Addition Strategies Research Articles

Monodisperse BaZrO3 nanocrystals and flux pinning effect on upscaling MOD-derived (Y,Dy)Ba2Cu3O7− δ superconducting tapes

In the present work, monodisperse BaZrO3 (BZO) nanocrystals with controllable sizes are successfully introduced into trifluoroacetate metal–organic deposition derived (Y,Dy)Ba2Cu3O7−δ ((Y,Dy)BCO)-coated superconducting tapes to act as effective pinning centers. The BZO nanocrystal addition strategy is extended to upscaling coated conductors as long as hundreds of meters, and as thick as 3.4 μm, of (Y,Dy)BCO layers. The corresponding superconducting performances of BZO-added (Y,Dy)BCO-coated conductors are systematically investigated under various applied magnetic fields and temperatures. It is revealed that the I c (77 K, self-field) of BZO-added tapes decreases linearly with BZO concentration, while the corresponding in-field lift-factors increase for all studied BZO additions. In-field J c values under various fields at low temperatures show that the (Y,Dy)BCO tape with 5%-BZO addition exhibits a better performance than that of other concentrations. Besides, this benefit of BZO addition appears identical for both thin and thick samples, as well as for tapes that are hundreds of meters long. The angular dependence of in-field I c also shows that significant improvement occurs in all the studied angular ranges after nanocrystal BZO additions, demonstrating that the nanocrystal addition strategy is of great value for upscaling commercial (Y,Dy)BCO tape for in-field applications.

Capture of Volatile Iodine Gas and Identification of Adsorption Sites in the Pore Network of Unsubstituted Imidazole Linker-Incorporated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8.

The incorporation of unsubstituted imidazole (Im) in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) crystallized in sodalite topology is proposed to improve gas capture and gas separation performance drastically. However, the incorporation of unsubstituted Im in ZIF-8 has remained challenging due to the thermodynamic instability of zinc and Im bonding in sodalite topology. We have incorporated up to 24.4 (mol %) Im linker in highly crystalline ZIF-8 with similar morphology and sodalite topology using a delayed linker addition strategy at room temperature. Im incorporation brings significant tuning to the pore architecture of ZIF-8, as confirmed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. The modifications in the pore architecture are primarily due to linker defects produced in the frameworks during crystallization and the elimination of steric hindrance due to the absence of a methyl group on Im. The Im-incorporated ZIF-8 shows significant enhancement in iodine capture as well as higher crystal structure stability under iodine vapor exposure as compared to pristine ZIF-8. Through ortho-positronium interaction with the adsorbed molecular iodine in the pore network of the frameworks, it is confirmed that iodine is preferentially adsorbed at cavity and intercrystalline voids, whereas aperture sites remain unoccupied by iodine molecules.

An advanced YOLOv3 method for small object detection

Small object detection has important application value in the fields of autonomous driving and drone scene analysis. As one of the most advanced object detection algorithms, YOLOv3 suffers some challenges when detecting small objects, such as the problem of detection failure of small objects and occluded objects. To solve these problems, an improved YOLOv3 algorithm for small object detection is proposed. In the proposed method, the dilated convolutions mish (DCM) module is introduced into the backbone network of YOLOv3 to improve the feature expression ability by fusing the feature maps of different receptive fields. In the neck network of YOLOv3, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and multi-scale fusion module are introduced to select the important information for small object detection in the shallow network, suppress the uncritical information, and use the fusion module to fuse the feature maps of different scales, so as to improve the detection accuracy of the algorithm. In addition, the Soft-NMS and Complete-IOU (ClOU) strategies are applied to candidate frame screening, which improves the accuracy of the algorithm for the detection of occluded objects. The experimental results on MS COCO2017, VOC2007, VOC2012 datasets and the ablation experiments on MS COCO2017 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better accuracy in small object detection than the original YOLOv3 model.

