Straw Ash Research Articles

Assessment of Fly Ash-Rice Straw Ash-Laterite Soil Based Geopolymer Mortar Durability

Geopolymer is an inorganic form of alumina-silica that is synthesized through materials containing lots of silica (Si) and alumina (Al) originating from nature or from industrial by-products. The geopolymer binder is a two-component inorganic system consisting of solid components that have sufficient amounts of SiO2 and Al2O3 to form compounds such as fly ash, rice straw ash, pozzolan, laterite soil, slag, etc. This study aims to analyze the compressive strength, chemical compositions, and geopolymerization process of geopolymers produced from fly ash, rice straw ash, and lateritic soil bound with an alkaline activator, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), with a concentration of 12 M. The durability of the geopolymer mortar was determined by soaking for 3, 7, and 28 days using water curing and sulphate curing (Sodium Sulphate, Na2SO4, and Sulfuric Acid, H2SO4). The results showed that sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can release silica and alumina in the amorphous phase and can be used as a binder for geopolymer mortar made from straw ash, fly ash, and laterite soil without using oven heat, according to compressive strength, chemical compositions, and the geopolymerization process. The results of this study can be used to support the use of waste materials (fly ash and laterite soil) and local materials (straw ash) as geopolymer mortar-forming materials. Furthermore, it can aid in the development of eco-friendly (environmentally friendly) national infrastructure by eliminating the need for oven heat to initiate the polymerization reaction. However, this research can also be developed to increase the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar, which resembles that of conventional concrete in general. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-012 Full Text: PDF

Inorganic and Natural Silicon Sources as Soil Amendment on Growth of Local Aromatic Rice Variety

Lodging causes a yield loss of approximately 1 ton per hectare as 20% of the total rice production. Silicon(Si) fertilisers significantly improve paddy grain yield, and lodging resistance by improving leaf firmnessbesides promoting better plant canopy and boosting photosynthesis. The objective of this study was todetermine the effects of Si derived from calcium silicate (CaSiO3), rice husk ash, and rice straw on paddyplant growth. A pot study was conducted at MARDI Seberang Perai during the main season (2019/2020)and the off-season (2020) using the MRQ 76 rice variety to evaluate 10 Si carriers. The growth parametersof the paddy plants such as number of tillers, plant height, and chlorophyll content at different growth stageswere evaluated. During season 1, treatment with 100% CaSiO3 (T4) significantly improved the plant height.Nevertheless, the organic Si (T1, T2, and T3) and combination between organic Si with CaSiO3 (T5, T6,T7, and T8) resulted in the tallest plants during season 2. Treatment T7 increased the tillering number permeter square during season 1 whereas in season 2 treatment T8 performed better compared to the standardfertiliser (T9) and control (T10). However, the treatments evaluated in this study did not significantly affectthe chlorophyll content of the paddy plants. Applying a combination of rice straw (50%) and rice husk ash(50%) a day before transplanting, followed by CaSiO3 (100%) as a silicate material during panicle initiation,along with additional NPK fertiliser (17:3:25:2MgO) during heading stage (T7), and without additionalNPK fertiliser (17:3:25:2MgO) at the heading stage (T8) were most effective in enhancing crop growth andmaintaining the paddy cultivation. Therefore, the findings in this study suggested the potential of usinginorganic and organic Si to improve the growth and development of aromatic rice variety.

Synthesis and characterization of biosilica gel produced from teff (Eragrostis tef) straw using the sol-gel technique

In this work, biosilica gel was synthesized using the sol-gel method from teff straw. Silica gel was synthesized from teff straw ash prepared at calcination temperatures of 500 to 900 °C using a 2.5 N NaOH solution. The silica gel yield increases with calcination temperature from 500 to 800 °C and decreases at 900 °C. The maximum yield (94.2 %) was attained at 800 °C. Further, the physiochemical and morphological characteristics of silica gel were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and BET. The silica gel functional group-specific characteristic peaks were only seen in FT-IR spectra, and amorphous silica gel was confirmed by XRD. By using SEM, the surface structure was identified. The performance of silica gel with a purity of 99.39 % and the highest surface area of 807.163 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.34 cm3/g, and a pore diameter of 1.70 nm was observed at 700 °C.

