Community Development Strategies Research Articles

Residents’ perception of the influence of luxury chain hotels on ethnic tourism communities

ABSTRACTDespite considerable discussion on how resident perceptions impact on current tourism development, there is little evidence that this discussion has any impact on the factors that contribute to tourism’s presence. This paper reports on action research which was aimed at identifying what impacts host residents do perceive regarding luxury hotel development in ethnic destinations in China, and how they comment on such impacts when trying to use luxury hotels effectively in a sustainable development strategy for destination communities. Based on ethnographic interviews with Tibetan residents who live in a village near the Songtsam Shangri-la MGallery Collection operated by Accor in YunNan province, China, the study highlights the important issues in economic, sociocultural and environmental impacts as seen by those residents. These included unfair economic profit sharing, double-edged perception of luxury hotels and local livelihood, potential concerns about their religious beliefs and improving the status of women, and over-optimism about the possible negative influences on local environment, daily life, and the traditional consciousness of environmental preservation. The management implications for both local tourism authorities and hotel practitioners are discussed as well as the limitations of the research and the paper makes suggestions for future studies.

Threats and lessons learned from past orangutan conservation strategies in Sarawak, Malaysia

In 2015, the Sarawak Government made a public pledge to stop illegal logging in the State, to create more national parks, and to move towards a zero-loss policy of orangutans and their habitats in Sarawak. Conservationists welcomed this policy in view that threat level for the Bornean orangutans under the IUCN Red List has been upgraded to Critically Endangered in 2016. The main threats to orangutan survival include habitat degradation and forest loss which is rapidly driven by large-scale development of unsustainable land-use change. The cultural taboo against orangutan hunting is slowly eroding with evidence of the species being killed in vulnerable areas. We discussed shortfalls of conservation responses in the past 60 years in Sarawak which included unknown rate of illegal orangutan killings, inadequate law enforcement, and incomprehensive community development strategies. The recommendations to address these shortfalls then include: a) inter-agency collaboration for orangutan population monitoring, b) technological application and intelligence networks to intensify enforcement strategies, c) alternative community livelihood development and self-enforcement, and d) increased public support for conservation policies. The implementation of the zero-loss policy is anticipated to emphasize the needs for orangutan protection amid rapid development plans around critical habitats.

The power of participatory story mapping: Advancing equitable development in disadvantaged neighbourhoods

Abstract Community developers and planners have long recognized the value of storytelling to engage communities. Yet, in working with disadvantaged communities, they are often challenged to meaningfully engage residents and uncover place values that can help drive community development strategies. In a case study of Langley Park, Maryland, a neighborhood comprised of largely low-income Latino immigrants facing potential displacement from a new transit line, this article investigates the potential of new story mapping techniques and technologies to assist communities in leveraging everyday place meanings and values to advance greater equity in the process of neighborhood redevelopment. It demonstrates how participatory story mapping can empower traditionally marginalized voices and encourage more complex place narratives within community development and planning.

Features of forming of local educational policy in the consolidated territorial communities of the Carpathian region

In the article the features of formation of the educational policy at the level of the consolidated territorial communities (CTCs) are examined. The article emphasizes that decentralization of powers gives local governments the opportunity to formulate the development of the educational policy independently at their territory. The competences received by local government bodies make it possible to focus on solving the most urgent problems of the community. The problems encountered by local government bodies during the realizations of their functions are outlined. The following problems are identified as the major ones: lack of sufficient financial resources for the maintenance of educational institutions; unregulated budgetary relations between different CTCs; lack of a strategic vision for the development of the education system, and preschool in particular, in the community. The analysis of each of these problems is carried out; however, the main attention is paid to the necessity of formation of thoughtful educational policy. The strategic development planning of the education system becomes the basis of the local educational policy for the consolidated territorial communities. The main blocks in the development of the education system by local government bodies are identified and divided into obligatory and additional. The article shows that the communities of Carpathian region are not yet ready for the effective development of the education system. The process of formation of education development plans in the consolidated territorial communities is revealed to be taking place after or along with the development of community development strategy. The basic indicators the local government bodies plan to work on to improve the functioning of the education system are analyzed. The problems the communities will work on to improve the quality of education are highlighted. The problems and risks faced by local government bodies in the implementing of their powers in field of education are identified.