Trial of a Patient-Directed eHealth Program to Ameliorate Perinatal Depression: The MomMoodBooster2 Practical Effectiveness Study

ABSTRACT Perinatal depression and postpartum depression represent a significant burden for those who experience them and are associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, postpartum hospitalization, diminished mother-child relationships, offspring developmental delay, and other important markers of health and well-being. Perinatal depression, in particular, is underidentified and thus undertreated. This study was designed to assess the MMB eHealth program (MomMoodBooster2 [MMB2]), which is targeted toward perinatal depression, with an aim to assess the effectiveness of the smartphone version of this tool. Primary outcomes were targeted toward analyzing the extent to which MMB2 relieved the severity of anxiety and depression symptoms in general (using both perinatal and postpartum tools); secondary outcomes focused on usage trends along with ratings of usability and helpfulness. Participants were recruited from the Perinatal Depression Program (PDP) in the NorthShore University HealthSystem. Eligibility criteria included pregnant women and women less than a year postpartum, age older than 18 years, no active suicidal ideation, access to internet, and English language proficiency. REDCap (Vanderbilt University Nashville, Tenn) was used for onboarding and randomization. Final analyses included 191 patients randomized into 2 groups, one with MMB2 and the PDP protocol and one with only PDP. After program completion, 93% of patients completed an associated posttest. Primary screenings were not significantly different between groups, and baseline characteristics were likewise consistent. Controlling for perinatal status, posttests showed a significant decrease in depression severity, anxiety, stress, and automatic thoughts (P ≤ 0.001), as well as an increase in behavioral activation and self-efficacy. Further analysis showed that the MMB2 group showed greater decreases from baseline to posttest in both stress (P = 0.019) and depression severity (P = 0.003). No other significant effects were found when comparing the 2 groups. Usage of MMB2 varied, but generally showed that patients visited the program shortly after receiving the first invitation and then periodically on multiple distinct days between their first and last visit to their health care provider (mean [SD] visits, 49.4 [30.2] distinct days). Perinatal tools were used by 41% of participants, and 43% used postpartum tools, with 10% using both tools because of being pregnant at initial recruitment but delivering over the course of the study. The program included text messages for the first 12 weeks, and impact of these was not directly assessed. Of ratings provided, 96% rated the program as “somewhat” to “extremely” easy to use, and 83% of participants rated it as “somewhat” to “extremely” helpful. Many participants in both groups reported using other management strategies such as medication, therapy sessions, and physician advice, but use of these interventions did not differ between groups. These results indicate that MMB2 is effective at reducing anxiety and depression severity, as well as improving self-efficacy. Clinically, this eHealth tool may be an appropriate way to subsidize care for women where in-person options are limited or other options are unavailable. It could also be used to augment in-person options for management of depressive symptoms. Further research should focus on larger and more diverse populations, to understand if the findings are generalizable beyond this small population. In addition, the sustainability and adoption strategies should be optimized to allow this program to be as far reaching as possible. More research could also examine long-term follow-up and durability of the effects of this treatment.

Multi-strategy enhanced grey wolf algorithm for obstacle-aware WSNs coverage optimization

Moving sensor nodes can mitigate the coverage problem of random deployment in wireless sensor networks. However, the movement of nodes affects the lifetime and integrity of the network. Therefore, both energy saving and efficient coverage are crucial factors. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient coverage optimization technique with the help of the multi-Strategy grey wolf optimization (MSGWO) algorithm. This method can reduce energy consumption and improve coverage area by mixing higher-order multinomial sensing models and a sort-driven hybrid opposition-based learning. In addition, node movement and boundary strategies are proposed to help nodes jump out of obstacles when facing obstacle-aware deployments. The MSGWO is validated and compared on several classical test functions, and the results show that the MSGWO performs well. The MSGWO algorithm is applied to optimize the WSN coverage on different obstacle scenarios, the experimental results show that the algorithm helps to increase the network coverage from 84 % to 97.86 %, extends the network lifecycle by 50 %, reduces the cost of node deployment, and the network has good connectivity and scalability.

What happened to the modal expressions? Modality in translating Chinese texts into English

This article investigates how modality is handled in Chinese-to-English translation, in order to identify a range of choices available for translators and the relative frequencies of the choices. The study uses a self-built parallel corpus of Chinese government documents on Tibet and Xinjiang and their English translations. Modal expressions in the source and translated texts are analyzed according to the type and value of modality. Results show that the strategies of modality omission, modality retaining, and modality addition are adopted in the process of translation. High-valued modal expressions in the Chinese source texts are likely to be left out or translated into expressions of lower values. Median-valued modal expressions tend to be retained, and most added English modal expressions are of median value. Low-valued modal expressions enjoy similar distributions in the source and translated texts. These translation strategies result in a decrease in high-valued modal expressions and an increase in median-valued modal expressions. The type of modality tends to remain unchanged in the process of translation. Possible factors affecting the translation choices are discussed in terms of the communicative conventions and the tenor of the source and target texts.

