Optimal node localization is a key area of research focused on enhancing energy efficiency and data transmission accuracy within Internet of Things (IoT)-assisted Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Despite advancements in localization methodologies, the field encounters significant challenges, including adapting to dynamic environmental conditions, managing energy constraints, and ensuring scalability across various network topologies. This survey provides a systematic review of around 30 research articles, focusing on the techniques used, challenges faced, and outcomes achieved in node localization for WSNs. By critically examining existing methods such as clustering, routing, and hybrid optimization approaches often integrated with machine learning this research highlights each strategy's strengths and limitations, providing insights into their applicability and effectiveness in real-world scenarios. Ultimately, the survey aims to guide future research toward developing more robust, adaptable, and energy-efficient localization solutions, contributing to enhanced network performance and prolonged sensor lifetimes in IoT-integrated WSN environments.
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