Eco-friendly transparent glass prepared from rice straw ash for neutron and charged particle radiation shielding

The current study aimed to fabricate and investigate new glass system incorporating silica from rice straw ash (RSA). The effect of adding different concentrations of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) on the glass's structure was examined using FTIR. The A.C. conductivity of the prepared glasses over the frequency range (120 Hz − 100 kHz) and the temperature range (300–620 oK) have been measured. Based on its electron density, a substance's electrical conductivity can alter as photon energy increases. For the current investigated glasses, the electron density (Neff) and electrical conductivity relation over the energy range (0.015–10 MeV) were calculated. Glass samples' ability to attenuate radiation such as neutrons, electrons, protons, and alpha particles has been investigated. For neutrons, the effective removal cross-section (∑R, cm−1) and the total macroscopic cross-section (∑T, cm−1) are calculated. For charged particles like protons (H+) and alpha (He2+), SRIM software has been used to determine the glass Mass Stopping Power (MSP) and the Projected Range (PR). For electrons (β−), MSP and the Continuous Stopping Down Approximation (CSPA) were calculated using ESTAR (NIST). On the other hand, Phy X/Zextra software was used to determine glasses effective atomic numbers (Zeff) over a broad energy range. As a result, BSiBi20 glass with the highest Bi2O3 concentrations (20 mol. %) shows superior shielding features for fast neutrons (∑R = 0.128 cm−1) compared to the competitors like ordinary concrete (O.C.). For charged particles, BSiBi20 glass achieves the lowest MSP, CSPA, and the highest Zeff values over the entire energy range. The KERMA (Kinetic Energy Released per unit Mass of the Absorbing material) calculations indicated a significant influence on the elemental composition of the glass system in the intermediate photon energy regime.

Effect of used engine oil on the mechanical properties and embodied carbon of concrete blended with wheat straw ash as cementitious material.

Every day, more and more binding materials are being used in the construction industry all over the world. However, Portland cement (PC) is used as a binding material, and its production discharges a high amount of undesirable greenhouse gases into the environment. This research work is done to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases discharged during PC manufacturing and to reduce the cost and energy incurred in the cement manufacturing process by making effective consumption of industrial/agricultural wastes in the construction sector. Therefore, wheat straw ash (WSA) as an agricultural waste is utilized as cement replacement material, while used engine oil as an industrial waste is utilized as an air-entraining admixture in concrete. This study's main goal was to examine the cumulative impact of both waste materials on fresh (slump test) and hardened concrete (compressive strength, split tensile strength, water absorption, and dry density). The cement was replaced by up to 15% and used engine oil incorporated up to 0.75% by weight of cement. Moreover, the cubical samples were cast for determining the compressive strength, dry density, and water absorption, while the cylindrical specimen was cast for evaluating the splitting tensile strength of concrete. The results confirmed that compressive and tensile strengths augmented by 19.40% and 16.67%, at 10% cement replacement by wheat straw ash at 90 days, respectively. Besides, the workability, water absorption, dry density, and embodied carbon were decreased as the quantity of WSA increased with the mass of PC, and all of these properties are increased with the incorporation of used engine oil in concrete after 28 days, respectively.

Nitrogen, potassium and sulphur availability from residue-based fertilisers produced in Denmark applied singly or combined

In organic farming systems, nutrients taken up by crops should be replenished by the recycling of agricultural and urban organic waste to close nutrient cycles. However, the availability of organic wastes permitted for application in organic farming is limited, and organic farmers usually have to apply manure from conventional farms, which is considered to be contentious. Alternative nutrient sources acceptable for application in organic farming are therefore needed to supply available nutrients to maintain or increase organic food production. In this study, we investigated the ability of manure, digested manure, manure co-digested with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, Fertigro® (a by-product from heparin production), and ash from straw to supply N, K and S to ryegrass grown in pots. We sought to establish whether the use of complex mixtures to obtain more suitable nutrient ratios can benefit plant growth. Digested manure and manure co-digested with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste gave on average 50% greater plant growth and 63% higher N recovery than manure, while no significant differences were observed in terms of K recovery. Fertigro® showed similar plant growth and nutrient uptake to the mineral S and N positive controls, while the addition of straw ash demonstrated similar K recovery as that observed for the mineral K positive control. The mixture of Fertigro® with manure co-digested with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste and ash was outstanding among the waste-based fertilisers in terms of amount of N, K and S supplied for plant uptake. However, further efforts are needed to confirm these benefits under field conditions.