Collaborative community development in mining regions: The Calama Plus and Creo Antofagasta programs in Chile

The mining industry is widely criticized for its corporate community development strategies, which led to accusations of greenwash and low social legitimacy. This problem identified led to the following research question: What model of community relations allows companies to generate shared value, in a broad sense, and create long-term relationships with communities? In order to answer the question posed, this paper explores the innovative experiences of the Calama Plus and Creo Antofagasta programs in the Antofagasta region of Chile. Calama Plus is an ongoing public-private program (2012–2025) established to combat declining standards of living in the city. Creo Antofagasta is also an ongoing public-private program (2013–2035), which is designed to confront the challenges of rapid growth in the city. Based on these two case studies, their underlying model (i.e., the collaborative community development model) was systematized for this study. The main innovative aspects of the model are its focus on the long-term, its concentration on territory- oriented projects, and its multi-stakeholder governance structure. The latter characteristic implies a collaboration between several companies and even between competitors. Drawing on a collaborative governance framework, the aim of this paper is to extensively describe the companies’ perspective on the following: the innovative aspects of the model, the drivers required for companies to participate, how companies can specifically contribute to these programs, and its critical management issues. New drivers and critical management issues are identified and discussed in this research, which represent a contribution to the collaborative governance framework.Since the Calama Plus and Creo Antofagasta programs’ focus is long-term, ending in 2025 and 2035 respectively, their impact has not been evaluated. For this reason, we include a discussion on the cumulative impact assessment perspective needed for these collaborative community development programs, placing particular attention on the controversial relationship between mining and local development. This approach is based on the assessment of cross-sector partnership results, its impact on the balance of social, environmental and economic capitals, and on the creation of broadly shared value in terms of long-term socio-economic capability building. Finally, policy implications and the potential for applying this model to other contexts are also discussed.

A conceptual framework of tourism social entrepreneurship for sustainable community development

Abstract The continuous search for responsible and sustainable practices in the tourism industry paves the way for alternative approaches to tourism development. Often, local communities are at the foreground of these innovative tourism entrepreneurship and development strategies. The emergence of social enterprises operating in tourism refocuses the agenda of engaging and developing disadvantaged and underdeveloped communities sustainably through the industry. Tourism social entrepreneurship (TSE) is suggested as a market-based strategy to address social problems whilst maximising the benefits and minimising the negative consequences that tourism may provide to host communities. To date, there is limited understanding of how TSE can be a catalyst for sustainable community development. The purpose of this paper is to address this gap in knowledge by conceptualising TSE as a more holistic strategy for sustainable community development. By critically analysing the literature, this paper situates TSE within and for community development. A conceptual framework that incorporates community development concepts, generic social entrepreneurship and TSE principles, and community capitals perspectives, is proposed. This conceptual paper contributes to the emerging literature on TSE and may assist the actors in the TSE system as they establish new community-centric social enterprises.

Community Development, Creativity and Tourism in Creating Social Welfare: Case Study of Saung Angklung Udjo, Bandung, West Java

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Impact and Benefit Agreement (IBA) Revenue Allocation Strategies for Indigenous Community Development

The Northern Review 47 (2018): 9–29This article analyzes the diff erent modes of resource revenue distribution and their impacts on Indigenous communities and sustainable development. After a literature review of the diff erent distribution models and their positive and negative impacts for communities, we assess each model’s level of sustainability. In the second section, we present the results of a survey and follow-up interviews conducted with twenty-one representatives of the forty-two Canadian First Nations that had signed an Impact and Benefit Agreement by 2016. In most surveyed communities, the trust funds are directly managed by the political authority thus providing no insulation from political influence. The survey also shows that some Indigenous communities are investing in programs that should be funded by the federal and provincial or territorial governments, which attests to the chronic lack of investment in Indigenous communities in Canada. Finally, whatever the choice of distribution mode, in order to foster sustainable development communities need to ensure that the lost natural capital—both non-renewable resources depletion and the environmental damage created by the operations—will be replaced for future generations.

