Discourse Strategies Research Articles

Persuasion strategies in the KRG health discourse.

The act has of Persuasion has existed since ancient times. At every stage of life, People have tried to Persuade others in various techniques and methods .This process, has covered all areas of life and continues. The producer of discourse requires technique, expertise and skill to convince the other person. Of course, this is done through language, so during the outbreak of the coronavirus, speakers were trying to convince people to follow convince people to follow the health guidelines. Because health discourse is directly related to the life of every individual in society, it is duty of the government and authorities to protect society and prevent the spread of any disease. Therefore, during the outbreak of this global epidemic around the world and Kurdistan, especially the discourses were devoted to the health and prevention of citizens. Because if health discourse is controlled by scientific opinion, it is in terms of social reality and the types of choices of methods and descriptions by which the virus is known, It is not controlled by the speakers, because each uses a persuasive method to convey his intention.

Inter-textualization of David Hawkes’ Translation Notes and The Translated Text of The Story of the Stone

Intertextuality as a literary discourse strategy is used to create an interrelationship between texts and generate related understanding in separate works. The classic Chinese novel Hongloumeng, widely acclaimed as the epitome of Chinese literature, is well known for its complex plot, linguistic complexities and philosophical allusions. British born sinologist David Hawkes, in an ultimate fusion of exquisite Chinese scholarship and profound understanding of both Chinese and Western literary canons, created an astounding new text that reincarnates Cao’s Hongloumeng in The Story of the Stone. While the success of Hawkes’ translation has largely been attributed to his profound knowledge and linguistic ability, the role played by his translation notebook has almost been glossed over, with most research activities on the English translation of the eighteenth century classic confined to the traditional source text-target text binary approach. This paper applies methodologies from literary studies to examine the interplay between Hawkes’ translation notes and the translated text. The study argues that besides Hawkes’ linguist skills and wide scholarship, his translation notes played a fundamental role in his exceptional English rendition of Cao Xueqin’s magnum opus. This is a case study that seeks to further highlight the importance of extratextual material in the systematic investigation and understanding of translational activity.

Exploration of Moroccan EFL University Students’ Retrospective Knowledge of Cognitive and Metacognitive Reading Strategies in Processing Advanced-level Written Discourse in English

Based on my unpublished Doctoral Dissertation (Defended in 2015) that investigates the impact of explicit reading strategy instruction on Moroccan EFL university learners’ (meta) cognitive reading strategy use and reading achievement, the present exploratory study reflects the extent to which the learners are retrospectively conscious of the (meta) cognitive reading strategies (RSs) that facilitate the assimilation and comprehension of the textual input. It addresses 113 English department university students belonging to two groups (Group 1: N= 50; Group 2: N= 63) studying at the first-semester level. The data were obtained through the dependence on two advanced-level reading comprehension texts (i.e., narrative, expository) which were accompanied by a retrospective questionnaire (RQ). The results evince that, given that the targeted two groups unconsciously used some (meta) cognitive reading strategies (RSs) for attaining the textual comprehension, their retrospective consciousness of the core nature and essence of these metacognitively-oriented strategic moves is typically typified by utmost inadequacy. Finally, some useful recommendations relative to both EFL reading research and pedagogy as well as some unavoidable limitations are presented.

Defending ‘Islamic Belief’ Against Discrimination: Religious Minority Group Discourse in Indonesia

Abstract This paper employs Critical Discourse Analysis to examine resistance discourses as created by the Ahmadiyya followers – a self-defined sect of Islam – to argue against negative discourses undermining them in Indonesia. In some legal proclamations and statements delivered by state officials and the representatives of majority Muslims in the country, the followers of the sect, especially those affiliated to the JAI (Jemaat Ahmadiyya Indonesia) are excluded from Islamic community. By using Van Dijk’s ideological square, this study aims at identifying resistance discourses created by the JAI followers as the defence strategies to oppose negative discourses presenting them as the non-believers of Islam. The resistance discourses are apparent in both written and spoken texts, such as books, articles, speeches, and public debates created by the sect. The finding reveals that the JAI followers create discourses of victim, defender of Islam, imperialism, illegitimacy, and discourse of public deception using various discourse strategies namely victimization, scare tactics, positive attribution, quotation, power delegitimising and negative portraits of misbehaving.