An investigation on agricultural wastes as soil stabilizers

The primary purpose of our study is to boost the compressive strength of expansive soil in the Chennai region by incorporating BAGASSE ASH and RICE STRAW ASH as additives to increase the soil's stability and decrease its swelling. This will enable us to reach our primary goal of boosting the compressive strength of expanding soil in the region. One of our objectives was to increase the compressive strength of expansive soil, and this will assist us achieve that objective. A series of distinct experiments are conducted, with each utilising a different section of the expanding soil. Expansive soil is considered a potential natural hazard since it can cause considerable damage to buildings and other structures if not treated appropriately. If this issue is not resolved, there is a greater chance that damage will occur. Lime, fly ash, rice husk ash, corn stalk ash, and various other forms of ash were among the numerous components utilised in the stabilisation of the soil. Other constituents were maize stalk ash, rice husk ash, and further forms of ash. The percentages of BA and SA in the soil sample utilised for the experiment were 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. These numbers were utilised during the study. The primary objective of this project is to conduct a comparative analysis of BA and SA to assess their combined strength with a soil sample. This will be accomplished by contrasting and comparing the outcomes of various analyses. When varying amounts of BA and SA were added to the mixture, the tests revealed that both the maximum dry density and the optimal moisture content increased. This was the case regardless of the BA and SA amounts utilised. It is proved that the soil condition would improve if the optimal mixture of 2% BA and 1% SA were applied. This suggests that the SA is capable of achieving a higher level of stability than the BA. According to the findings of this study, it is possible that it may be utilised effectively for the purpose of soil stabilisation, and as a consequence, both the desired level of quality and the desired level of economy might be attained.

Effects of teff straw ash on the mechanical and microstructural properties of ambient cured fly ash-based geopolymer mortar for onsite applications

Although geopolymer cement (GPC) is a substitute for Portland cement, its application is restricted due to the need for high-temperature curing (40–90 °C), which makes it challenging to utilise for onsite applications. To address this issue, the current study examined the potential of substituting fly ash (FA) with teff straw ash (TSA) in geopolymer mortars cured at ambient temperature. The findings revealed that substituting FA with TSA can eliminate the need for high-temperature curing, and the compressive strengths of FA-TSA-based geopolymer mortar mixtures cured for 28 days ranged from 45 to 53 MPa. Further, increasing the TSA content enhanced the mortar's flexural and direct tensile strengths. A teff straw ash level of 10% increased compressive, flexural, and direct tensile strengths by 40%, 59%, and 30% at 28 days, respectively. Furthermore, the mineralogical phases of the mortar after 28 days confirmed the presence of gismondine coexisting with other phases, and microstructural analysis indicates that the inclusion of TSA resulted in a denser structure. These findings suggest that TSA could be a potential substitute for FA in GPC applications to lower energy usage and environmental impact.

Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced sustainable concrete modified with silica fume and wheat straw ash