Mangrove Ecotourism Development on Kakaralamo Island North Halmahera: Community perception, participation and development strategies

Kakaralamo is one of small islands cluster at Tobelo, North Halmahera, Indonesia. Kakaralamo also a famous local tourist destinations, with white sandy beaches. There was one village there, namely Kakara. It was also an Indigenous village, which steeped in culture of Hibualamo. Moreover, there also a mangrove ecosystem that due to errors in management has been degraded. This research aims to develop the potential of mangrove ecosystems in supporting ecotourism activities on Kakaralamo, seeking to determine the feasibility of the mangrove ecosystem as an ecotourism, and to know perception and participation of the local communities for mangroves ecotourism development on Kakaralamo. We analyze the socio-economic, accessibility, as well as descriptive-qualitative analysis to determine the perception and participation of the community. Based on the results before (part 1), physically Kakaralamo could support Ecotourism, where the calculation of Tourism Feasibility Index (TFI) based on the identification of seven parameters at three stations, reached 90%. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of percepti on and public participation related to tourism development on the island mangrove Kakaralamo showed positive results reached 63.78%, which means that the public supports such efforts. Seven directions and development strategies formulated for it. There are (1)encourage regional governments to make detailed spatial plan of coastal and small islands in North Halmahera, (2)improve the quality of human resources to manage the potential of mangrove ecotourism, (3)increasing active participation of the community in community-based management of mangrove ecotourism, (4)socialization of legislation and law enforcement related to the protection of natural resources, including mangroves, (5)protection and rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems and associated biota in it and formulate alternative livelihoods for communities to reduce the rate of destruction of mangrove forests by the community, (6)develop an integrated mangrove ecotourism development plan on Kakaralamo, and (7)conduct information sessions for the community to preserve the mangrove ecosystem.

Social capital as the missing link in community development planning process in Africa: lessons from Ghana

Conventional community development strategies have focused on the importance of physical, natural, financial, and human capitals. In spite of the emphasis on these in the pursuit of development, a number of community development problems persist. Given the huge evidence that social capital matters in community development efforts, it appears that the missing link in community development is social capital. Yet this has not been adequately explored. This paper explores the role of social capital in the community development planning process. Comparative case study design was used. Two rural communities were selected from the Ejisu-Juaben Municipal Area for in-depth study. Interviews were conducted with the principal and assistant Municipal Planning officers and two Principal Community Development Officers from the Municipal Assemblies and the traditional leaders of both communities. Assembly members were used as key informants. Focus group discussions were held with community groups. Forty respondents were randomly selected at the household level and interviewed. The analysis focused on social networks, trust, civic engagement and social norms. It was found that social capital could facilitate the community development planning process by promoting the participation of community members in community activities, increase their ability to work together and engender overall development. There is a correlation between community development and the level of social capital. The paper recommends that development planning at the sub-national levels can be more responsive if it utilizes networks and social ties in the preparation and implementation of plans.Keywords: Social Capital, Development, Planning, Ghana, Participation

The power of human agency: successful community development strategies in Norway’s rural northern margins

The power of human agency: successful community development strategies in Norway’s rural northern margins

Theatre and sustainable territorial communities: A case study in Northern Portugal

To consider culture as the fourth pillar of sustainability implies new intellectual and political debate at both the theoretical and the empirical level, revisiting knowledge already established within economics and the sociology of development on the centrality of culture as a framework, a resource and a strategy for local and community development. When considered in the context of rural sustainability, rural territories pose specific problems. On the one hand, demographic and socioeconomic imbalances represent hard restrictions on the ways that resources and agents can be mobilized as part of development processes. On the other hand, the richness of material and non-material heritage, the vividness of oral traditions, a strong sense of community and cultural identity, are important local assets that can be transformed into effective instruments for development via appropriate policies and programs.This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities for applying culture as an instrument of rural sustainability by exploring the specific case study example of a long-term artistic and cultural intervention project in Northern Portugal. The project involves a professional theatre troupe delivering performance-based, creative and educational activities within a number of rural communities. The project is itself a partnership between a group of professional artists and five municipalities in Northern Portugal; its aim is to use the rich non-material local heritage as a basis for collective involvement in a sustainable culture-driven development strategy. The paper traces the evolution of the project over a 10 year period since its inception in 2004 and reveals empirically the ways in which it has impacted upon local development, highlighting the potential of culture as an instrument in rural sustainability.

The elephant (head) in the room: A critical look at trophy hunting

AbstractTrophy hunting has occupied a prominent position in recent scholarly literature and popular media. In the scientific conservation literature, researchers are generally supportive of or sympathetic to its usage as a source of monetary support for conservation. Although authors at times acknowledge that trophy hunting faces strong opposition from many members of the public, often for unspecified reasons associated with ethics, neither the nature nor the implications of these ethical concerns have been substantively addressed. We identify the central act of wildlife “trophy” taking as a potential source of ethical discomfort and public opposition. We highlight that trophy hunting entails a hunter paying a fee to kill an animal and claim its body or body parts as a trophy of conquest. Situating this practice in a Western cultural narrative of chauvinism, colonialism, and anthropocentrism, we argue trophy hunting is morally inappropriate. We suggest alternative strategies for conservation and community development should be explored and decisively ruled out as viable sources of support before the conservation community endorses trophy hunting. If wildlife conservation is broadly and inescapably dependent on the institution of trophy hunting, conservationists should accept the practice only with a due appreciation of tragedy, and proper remorse.