PERSUASIVE STRATEGIES AND TACTICS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TED TALKS

The article focuses on strategies, tactics and linguo-stylistic means of persuasion in such a prototypical speech genre of media environmental discourse as TED talks: the analysis of TED talks genre peculiarities is presented; the two main communicative strategies of media environmental discourse are identified – the strategy popularizing eco-friendly activities, and the strategy discrediting eco-unfriendly activities; depending on the argumentation principle employed, the three groups of tactics for expressing logos, ethos and pathos are singled out; the most frequent linguo-stylistic means of persuasion in environmental TED talks have been identified. The strategic approach emphasises that to achieve the desirable effect in public speaking within the TED format it is necessary to employ the combination of persuasive tactics to maintain a balance between the ethos, logos or pathos components of argumentation and provide a persuasive impact on the addressee increasing their environmental consciousness and promoting environmentally competent behaviour.

Study of Chinese and English Discourse in The Three Body problem based on Proximization Theory

Taking Liu Cixin’s science fiction novel The Three Body problem as a research text, this paper conducts a critical discourse analysis of the literary text from the Proximization Theory, and explores the discourse strategies contained in the crisis construction of The Three Body problem. At the same time, by comparing the original Chinese text of The Three Body problem with the English translation, the paper aims to investigate the influence of language shift on the strategy of proximization. It is found that the author constructs the threat of the Three-Body Crisis to humanity through three dimensions: temporal, spatial and axiological; at the same time, the convergence effect of the English translation is enhanced in the spatial dimension compared to the original text, while the effect of the English translation is weakened in the temporal dimension, and the effect of the original Chinese text and the English translation is approximately the same in axiological dimension. This paper extends the scope of Proximization Theory and enriches the research in the field of literary texts into their original languages.

Allusion as Discourse Strategy in Political Rhetoric: A Case of Selected Gubernatorial Campaign Speeches in Homa Bay County, Kenya

Allusion as Discourse Strategy in Political Rhetoric: A Case of Selected Gubernatorial Campaign Speeches in Homa Bay County, Kenya

Linguistic discourse in the system of language manipulative technologies (based on the material of english political advertising)

This paper attempts to explain what manipulation means and how it differs from other linguistic and manipulative technologies. The article deals with a number of issues related to the definition of manipulation since both in modern language and in specialized literature the concept of manipulation is used in many meanings. The purpose of the article is to eliminate the ambiguity surrounding the concept of language manipulation. We put forward the hypothesis that manipulation is an illegitimate linguistic process justified by the structure of human consciousness and the mechanisms of social life. The discourse analysis, descriptive and contextual methods made possible the linguistic analysis of fragments of political speeches of famous American politicians. As a result, the linguistic markers for deciphering the manipulative discourse strategy are identified, and the discourse structure of a political manipulative speech is described. The main types of strategies for exercising manipulative influence are considered on the examples of fragments of political speeches and slogans of American politicians Hillary Clinton, Donald Trump, and Barack Obama. The author reveals the physical and cultural concepts of manipulation and analyzes the linguistic forms that can underlie the manipulation of words.

“You’d be Right to Indulge Some Skepticism”: Trust-building Strategies in Future-oriented News Discourse

ABSTRACT This paper explores trust-building strategies in future-oriented news discourse, marked by a high degree of uncertainty. While current research mainly focuses on audiences’ perceptions of news credibility, this study addresses news trust from a production standpoint. We examine the trust-building efforts of media actors, focusing on their discursive labor within the context of election projections. Drawing on rich data from five election rounds in Israel and the US, we qualitatively analyzed 400 news texts and 400 tweets that were produced by 20 US and 20 Israeli media actors. This textual analysis was supplemented by 10 in-depth interviews with Israeli journalists. Our findings demonstrate three types of journalistic trust-building rhetoric in election coverage: facticity, authority, and transparency. These strategies result in a two-fold form of trust, which re-affirms traditional notions of accuracy and validity, while also challenging the ability of newspersons to obtain them in contemporary political and media cultures. Overall, these strategies hold unique opportunities and challenges for sustaining public trust in journalism and illuminate the complex communicative labor involved in building trust with news audiences. Our findings also highlight the importance of studying trust not only in relation to the past and the present, but also in future-oriented discourse.