Effect of artificially designed short peptide addition strategy on glucose oxidase activity

Charged short peptides and glucose oxidase (GOx) were studied in this paper to reveal how these peptides alter the activity and structure of GOx. Results showed that the synthesized negatively charged peptides T8− and positively charged peptides T9+ could increase and decrease enzyme activity, respectively. The T8− treated GOx potential increased by 33.6%. Meanwhile, the α-helix content decreased by 5.5%, and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) value decreased significantly. The fluorescence and UV–visible spectra revealed varying degrees of changes in peak and peak intensity, respectively. Overall, in the absence of contact reactions between T9+ and T8− with GOx, the CPs changed the microenvironment around GOx and the charge arrangement on its surface, causing conformational changes in GOx and altering its enzymatic activity. The effect of CPs on GOx was further investigated using the molecular docking technique. After T8- treatment, the number of hydrogen bonds increased from 3 without short peptide treatment to 8

Effects of carbon source addition strategies on water quality, growth performance, and microbial community in shrimp BFT aquaculture systems

The current study evaluated the effect of a novel carbohydrate addition strategy that establishes a mixed biofloc technology aquaculture mode in which heterotrophic bacteria dominate in the early stage and autotrophic bacteria play a role in the latter stage. The new strategy is divided into three phases: In the early rearing stage, a high C/N ratio (≥15:1) is created by daily input feed and a carbon source to promote the formation of heterotrophic bioflocs; when the ammonia nitrogen concentration is reduced to 1 mg/L, the input C/N ratio is kept at 10:1; stop adding carbon source once there is a clear decrease trend in the nitrite nitrogen. Fourteen water quality indicators, shrimp growth, and some economic data were selected to evaluate the feasibility of the new strategy at the macro level. The results showed that the water quality remained good; the survival rate (71.1%) and yield (5.11 kg/m3) of shrimps under the new strategy were significantly higher than those under the traditional BFT aquaculture system. Moreover, the new strategy also has a lower environmental impact. High-throughput sequencing was applied to better understand the dynamics of microbial communities. Microbial structure analysis showed that Phyla Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant microbial for the whole rearing process. Further analysis revealed that heterotrophic bacteria (e.g., Microbacterium and Rhodobacteraceae) gradually switched into autotrophic bacteria (e.g., Nitrospira) with the C/N ratio decreased. The results indicated that the new strategy was a feasible and efficient way, providing a novel idea for BFT farming of whiteleg shrimp.

Enhanced food waste anaerobic digestion by simultaneously controlling sludge loads and iron oxide addition

The influence of the combination of sludge load control and iron oxide (IO) addition strategies on food waste anaerobic digestion (AD) was explored. The results showed that low sludge loads or IO addition could significantly enhance AD performance. Low sludge loads promoted substrate hydrolysis and volatile fatty acids degradation, which enhanced the biochemical methane potential (BMP) and production rate, respectively. IO addition promoted the CH4 yield and maximum CH4 production rate (Rm) by 65.50% and 206.79%, respectively, by promoting hydrolysis and interspecies electron transfer among syntrophic microbes. Moreover, although the presence of IO could prevent the failure of AD in extremely high sludge load conditions, it could not ensure complete BMP recovery. In an IO-assisted reactor, low sludge loads decreased the methanogenic lag phase by 53.15% and increased the BMP and Rm by 49.93% and 120.11%, respectively. Although adequate IO dosage could effectively improve the digester performance, excessive dosage may limit the economic benefits. Overall, the AD performance could be optimized by simultaneously controlling the sludge load and IO addition.

Research on improving robustness strategy of grid cyber physical system considering spatial information