SISTEM INFORMASI PROGRAM CSR BIDANG PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT DI MALANG

Research on information systems education CSR programs as community development efforts on the Hapless was carried out with the aim of identifying characteristics of recipients offunding programs, community access capability mengentahui against the program, identifying the components of the information system of funding programs that subsequently is used as information to devisestrategies for community development. The data obtained by questionnaire andinterviews to spread the recipient Fund programme and Fund Manager at Universities in Malang. Further data were analyzed with a qualitative approach. The results showed that in general the sources of funding programs can be groupedinto three, from the Government, private companies and public companies. So, effective access to information to obtain scholarshipsmore sourced information traditionally. While the funding of information system components include a set of inputs, processes and outputs. So far this programutilization varies as to support skill development study costs, as well as to the cost of living. Based on the SWOT analysis can be formulated the strategy of community development through the establishment of PPM-Entrepreneurship in each area with the direct involvement of the recipient of the funding program.

Healthy End of Life Project (HELP): a progress report on implementing community guidance on public health palliative care initiatives in Australia.

Contemporary end of life care policies propose increasing community capacity by developing sustainable skills, policies, structures, and resources to support members of a community in caring for each other at the end of life. Public health approaches to palliative care provide strategies to bring this about. Practical implementation can however be ineffective, principally due to failures to grasp the systemic nature of public health interventions, or to ensure that programs are managed and owned by community members, not the professionals who may have introduced them. This article outlines a comprehensive community development project that identifies local end of life needs and meets them through the efficient use of community resources. The project is the product of a three-phase enquiry. The first phase, carried out in a local community, examined carers' experiences of home-based dying, the networks that supported them during care, and broader community networks with the potential to extend care. Data were collected through in-depth research interviews, focus groups and consultation with a community research reference group. Findings were key issues to be targeted by a local community development strategy. In the second phase, these local findings were compared with other practice accounts to identify themes common to many contexts. A public health palliative care framework was then used to produce an evidence-informed community development model for end of life care. The third phase involves implementing and evaluating this model in different Australian contexts. A major theme emerging in phase one of the enquiry was the reluctance of carers to ask for, or even accept, offers of help from family, friends and community networks despite their evident need for support while providing end of life care at home. Others' willingness to provide support was thus hindered by uncertainty about what to offer, and concern about infringing on people's privacy. To develop community capacity for providing end of life care, these social norms need to change. Phase two brought public health strategies to bear on the themes identified in phase one to develop the Healthy End of Life Project (HELP), a strengths-based sustainable community development project. This provides evidence-based and research-informed resources that equip communities to work cooperatively with carers, family, friends and neighbors in support of residents wishing to receive end-of-life care in their home or a community setting. Services may initiate use of the framework, and will share their expertise on health and death matters, but communities are the experts to lead implementation in their local area. The third part of the article outlines current initiatives to implement and evaluate HELP in several Australian contexts. The substantive outcome of this enquiry is the 'Healthy End of Life Project (HELP); offering and providing, asking and accepting help'.

Not ‘radical’, but not ‘kailyard’ either: The Paisley Community Development Project reconsidered

AbstractAccounts of the Community Development Projects (CDPs) that ran as experimental interventions in twelve deprived UK localities in the 1970s concentrate on those projects identified as ‘radical’. Focusing on the often-neglected history of Paisley’s CDP, this article extends recent critical re-evaluations of how CDPs have been characterized. Ferguslie Park in Paisley was the most disadvantaged of the CDP areas on several criteria, and the only CDP to be based in an outer-urban area, as well as being distinct in further ways. This influenced how the CDP team devised its community development strategy, which is misunderstood when treated as embodying a parochial ‘kailyard’ mentality. Paisley’s CDP has continuing relevance to debates about area-based policy and public involvement in research as they are rehearsed in new contexts.