National Identity in Media Discourses from Russia and Ukraine: Amid the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War

Summary This paper, based on the corpus of the news from TASS and UKRINFORM between February 24 and March 5, 2022, investigates different concerns of the two media platforms regarding conflict discourses, and analyzes their different naming strategies of social actors from the perspective of critical discourse analysis (CDA). It is found that Russian and Ukrainian media attempted to construct different national identities for each other through distinct discourse strategies. The Russian TASS named Ukraine a security threat while including Donbas as Russia’s in-group member. It also utilized out-group discourse strategies to exclude western countries, such as the United States, from its friend circle. The Ukrainian media discourse from UKRINFORM, however, grouped Ukraine itself together with western countries allied with the United States while stigmatizing Russia and excluding the Donbas region. The current research shows that the politically driven principle is commonly used in the media discourses from TASS and UKRINFORM as the representative national media of the two countries.

Identity frame at metaphor layer as the driving force for nuclear strategy: The US nuclear strategy during the cold war

The formation of a nation’s nuclear strategy is understood from a typical structuralist perspective of security strategy studies and international politics. This makes it difficult to not only derive new strategic alternatives but also anticipate what nuclear strategy patterns can be developed in the future. This study aims to deepen our understanding of nuclear strategy formation through causal layered analysis and to present new strategic alternatives to existing discourse. Therefore, this study examines the driving force that influences nuclear strategy formation and changes in implicit cognitive layers. The cognitive variables of identity are derived, and the causal layered analysis framework is used to explain how identity factors give meaning to concepts regarding national security and how the concepts are linked to strategic initiatives. Furthermore, this study assumes that nuclear strategy arises from interactions among the key frame variables in the cognitive layers. The US nuclear strategy cases are examined using this theoretical framework to understand how their interactions have shaped security concepts and been reflected in the nuclear strategy discourse. This study derives propositions that the ingroup definition of identity frames affects nuclear strategy as a driving force and that interpreting the explicit layers’ realities by the implicit frames affects the formation of security concepts and the direction of nuclear strategy.

A Wmatrix-based Analysis of Proximization Strategy of Environmental Discourse: A Case of Silent Spring

A Wmatrix-based Analysis of Proximization Strategy of Environmental Discourse: A Case of Silent Spring

Engagement strategies on medical YouTube channels

The study focuses on the strategies of engagement employed by medical doctors in YouTube videos. The goal of the analysis is to investigate multimodal strategies used in selected videos on the most popular medical YouTube channels in Poland. The study is conducted against a theoretical background that considers previous research on engagement strategies in science and popularization discourse (Hyland 2010; Luzón 2015, 2019; Sokół 2018). Engagement strategies involving reader pronouns, directives, questions, shared knowledge as well as humour, expression of opinions and emotions are investigated, as well as headings, visuals and music. The analysis reveals that medical doctors employ a vast array of diverse engagement strategies which do not form a unified set of practices across the channels. The differences concern the frequency and type of strategies, such as the use of headings, visuals, special effects and music. The study also reveals considerable differences between the videos as to the degree to which the authors exploit the affordances of the audio-visual medium. The formats of the videos comprise both the more traditional, such as slides with a voice-over, as well as more novel approaches, such as presentation films. The strategies employed show that the authors attempt to form a distinctive and recognizable style of interaction with the audience.

Антропология после метафизики в философии Бруно Латура

Under the influence of science, technology and global changes, the pathos of caring for a person today is transferred to non-human communities. Sensitivity to matter and its changing states has returned to philosophy. Nature is again considered as a universal model of everything that exists. A new value has become the world in all its diversity, the world itself, unlimited by the phenomenon of man. To think in a new way is to think on the other side of a person, to abandon the idea that it is a person who thinks. This is the anthropological trend in modern philosophy. It remains to consider what are the consequences of overcoming anthropocentrism and “posthumanistic” decisions for the individual, culture, and humanities. And why, despite the struggle with the “anthropological dream” (M.Foucault), the anthropological method of research remains in demand. To this end, the author refers to the works of the French philosopher, anthropologist, sociologist of science Bruno Latour to characterize his anthropological project. The author records when solving which issues Latour turns to anthropology. The place of anthropology in the actor-network theory of the philosopher is discussed. It shows the consonance of Latour’s methodological approach to the branch of philosophical anthropology that comes from Н.Plessner and A.Gehlen, in which there is no isolation of either the field of knowledge itself or its subject. On the contrary, philosophical and anthropological reflection is motivated by pragmatics, by what is carried out beyond the boundaries of philosophy and pure consciousness. The refusal to build anthropology on the basis of New European rationalism gives a new breath to the anthropological approach. There is a search for an alternative framework of thinking to anthropocentrism, new foundations from which the position of a person in the world, human reality can be comprehended. An overview of ideas regarding the “anthropology of modern” is given, the purpose of which is to explain to the bearers of modern consciousness that their own actions diverge from their own words. The study of Bruno Latour’s anthropological reflection contributes both to the concretization of the theoretical and methodological foundations of his philosophy and to the clarification of the question of the goals of philosophical anthropology. By publishing this text, the author invites colleagues to discuss the strategies of modern philosophical and anthropological discourse.

IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT IN EDITORIALS ON TERRORISM: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF PAKISTANI AND INDIAN ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS

Dicourses produced in the print media generally carry implicit ideologies to shape the cognitive make up of its readership. English newspapers in Pakistan and India also use such discourse strategies to adance their own countries’ ideological agenda. This research study, therefore, aimed to explore the discursive strategies that two leading English dailies of the two countries employed to portray ideological conflict in relation to the Indian-claimed surgical strikes (2016) against terrorist hideouts in Pakistani territory. To achieve this aim, editorials from English newspapers of both the countries were purposively selected and analyzed using Ideological Square Model proposed by van Dijk (1996,1998). The results of the study show that discourses of the newspaper editorials of both the countries carry discursive strategies that display the ideological conflict of the two countries in relation to terrorism. Using strategies such as passivisation, positive self-presentation, negative other-presentation, passivisation, personalization, and metonymy, the Indian editorial considers these strikes valid and successful, while Pakistani editorial vehemently denies this, thereby accentuating the Us and Them dicotomy. The findings of the study has implications for general readership as well as political elite of the two countries. Keywords: Critical Discourse Analysis, Ideological Conflict, Media Discourse, Surgical Strikes, Ideological Square.

IMAGE OF THE COUNTRY IN THE PERSUASIVE SPACE OF MEDIA DISCOURSE

This paper presents the country‘s image analysis through the persuasion prism. Any event‘s relevance and value are determined by the media‘s meaningful focus on the event. Knowledge in the information shape points to the country‘s awareness providing a real image. The authors focus on media discourse as a meaning-generation linguistic phenomenon with an impact function. Furthermore, media discourse reflects the addresser‘s strategic intention by the text architectonics, implemented by persuasion linguistic and pragmatic means. It is proved the media discourse space is conditioned by persuasiveness. The continuous sampling method, methods based on principles of discourse, and text-oriented and function-oriented analysis are used in this paper to solve the research question and achieve the research goal. The analysis carried out on Kazakhstan‘s image example demonstrated the specific space of verbalized media texts transforms a special world of events and processes encoded by linguistic and pragmatic means. As the analysis result, linguistic and pragmatic means of constructing the discourse strategy ―New Kazakhstan‖ have been identified in the study. The predictive model tactics are generated on the persuasive headlines basis that are described by metaphors and positive epithets, action verbs of history, and ideological content. The evaluative meaning ‗immersed‘ in the content is emphasized. The country‘s identity is constructed through the images – ―New Kazakhstan‖, ―Historical Past‖, ―Territory of the Country‖, ―Knowledge about the Country‖, and ―A Political Leader‖.

Strategies and tactics of the British parental discourse: historical perspective

This article studies verbal and non-verbal means of implementing parental discourse strategies and tactics used by representatives of the British linguistic and cultural community of the 18th and 21st centuries and establishes the changes they underwent in the speech of the father’s and the mother’s discursive personality. The research is substantiated by linguists’ growing interest in the ways communicative behaviour is formed, including its diachronic aspects. The research is aimed at establishing characteristic features of British parents and children’s communication basing on British fiction films, whose main characters are typical representatives of the Georgian era (the series “Aristocrats” and “Pride and Prejudice”) and the present (“Broadchurch”). The object of study is the strategies and tactics of the British parental discourse of the corresponding centuries, and the subject is verbal and/or non-verbal variants of their actualization. The study is based on the methods of discursive and contextual analysis, which allowed us to reveal the specifics of typical communicative strategies and tactics functioning in the British parental discourse, and comparative analysis, which contributed to identification of changes of strategies and tactics configuration in the speech of the father’s and the mother’s discursive personality of the 21st century compared to the speech of the father’s and the mother’s discursive personality of the 18th century. We claim that the speech of both the father’s and the mother’s discursive personality in both historical periods is dominated by cooperative strategies with a tendency to a moderate increase in the frequency of use, with the leading strategy for both historical periods being that of cooperation; the leading tactics vary – providing advice and instructions in the 18th century and discussion in the 21st century. Confrontation strategies do not significantly vary in terms of gender and chronological factors either: for both centuries under study, the conflict strategy is the leading one; the dominant tactics for the father’s discursive personality is order, for the mother’s discursive personality it is condemnation/reproach.