Adding additional links can be recognized as an effective way to improve the robustness of grid cyber physical system (GCPS) against cascading failures. However, for a typical large-scale and across-regional GCPS, previous studies mainly focus on the network topology without considering the components/nodes spatial information. Therefore, to improve the robustness of GCPS without changing the existing connections, five different link addition strategies, considering spatial information and construction cost constraints, are proposed. Firstly, a spatial GCPS model is established, which consists of the spatial power system and the spatial information system with hierarchical structures. Among them, the spatial information system consists of the access layer (AL), the backbone layer (BL) and the core layer (CL) and its network nodes are divided into different layers according to their functions. Secondly, based on the spatial information system layer nodes functions and the spatial power system nodes attributions, five link addition strategies, AL-AL, AL-BL, AL-CL, Generators-CL (G-CL) and Loads-CL (L-CL), are investigated under two constraint scenarios. Thirdly, to verify our proposed five link addition strategies have better improvement effects, we compare them with the two existing excellent strategies, including low degree link addition strategy (LD) and random addition link addition strategy (Random). Finally, the statistical test results on the real 39-node power system and the IEEE 118 bus system show that our proposed link addition strategies not only effectively improve the robustness of GCPS, but also have better effects than LD and Random. More specifically, no matter whether GCPS suffered severe or slight attacks, the AL-BL always performs better when either fixed number constraint scenario or fixed length constraint scenario, and the improvement effects of AL-AL, AL-CL, G-CL and L-CL are exhibited as descending orders, respectively. These findings can help maintainers to improve the robustness of GCPS before attacks.

Effect of biochar addition on crop yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency: A meta-analysis

Biochar is a widely used soil amendment that has positive effects on improving soil quality, promoting resource efficiency of agricultural production, and reducing environmental pollution. In order to better play the potential role of biochar in agricultural production and optimize the addition strategies of biochar. This study conducted extraction analysis, random forest simulation and win-win analysis on 381 datasets from 63 studies around the world. The results showed that the addition of biochar increased crop yield by 14.45%, water use efficiency (WUE) by 14.28% and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) by 13.97%. Among them, the key factors affecting the addition effect of biochar were soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (Soil-TN), soil bulk density, biochar carbon content (Biochar-TC) and biochar carbon nitrogen ratio (Biochar-C:N). In addition, the application of biochar with less carbon content (TC ≤ 200 g kg−1, C:N between 50 and 100) in the soil with large bulk density (>1.4 g cm−3) and low nutrients (SOC between 10 and 15 g kg−1, TN ≤ 0.5 g kg−1) could better achieve a win-win situation in crop productivity and resource use efficiency. Our findings can help to formulate the addition strategies of biochar.

A Multiple Mechanism Enhanced Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm for Numerical Problems.

The Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) is a meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by mathematical operators, which may stagnate in the face of complex optimization issues. Therefore, the convergence and accuracy are reduced. In this paper, an AOA variant called ASFAOA is proposed by integrating a double-opposite learning mechanism, an adaptive spiral search strategy, an offset distribution estimation strategy, and a modified cosine acceleration function formula into the original AOA, aiming to improve the local exploitation and global exploration capability of the original AOA. In the proposed ASFAOA, a dual-opposite learning strategy is utilized to enhance population diversity by searching the problem space a lot better. The spiral search strategy of the tuna swarm optimization is introduced into the addition and subtraction strategy of AOA to enhance the AOA's ability to jump out of the local optimum. An offset distribution estimation strategy is employed to effectively utilize the dominant population information for guiding the correct individual evolution. In addition, an adaptive cosine acceleration function is proposed to perform a better balance between the exploitation and exploration capabilities of the AOA. To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed ASFAOA, two experiments are conducted using existing state-of-the-art algorithms. First, The CEC 2017 benchmark function was applied with the aim of evaluating the performance of ASFAOA on the test function through mean analysis, convergence analysis, stability analysis, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Friedman's test. The proposed ASFAOA is then utilized to solve the wireless sensor coverage problem and its performance is illustrated by two sets of coverage problems with different dimensions. The results and discussion show that ASFAOA outperforms the original AOA and other comparison algorithms. Therefore, ASFAOA is considered as a useful technique for practical optimization problems.

A Cross-Scale Iterative Attentional Adversarial Fusion Network for Infrared and Visible Images

Recent existing methods generally adopt a simple concatenation or addition strategy to integrate features at the fusion layer, failing to adequately consider the intrinsic characteristics of different modal images and feature interaction of different scales, which may produce a limited fusion performance. Toward this end, we introduce a cross-scale iterative attentional adversarial fusion network, namely CrossFuse. More specifically, in the generator, we design a cross-modal attention integrated module to merge the intrinsic content of different modal images. The parallel spatial-independent and channel-independent pathways are proposed to calculate the attentional weights, which are assigned to measure the activity levels of source images at the same scale. Moreover, we construct a cross-scale iterative decoder framework to interact with different modality features at different scales, which can constantly optimize their activity levels. By this means, the generator learns to integrate their modality characteristics via attentional weights in an iterative manner, and the generated result characterizes competitive infrared radiant intensity and distinct visible detail description. Extensive experiments on three different benchmarks demonstrate that our CrossFuse outperforms other nine state-of-the-art methods in terms of fusion performance, generalization ability and computational efficiency. Our codes will be released at https://github.com/Zhishe-Wang/CrossFuse.

