota Makassar

This research aims to describe the impact of street vendors in the area around the Sudiang Sports Building in Makassar City. The research focuses on the analysis of the impact, the perceptions of the community and vendors, as well as the role of the government in organizing street vendors in that area. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with the location of the study in Makassar City, specifically around the Sudiang sports building. The objective is to describe the arrangement of street vendors around the Sudiang Sports Building in Makassar City. Data will be collected through observation, interviews, and documentary studies. Respondents in this study include street vendors, stakeholders, and the community around the Sudiang sports building. The results of the research show that the presence of street vendors poses complex challenges, particularly in terms of aesthetic aspects, the function of the area, and economic interests. The arrangement of street vendors needs to consider economic diversity while taking into account the community's views on the aesthetics and original function of the area. In maintaining this balance, community participation and the role of the government are crucial. The government's role is felt through policies determining specific zones and supportive measures. Recommendations to maintain harmony between the economy and sports function include continued involvement of the community in decision-making regarding the arrangement of street vendors. Open dialogue among the government, vendors, and the community can serve as a platform to find solutions that accommodate the interests of all parties. Furthermore, additional efforts are needed to educate the community about the economic benefits that street vendors can bring without compromising the primary function of the area.

A Study of Internal Working Female Migrants in Kochi City, Kerala

As migration is dominated by men, with women comprising either residual or dependent followers, its gender dimensions are rarely addressed in literature in India. The decision to migrate of women is often highly influenced by intra-household gender relations and hierarchies. They often migrate out of concerns of household poverty or to ensure family survival through remittances as supplementary income. In this context, the paper attempts to study the socio-economic background, and working and living conditions of working female migrants in Kochi city. It also examines the reasons for their migration, benefits received and the problems faced at work in the city. The paper is based on primary data collected from 184 female migrants working in urban informal labour market of Kochi city, Kerala State, during January to April 2023. The findings of the study revealed all the sample migrant women to be engaged in informal sector, owing to their low education and skill. While their push factors for migration were poverty and debt at native home, the pull factors to Kochi city included more regular employment and better income. They are largely self-employed and work as domestic help or street vendors. They work for hours longer than prescribed under minimum work hours, besides lacking social protection measures. Their perceived problems at work were low wages, work not regular and longer working hours. The major benefits of migrant family in Kerala were better employment and income, infrastructure and children’s education. The Lorenz curve shows that there is a significant decline in the income inequality among migrant households with the additional income earned by the female migrants. The study recommends the need for local language mediators, to help the migrants benefit from the State’s migrant workers welfare schemes.

Do perception factors affect adaptation behaviours against air pollution among vulnerable occupation groups? Evidence from Chittagong and Dehradun.

Abstract Air pollution is a key environmental issue affecting the urban population in the urban cities of Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) countries. It is particularly detrimental to marginalized occupation groups like street vendors, labourers and drivers who work outdoors for their livelihood. There are mitigation strategies to reduce the brunt of air pollution that work in the long run. However, these strategies will need time to implement and operationalize. Adaptation behaviours and measures, in this context, are urgently required and become vital to cope with the impacts of air pollution exposure especially for highly exposed informal workers who have very little means of avoiding it. Adaptation behaviour is very complex and depends on socioeconomic and psychological factors. In this paper, we assess the impact of psychological factors like perception and motivation on the adaptive behaviour of the informal workers using Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). Our findings from Dehradun show that concern behaviour towards air pollution was strongly affected by motivation and perception factors. Adaptive behaviour in the form of both concern behavior and the extent of use of additional protective measures is dependent on how the risks of air pollution and related adaptation measures are perceived by the workers. In addition to this, certain adaptation behaviours like changing or adjusting the daily normal behaviour to avoid air pollution exposure are not feasible as they have direct implications on daily wage earnings.

Profile of Health Status in Relation to Working Pattern and Habits among Street Vendors in Bangalore City

Introduction: Street vendors are important informal self-employment group in the community and their health, nutritional and security status are affected because of weather conditions, pollution in urban area, mental stress and working hours. There is a lack of studies on health profile in street vendors in big cities. This study was conducted with as objective to know the socio demographic profile, health status in relation to their working pattern and habits among the street vendors. Material and Methods: This is a cross sectional and descriptive study. The data was collected by direct interviewing the subjects in their own language at their workplace in Bangalore city using pre tested semi open ended questionnaire. Sample size was determined based on the pilot study. The data included socio demographic, type of business, earning, working years, preexisting health status, body weight and height, habits etc. Subjects who were doing service or selling on mobile carts but not at fixed point and street vendors serving ready to eat foods were excluded. Body Mass Index was estimated as anthropometric nutritional status assessment. Data was analysed in SPSS software version. Results: The study subjects were 275 in the age group of 20 to 70 years and males accounted for 62.5 percentage. The proportion of subjects in the age of 41 years and above was 52.3%. Majority did not have formal schooling and common business was fruits and vegetables selling. Their working hours varying from 4 to 10, and doing business since 2 to 30 years with median of 20 years. The habit of smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol was present in 30.2%, 14.5% and 14.2% the total. Overweight and obesity accounted for 78.9 % among the total where 19.8% and 25.2% were obese in males and females. The overall prevalence of Hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus and other conditions were 30.5%, 23.6% and 7.2% irrespective of their age, sex, type of business, working hours and habits. The prevalence ........