An Investigation of Engagement Resources in the World Cup 2022 Newspaper Articles in the Arab World Media

Introduction: Investigating patterns of dialogic engagement in newspaper articles can help inform novice writers of effective writing strategies that can increase their readers’ engagement and interest. The study aimed to identify the linguistic features used to engage and sustain readers’ interest in sports newspaper articles and explore related research within a systemic functional linguistics framework. Methodology: A corpus of 9,000 words from 14 different sports newspaper articles was analyzed using the UAM Corpus Tool software following Appraisal Theory proposed by Martin and White (2005). Results: The study revealed that writers of sports news employed various linguistic and discourse strategies, including evaluative language, to create engagement. The findings suggest that heteroglossic instances were more common, compared to monoglossic ones. Moreover, the writers preferred to use contract resources more frequently than expand resources. Disclaim resources had a higher frequency than proclaim resources, while attribute and entertainment resources were almost equally used. Conclusion: According to the findings, sports news writers use a range of grammatical structures and vocabulary choices to create a sense of immediacy and establish the relevance of the reported events.

Discursive Strategies Contributing to Stigma towards Involuntary Childless Women in the Gikùyù Community

Positioning women in a situation where motherhood is associated with womanhood has led to stigma towards those who do not have children. They are perceived as outsiders in their communities, and language is used to advance the ideologies that support their discrimination. The use of discursive techniques has been essential in stigmatising and categorising childlessness. Linguistic stigma has been created by language and other ideas. Degrading discourse strategies that are language-based have a significant impact on how childless women are viewed. The paper’s discursive approaches were centred on the stigma that involuntarily childless women in the Gikùyù community experience. The study was informed by Fairclough and Van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Different elements like vocabulary, grammatical structure, and semantics ought not to be examined individually, according to CDA and their functions should not be disregarded. The purpose of the study was to assess the discursive techniques stigmatising involuntarily childless women. The study used purposive sampling to choose the villages in the Tetu sub-county, Nyeri County. They were Kǐandu, Ndǔgamano and Kǐgogoinǐ. The researcher used focus group discussions (FGDs) in order to collect data. Twelve involuntarily childless women participated in the FGD as respondents, four in each FGD. The data was then audio recorded, analysed, and categorised into themes. The study will benefit linguists since it will educate them on the extent to which language may be used to stigmatise social groups and prepare them to advocate for language change when needed. This discussion will highlight the connection between language and gender and motivate curriculum designers to include discussions on linguistic stigma, which will benefit researchers who focus on gender issues. Involuntary childless women are stigmatised linguistically according to the study, and these women should rebrand themselves by accepting their situation and reclaiming their identity

The influences of communitarian philosophy in public policy: mapping the discourse of Scottish public library strategy

PurposeThis research investigates the presence of communitarian philosophy within contemporary Scottish public library strategy, exploring links between philosophy, politics and practice.Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows a qualitative research approach, combining content analysis and discourse analysis methodologies for the analysis of a corpus of Scottish public library trust documentation according to a thematic framework of communitarian values.FindingsThe analysis revealed strong links between trust strategy and communitarian values but also highlighted contradictions within this form of communitarianism which belied a deeper neoliberal philosophical foundation. The research therefore identified a communitarian strategic service shift which introduced benefits of social inclusion, community autonomy and common good but also brought concerns of an inherently weakened communal foundation and the survival of a neoliberal status quo.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis is focused on strategy in Scotland only and thus can only claim to be representative of that country. However, the growth in communitarian strategies in the public sector is informed from the analysis undertaken.Practical implicationsThe paper provides a novel analysis of public library strategy and thus contributes to the understanding of public library practice in the modern era.Social implicationsThe impacts of communitarian philosophy in the public sphere are under-researched and how these changes impact the mission of libraries needs to be better understood.Originality/valueThis is the first analysis to consider public library strategy from a communitarian point of view. As such, it provides novel insights into a growing area of public service development.