The lived experiences of metal hypersensitivity

Background Immunological responses to metal ions can occur in people with metal implantable devices. Nevertheless, patients are not routinely asked about metal hypersensitivity nor tested for it prior to surgical procedures. Moreover, we have not identified any published literature on patients’ experiences with this condition. We undertook this study to better understand the experiences of patients with metal hypersensitivity and to determine what information would help them make an informed decision about implantable medical devices with metal compositions. Methods This is a patient-oriented research using an interpretative phenomenological methodology. We enrolled 16 people from five countries (Canada, New Zealand, Spain, the UK, and the USA) who experienced metal hypersensitivity following implantable medical device. We collected data from in-depth, semi-structured interviews focused on pre-procedural patient education and postoperative experiences to elucidate the barriers and opportunities related to metal hypersensitivity. We analyzed the data using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results The majority were white biological women between the ages of 34 and 65. None of the participants were informed about immunological responses to metals in implants during the consenting process. They encountered many challenges when symptoms of metal hypersensitivity occurred. The outcomes for the few who had the implants removed were mixed. Conclusion Hypersensitivity reactions to metal need to be discussed as part of the consenting process, and additional strategies are needed to mitigate this issue in the health system.

On the correlation between proppant addition strategy and distribution

The proppant pumping schedule is critical in hydrofracking because it affects both fluid flow and proppant transport. In the study reported here, a validated CFD-DEM model was employed to study the impact of proppant pumping strategy on proppant transport in a rough rock fracture. Three injection sequences of multi-sized proppants were applied while varying other pumping parameters including injection velocity, the size of large proppants, and the concentration of large proppants. Both vertically and horizontally sheared rough, joint rough, and smooth fractures were adopted to enable a better understanding of the impact caused by fracture geometry. The results reveal that the variation in proppant distribution caused by adjusting the pumping sequence or a single pumping parameter is not absolute. Rather than pumping parameters, the final proppant distribution is governed directly by two competing effects caused by the alteration of proppant bridging effect. It was also found that the proppant volume retained in fractures is under-estimated if the CFD mesh size is too small to reach three times the particle size. The lateral conveyance of proppant could be enhanced by considering the Saffman lift force in CFD-DEM modeling. The results of this study shed light on proppant transport in hydraulic fractures under various addition strategies, which will assist the optimization of fracturing treatments in unconventional reservoirs.

Effects of phosphorus-containing additives on carbon transformation during pig manure composting

The effects of two typical phosphorus-containing additives (i.e. phosphogypsum and superphosphate) on carbon transformation during pig manure composting were investigated. Three addition strategies, including 10% phosphogypsum as well as 2.5% and 10% superphosphate (based on dry mass) were designed with same dosage or phosphorus content. Results showed that all strategies could alter organic biotransformation to reduce carbon loss during composting. Adding 10% superphosphate and phosphogypsum could restrain microbial activities to retard organic biodegradation, which thus reduced carbon dioxide and methane emission as well as humic acid (HA) formation. Compared to these strategies with high dosage additives, addition of 2.5% superphosphate could promote the conversion of unstable fulvic acid (FA) to stable HA with high aromaticity for humification. In addition, 2.5% superphosphate was more favorable to reduce CH4 emission given its low dosage to maintain suitable thermophilic period. Thus, addition of 2.5% superphosphate was recommended to accelerate humification and reduce carbon loss during pig manure composting in practice.

Therapeutic Potential of PTB Inhibition Through Converting Glial Cells to Neurons in the Brain

Cell replacement therapy represents a promising approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Contrary to the common addition strategy to generate new neurons from glia by overexpressing a lineage-specific transcription factor(s), a recent study introduced a subtraction strategy by depleting a single RNA-binding protein, Ptbp1, to convert astroglia to neurons not only in vitro but also in the brain. Given its simplicity, multiple groups have attempted to validate and extend this attractive approach but have met with difficulty in lineage tracing newly induced neurons from mature astrocytes, raising the possibility of neuronal leakage as an alternative explanation for apparent astrocyte-to-neuron conversion. This review focuses on the debate over this critical issue. Importantly, multiple lines of evidence suggest that Ptbp1 depletion can convert a selective subpopulation of glial cells into neurons and, via this and other mechanisms, reverse deficits in a Parkinson's disease model, emphasizing the importance of future efforts in exploring this therapeutic strategy.