Developing ultra-high fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) demands an immense quantity of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Using a high percentage of cement in UHPFRC leads to uneconomic concrete and significant release of CO2 into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is critical to address this issue by substituting the part of cement with a sustainable material. The current research has tried to tackle this issue by assessing the impact of adding wheat straw ash (WSA) and silica fume (SF) as a partial substitute of cement on the properties of UHPFRC on the static and dynamic compressive strength test, among other strength and durability characteristics. Two different batches of mixes were developed. The OPC was substituted for up to 40% in the first batch, with combined WSA plus SF at 10% intervals. In the second batch, OPC was replaced up to 40% with only WSA at an interval of 10%. Polypropylene fibers (PPFs) at 2% (by vol.) were added to modified samples to improve the ductility of concrete. The dynamic compression strength was evaluated utilizing a Split Hopkinson pressure bar, and quasi-static compression strength was determined using the compression machine. Moreover, splitting and flexural strength were also assessed, and water permeability and sorptivity tests were carried out for durability. The test outcome showed that the sample with 15% WSA plus 15% SF had higher compressive strength (174.8 MPa at 90 days) and improved durability than the sample with only 30% WSA (170.2 MPa at 90 days) and the control sample. The assessed properties tend to decline at 40% of WSA and 20% WSA with 20% SF. In dynamic compression strength, it was observed that the WSA and SF, and fibers samples performed similarly to the control sample, and these modified samples were not sensitive to strain rates. Adding 15% plus 15% SF had an optimal effect in improving the durability properties of UHPFRC. Also, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirms the role of WSA and SF in densifying the matrix of UHPFRC, decreasing the porous pores and amount of calcium-hydroxide and developing additional gels of calcium-silicate-hydrate, which enhances the strength and durability of UHPFRC. The current study revealed that the modified samples (with WSA and SF) had a low embedded CO2 for the sustainability features compared to the control sample.

Rice Straw Biochar is More Beneficial to Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation and Stabilization than Rice Straw and Rice Straw Ash

Rice Straw Biochar is More Beneficial to Soil Organic Carbon Accumulation and Stabilization than Rice Straw and Rice Straw Ash

Qualitative and quantitative analysis for Cd2+ removal mechanisms by biochar composites from co-pyrolysis of corn straw and fly ash

Removal of heavy metals (e.g., Cd) from contaminated water using waste-converted adsorbents is promising, but the efficiency still needs to be improved. Here, we prepared a functional biochar composite as novel Cd adsorbents by co-pyrolysis of two typical solid wastes, i.e., agricultural corn straw and industrial fly ash. The adsorption behavior and mechanism were investigated using batch and column adsorption experiments and modern characterization techniques. Results showed that alkali-modified fly ash (AMFA) was loaded onto the surface of the corn straw biochar as some fine particle forms, with quartz (SiO2) and silicate being the main mineral phases on the surface. The maximum sorption capacity fitted by Langmuir model for functionalized biochar composite (FBC700) was up to 137.1 mg g−1, which was 7.7 times higher than that of the original corn straw biochar (BC700). Spectroscopic analysis revealed that adsorption mechanisms of Cd onto the FBC700 included mainly precipitation and ion exchange, with complexation and Cd-π interaction also contributing. The AMFA could effectively improve the mineral precipitation with Cd. The adsorption columns filled with FBC700 exhibited a longer breakthrough time than that filled with BC700. The adsorption capacity calculated by Thomas model for FBC700 was also approximately 6.0 times higher than that for BC700, showing that FBC700 was more suited to practical applications. This study provided a novel perspective for recycling solid wastes and treating Cd-contaminated water.

Improving attrition resistance of oxygen carriers by biomass ash in chemical looping process

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) relies on cyclic circulation of oxygen carriers (OCs) between fuel reactor and air reactor to transfer lattice oxygen and heat. OCs’ attrition is an important issue hindering large scale application of CLC technology. Attrition is caused by cracks and abrasion, and method to stop crack propagation is an effective way to mitigate attrition. Biomass ash contains inert and alkali metal components, and it may have the potential to increase the reactivity and reinforce the skeleton structure of OCs. The effects of rape straw ash, corn straw ash and bagasse ash on the reactivity, cumulative attrition rate of red mud OCs were evaluated, and their effects on skeleton structure were analyzed, and finally, the strengthening mechanism of OCs skeleton structure was proposed. The results showed that the rape straw ash rich in K and Ca components promoted the reactivity of OCs. Although the Si-rich bagasse ash decreased the reactivity of OCs, it improved the attrition resistance of OCs. Corn straw ash rich in K and Si components was an effective skeleton strengthening material, which improved both the reactivity and the attrition resistance. The cumulative attrition rate of red mud was 2.74%, and the cumulative attrition rate of CSA sample was 0.35%, which was 87.32% lower than that of OC sample, indicating fine attrition resistance. The fiber structure could strengthen the skeleton of OC, therefore, decreasing attrition rate.

Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of ball milled biomass fly ash/biochar composites for the adsorption of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution

In this study, the biomass fly ash/biochar composite (BFA-Biochar) was effectively prepared using wheat straw and biomass fly ash by eco-friendly ball-milling method. The BFA-Biochar was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacity of BFA-Biochar was considerably enhanced (Langmuir Qmax of 854.75 mg/g at 318 K), and showed high adsorption performance during wide pH value (pH 4–10). In addition, the MB adsorption capacity of BM-Biochar was two folds higher than raw biochar. It was found that the Pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics and Freundlich isotherm model accurately described the adsorption process. Thermo-dynamical parameters (ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo) indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the MB adsorption process. The increased electronic attraction and surface function were the main mechanisms of MB adsorption on BFA-Biochar. Therefore, BFA-Biochar can be used as environmentally friendly and effective adsorbents for MB dye removal from aqueous solutions.

Facile production of highly active rice straw bioadsorbent to remove Cu in wastewater

A bioadsorbent with a high specific surface area and high content of oxygen-containing functional groups was prepared from silica depleted rice straw ash (SDRSA). The starting material was a by-product of rice straw after alkoxysilane extraction. The maximum adsorption capacity of SDRSA for copper ions was 26.7 mg/g, which was higher than previously reported biomass adsorbents. The effects of adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and other conditions on the adsorption performance of SDRSA on Cu2+ were investigated. The adsorption process of Cu2+ on SDRSA was well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The physicochemical properties and adsorption mechanism of SDRSA were investigated by specific surface area testing (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Boehm titration methods. Electrostatic interaction, complexation, ion exchange, and precipitation are the possible Cu2+ removal mechanisms. The preparation method requires only simple washing and drying, and the alcohol can be distilled and recycled. Thus, SDRSA is very low cost and convenient to prepare in large quantities. This work presents a novel approach to optimize adsorbent production to mitigate heavy metal pollution.

Correction to: Effect of Magnesiothermic Heating Time on the Phase and Colour Emission of Si Nanocomposites Derived from Rice Straw Ash Prepared by the Sol–gel Method

Correction to: Effect of Magnesiothermic Heating Time on the Phase and Colour Emission of Si Nanocomposites Derived from Rice Straw Ash Prepared by the Sol–gel Method

Co-production of spirosiloxane and biochar adsorbent from wheat straw by a low-cost and environment-friendly method

To enhance the value of wheat straw derivatives, wheat straw ash (WSA) was used as a reactant for the first time to synthesize spirocyclic alkoxysilane, an important organosilicon raw material, using an energy-saving and environmentally friendly non-carbon thermal reduction method. After spirocyclic alkoxysilane extraction, the biochar in the wheat straw ash prepared an adsorbent for Cu2+. The maximum copper ion adsorption capacity (Qm) of silica-depleted wheat straw ash (SDWSA) was 31.431nullmg/g, far exceeding those of WSA and similar biomass adsorbents. The effects of the pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time on the adsorption behaviour of the SDWSA for Cu2+ adsorption were systematically investigated. The adsorption mechanism of Cu2+ by the SDWSA was investigated using the Langmuir, Freundlich, pseudo-first-order kinetic, pseudo-second-order kinetic, and Weber and Morris models by combining the preliminary experimental data and characterization results. The adsorption isotherm and Langmuir equation matched perfectly. The Weber and Morris model can describe the mass-transfer mechanism of Cu2+ adsorption by SDWSA. Both film and intraparticle diffusion are rapid control steps. Compared to WSA, SDWSA has a larger specific surface area and a higher content of oxygen-containing functional groups. A large specific surface area provides more adsorption sites. Oxygen-containing functional groups react with Cu2+ through electrostatic interactions, surface complexation, and ion exchange, which are the possible adsorption mechanisms for SDWSA. These methods improve the added value of wheat straw derivatives and promote wheat straw ash recovery and centralized treatment. This makes it possible to use the thermal energy of wheat straw and facilitates the treatment of exhaust gases and carbon capture.