Strategy community development based on local resources

The problem of progressing regions is not far from economic problems and is often caused by the inability of the regions in response to changes in economic conditions that occur, so the need for community development programs implemented to solve various problems. Improved community effort required with the real conditions and needs of each region. Community development based on local resources process is very important, because it is an increase in human resource capability in the optimal utilization of local resource potential. In this case a strategy is needed in community development based on local resources. The community development strategy are as follows:(1) “Eight Line Equalization Plus” which explains the urgency of rural industrialization, (2) the construction of the village will be more successful when combining strategies are tailored to regional conditions, (3) the escort are positioning themselves as the Planner, supervisor, information giver, motivator, facilitator, connecting at once evaluators.

Emerging Strategies for Sustaining San Francisco's Diverse Heritage

San Francisco's continued economic boom threatens to displace much of its culturally diverse population, including LGBTQ residents who have made the city a center of the national and international struggle for civil rights and equitable treatment. Queer activists and their preservation allies have worked together to apply several new cultural preservation strategies to help LGBTQ people maintain their place in the city and preserve their significant local cultural heritage. This article examines three particular strategies – the Legacy Business Program, a Citywide LGBTQ Cultural Heritage Strategy, and a series of Cultural Districts – to consider their effectiveness in preserving the tangible remains of LGBTQ heritage and sustaining contemporary queer culture in an increasingly unaffordable city. The analysis yields several recommendations for advocates of preserving LGBTQ culture in rapidly-changing, high cost communities: develop tools that move beyond traditional preservation methods to capture the intangible aspects of culture; act at a citywide scale and in a manner that includes the broad range of LGBTQ practices and perspectives; integrate economic and community development strategies into standard preservation methods; and recognize the salience of identities other than and in addition to queer as part of an intersectional approach to sustaining the city's diverse cultural heritage.

ЕФЕКТИВНЕ УПРАВЛІННЯ КОМУНАЛЬНОЮ ВЛАСНІСТЮ ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ ГРОМАДИ

The article focuses on such a direction of research as property management of territorial communities. The approach to the management of communal property strengthens the capacity of the territorial community, allows to make the work of local governments more predictable, aimed not only at ensuring social stability, but also at sustainable and balanced development. This contributes to increasing the investment attractiveness of the local community, improving the climate for the creation and development of high quality public services and business in the area. The problems of providing financial resources to the needs of territorial communities, which always attract the attention of politicians, scientists, practitioners and the public, are considered. After all, there are many contradictions in the legal field, characterized by insufficient interaction of local governments with civil society institutions, there is a high level of subsidies for local budgets and so on. The availability of sufficient resources in local budgets is a guarantee that the local community has the opportunity to provide better and more diverse services to residents, implement social and infrastructure projects, create conditions for business development, attract investment capital, develop local development programs and finance other activities to improve living conditions of community residents. Therefore, based on the above, it is possible to state the fact that territorial communities need to implement a system of effective property management. This system can be implemented in various documents, or included in the section of the Territorial Community Development Strategy, or approved as a separate Property Management Program. It was found that one of the important documents for determining the prospects of economic development and attracting potential investors (grantors) to the community is the investment passport of the local community. An investment passport is a comprehensive information marketing document designed for potential investors, which provides a brief description of the area with detailed information about the resources available in the community. The proposed approaches will provide an objective assessment of the state of asset management in the community and develop a realistic program for its further implementation in partner communities.

‘It is not only an artist village, it is much more than that’1. The binding and dividing effects of the arts on a community

Abstract The value of ‘the arts’ in community development is increasingly being recognized. This paper contributes to emerging insights on the various impacts of the arts on communities by highlighting when and how they can have binding and dividing effects on a community. We draw on a participatory research project conducted in Pingjum, a village in the Netherlands that hosts many cultural activities and in which many artists live. We discuss how the arts in Pingjum influence the community in the village. In our discussion, we pay attention to the sense of community that the arts generate, the meeting opportunities they provide and how the community is engaged by some artists. Our study shows that the influence of the arts is context-dependent, with the arts having both binding and dividing effects on the community in Pingjum. In terms of the value of the arts for community development, we emphasize three key issues: that the arts (i) do not have only advantages for a community; (ii) do not engage the entire community; and (iii) could potentially contribute to community fragmentation. Given these issues, we argue that the arts should be considered as one of several supportive means in community development processes. Ideally, they are integrated into a wider community development strategy and planning, and exist alongside other associations and activities in a community. In this way, the arts can contribute to the robustness of a community and assist it in developing the capacity and resources to flourish.