Fusion-based speech emotion classification using two-stage feature selection

Speech emotion recognition plays an important role in human–computer interaction, which uses speech signals to determine the emotional state. Previous studies have proposed various features and feature selection methods. However, few studies have investigated the two-stage feature selection method for speech emotion classification. In this study, we propose a novel speech emotion classification algorithm based on two-stage feature selection and two fusion strategies. Specifically, three types of features are extracted from speech signals: constant-Q spectrogram-based histogram of oriented gradients, openSMILE, and wavelet packet decomposition-based features. Then, two-stage feature selection using random forest and grey wolf optimization is applied to reduce feature dimension and model training time and improve the classification performance. In addition, both early and late fusion strategies are explored aiming to further improve the performance. Experimental results indicate that early fusion with two-stage feature selection can achieve the best performance. The highest classification accuracy for RAVDESS, SAVEE, EMOVO, and EmoDB is 86.97%, 88.79%, 89.24%, and 95.29%, respectively.

Exacerbations of COPD.

COPD exacerbations are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and increased health care expenditures. The recently published Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommendations have further refined the definition of an exacerbation. A better understanding of the risk factors associated with the development of an exacerbation exists, and improvements are being made in earlier detection approaches. Pharmacologic treatment strategies have been the cornerstone of effective therapy. In addition, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies have been proven successful in the prevention of future exacerbations. Newer technologies, including the use of artificial intelligence and wearable monitoring devices, are now being used to help in the earlier detection of exacerbations. Such preventive and earlier detection strategies can help to develop a more personalized care model and improve outcomes for patients with COPD.

Beşinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Hedef 5 Zekâ Oyununda Kullandıkları Zihinden Toplama ve Çıkarma İşlemi Stratejilerinin Belirlenmesi

Çalışmanın amacı, zihinden toplama ve çıkarma işlemi stratejilerine uyarlanan Hedef 5 zekâ oyunu (H5ZO), beşinci sınıf öğrencilerine uygulanarak, zihinden işlemlerde kullandıkları stratejileri sesli düşünme protokolüyle ortaya çıkarmak ve öğrencilerin H5ZO’ya ilişkin düşüncelerini belirlemektir. Durum çalışmasına göre desenlenen bu çalışma, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde bulunan bir ortaokulda öğrenim gören 20 beşinci sınıf öğrencisiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri, H5ZO’da zihinden toplama ve çıkarma işlemi stratejilerini ortaya çıkaran sesli düşünme protokolüyle ve araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen beş açık uçlu soru ile toplanmıştır. Analizlerden sonucunda, zihinden toplama işleminde öğrencilerin en fazla “sayıları 10’un katlarına göre parçalama” stratejisini, en az ise “sayılardan birini 10 ya da 10’un katlarına tamamlayacak şekilde parçalama” stratejisini kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Zihinden çıkarma işleminde ise öğrencilerin en fazla “parçalar hâlinde çıkarma” stratejisini, en az “denk problem kurma” stratejisini kullandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Açık uçlu sorulardan elde edilen sonuçlara göre ise, öğrencilerin H5ZO’da daha çok oyunun kurallarına dikkat ettikleri, oyun sürecinde birtakım zorluklar yaşadıkları, ilgili oyun ile öğrencilerin bilişsel ve sosyal gelişim alanlarına katkı sağlandığı ve seçtikleri matematik konularında zekâ oyunları (ZO) oynamak istedikleri belirlenmiştir. Okullarda seçmeli bir ders olarak yürütülen ZO dersi içeriğindeki oyunlardan, öğrencilerin daha çok aşina olduğu, oynarken zevk aldığı oyunların belirlenerek matematiğe uyarlanması ve süreçte uygulanması önerilmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu oyunlarda, öğrencilerin kendi stratejilerini keşfederek işlemleri yapmaları ve sayı hissi becerilerini geliştirmeye dönük deneyimler kazanmaları sağlanabilir.