Influence of Sugar Cane Straw Ash in Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of Alkali-Activated Materials Based on Red Clay Brick Waste

Influence of Sugar Cane Straw Ash in Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of Alkali-Activated Materials Based on Red Clay Brick Waste

Modeling and optimization of asphalt content, waste palm oil clinker powder and waste rice straw ash for sustainable asphalt paving employing response surface methodology: A pilot study

Waste management is becoming increasingly important around the world, and incorporating agro-waste into the pavement industry represents a promising strategy for achieving sustainability while improving mixture properties. In this study, we optimize and determine the optimum asphalt binder content of asphalt concrete mixtures modified with waste palm oil clinker powder (WPOCP) and waste rice straw ash (WRSA) to improve their engineering properties. To optimize the interactions between three independent variables (asphalt binder, WPOCP, and WRSA content) on mixture bulk unit weight (BUW), void in the total mix (VTM), Marshall stability, and flow values, the Marshall mix design approach and response surface methodology (RSM) with a Box-Behnken design were used. WPOCP samples containing 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% by weight of asphalt mixtures were prepared, as were WRSA samples containing 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by weight of filler, with asphalt binder content ranging from 4 to 6% by weight of the mix. The statistical model results show that all responses were significant, with high coefficients of correlation (R2) of 0.9840, 0.9971, 0.9920, and 0.9891 for the BUW, VTM, Marshall stability, and flow, respectively. Individual effects of the input variables and synergistic interactions between the three variables were observed to influence all of the responses. Numerical optimization produced optimum WPOCP, WRSA, and asphalt content values of 8%, 74%, and 5%, respectively. The mean error for all responses was less than 5%, indicating that predicted values agree well with experimental data and that generated models accurately reflect experimental results. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that RSM is an effective method for determining the optimal asphalt binder and modifier content in asphalt mixtures. It enables the identification of the most important variables influencing the response of the asphalt mixture and enables mixture optimization for improved performance. Furthermore, incorporating WPOCP and WRSA into asphalt mixtures was found to improve both volumetric and Marshall properties, resulting in a more sustainable approach in the pavement industry.

Effect of Magnesiothermic Heating Time on the Phase and Colour Emission of Si Nanocomposites Derived from Rice Straw Ash Prepared by the Sol–gel Method

Effect of Magnesiothermic Heating Time on the Phase and Colour Emission of Si Nanocomposites Derived from Rice Straw Ash Prepared by the Sol–gel Method

Evolution mechanism of mechanical properties of cemented tailings backfill with partial replacement of cement by rice straw ash at different binder content

This research explored the effect of rice straw ash (RSA) on the mechanical properties of cemented tailings backfill (CTB) under different binder content. For this purpose, cemented tailings backfill with rice straw ash (RSACTB) with different binder content was prepared using RSA as a binder for partially replacing cement, and consequently its mechanical properties and microstructure evolution were investigated. The results showed that: (1) The binder content had a positive correlation with the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile strength (ITS) of CTB. (2) The UCS and ITS of CTB were strengthened by RSA, however, critical values of binder content were observed, with the average critical value of binder content of the UCS and ITS being 7.99 and 8.50 wt%, respectively. Additionally, with curing time of 28 d, the greatest increases of UCS and ITS were 31.03 and 20.22%, respectively. (3) When the binder content was greater than the critical value, RSACTB had lower porosity compared with control CTB, the elastic modulus increased, the peak strain decreased. (4) RSA exerted a beneficial effect on the shear performance of CTB, and its cohesion was obviously enhanced when the binder content was greater than the critical value. (5) RSA promoted the consumption of calcium hydroxide and generated additional hydrated calcium silicate gels, the microstructure was refined. Further, RSA can fill the pores of RSACTB and contribute to the strength improvement. Thus, the research results are expected to provide a theoretical and technological foundation for the utilization of RSA in mine filling under different binder content.