Strategy In Malaysia Research Articles

Factors: Responsible for McDonald's Performance

In the fast-food industry, MacDonald’s is a pioneer. It has more than 35,000 restaurants across the globe in 121 countries. McDonald's serves a variety of fast foods. For the average income customer, most of the item is priced so it could be a staple product. KFC, SUBWAY, IN&OUT, BURGER KING is one of the most prominent rivals in the country. The business strategies which are used by Macdonald’s in accordance with the market are different as it is following different strategy in Malaysia and different strategy in India. Comprehensive research is being carried out on how MacDonald is achieving tremendous success through its franchising model and factors that lead MacDonald's tremendously in the fast-food industry.

Field Survey of Thermal Comfort and Sleep Quality in the Bedrooms with Different Cooling Strategies in Malaysia

This study aims to determine the indoor comfort temperature before sleep and after wake up in air-conditioning (AC) mode with different adaptive cooling strategies. Two units of guest rooms on the university campus were used with a total of 20 participants. The arbitrary-controlled AC setting (case 1) and control of thermostat setting by 3∘C higher than case 1 with installing of cool bed padding (case 2) were employed as cooling strategies in this study. The measurement parameters were indoor and outdoor air temperatures, globe temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, and AC electricity consumption. The questionnaire survey has also been distributed twice a day for “before going to bed” and “after waking up” during measurement simultaneously. It was observed that thermal sensation vote (TSV) indicated for both cases were within -1 ≤ TSV ≤ 1 and respondents might accept the present condition for both cases. Mean thermal preference (TP) in both cases either “before going to bed” and “after waking up” was found mostly close to “0 no change” (0.1 ≤ TP ≤ 0.3) for all cases. Overall comfort (OC) ranged between 4.7 and 4.9 for both cases, indicating for “comfortable.” However, air movement sensation (AMS) shows respondent felt weak airflow inside the room for all ventilation strategies. The skin moisture sensation (SMS) shows value pointed to neutral feeling for all cases. The comfort temperature obtained by Griffiths’ method was approximately 24∘C and 25∘C that for case 1 and case 2, respectively. Meanwhile, most of the respondents experienced calmness during sleeping and satisfied with their sleep in both cases. Sleep efficiency index (SEI) shows case 2 was higher rather than case 1. It seems the second adaptive cooling strategy might effective for reducing AC energy consumption by about 32% and increase 2% of SEI without affecting respondents’ thermal comfort.

Factors That Influence the tourists' or Potential Tourists' Intention to Visit and the Contribution to the Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy for Eco-Tourism

This article shared the Kuala Kubu Bharu-Fraser's Hill areas and activities of the eco-tourism corporate social responsibility strategy in Malaysia. It describes the factors that influence the tourists' or potential tourists' intention to visit as well as focuses on the enjoyment element as an adaptation and extension to the Theory of Reasonable Action and Stimulus Research Model. The empirical results from the quantitative analysis suggest that enjoyment, attitude as well as social norm are significant factors that contribute to influence the tourists' or potential tourists' intention to visit. With the growth of the eco-tourism industry globally, there is a greater call for corporate social responsibility strategy by organizations. Thus, this article discusses the potential of eco-tourism for corporate social responsibility green business. It is vital to emphasize the customer expectation and the business corporate social responsibility for the sustainability development of the eco-tourism locality.

Local content in extractive industries: Evidence and lessons from Chile’s copper sector and Malaysia’s petroleum sector

This paper examines the role of industrial policy in providing incentives for resource-based industrialization and overcoming market obstacles in the development of local suppliers in extractive sectors. More particularly, this study examines and compares local content outcomes and strategies in Malaysia’s petroleum sector and in Chile’s copper sectorThe Malaysian experience shows that several market barriers can be overcome by targeted policies and infant industry protection to increase R&D, accumulate skills and capabilities. In contrast, in Chile, the development of internationally competitive local suppliers has been slowed down by market bottlenecks and the lack of public incentives for innovation, skilled human capital accumulation, and learning by doingBeyond unsustainable protectionist approaches focused on short-term goals such as local content quotas, this study reveals that sustainable local content policies require capacity building programme (through intra-industry dialogue to share key information on quality requirements, R&D and specialized human capital accumulation) in order to gradually build long-term competitiveness. The gradual accumulation of technology and skills through learning by doing enables to develop the scale and capacity of local firms to meet the demand for increasingly sophisticated inputs and services in extractive activities, as well as develop transversal capabilities that can serve other sectors.

A Stepwise Approach to a National Hepatitis C Screening Strategy in Malaysia to Meet the WHO 2030 Targets: Proposed Strategy, Coverage, and Costs

BackgroundIn Malaysia, more than 330 000 individuals are estimated to be chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), but less than 2% have been treated to date. ObjectivesTo estimate the required coverage and costs of a national screening strategy to inform the launch of an HCV elimination program. MethodsWe designed an HCV screening strategy based on a “stepwise” approach. This approach relied on targeting of people who inject drugs in the early years, with delayed onset of widespread general population screening. Annual coverage requirements and associated costs were estimated to ensure that the World Health Organization elimination treatment targets were met. ResultsIn total, 6 million individuals would have to be screened between 2018 and 2030. Targeting of people who inject drugs in the early years would limit annual screening coverage to less than 1 million individuals from 2018 to 2026. General population screening would have to be launched by 2026. Total costs were estimated at MYR 222 million ($58 million). Proportional to coverage targets, 60% of program costs would fall from 2026 to 2030. ConclusionsThis exercise was one of the first attempts to conduct a detailed analysis of the required screening coverage and costs of a national HCV elimination strategy. These findings suggest that the stepwise approach could delay the onset of general population screening by more than 5 years after the program's launch. This delay would allow additional time to mobilize investments required for a successful general population screening program and also minimize program costs. This strategy prototype could inform the design of effective screening strategies in other countries.

Intangible of Skills at Tactical Level of Strategy in Malaysia’s Counter Insurgency Experience in 1970’s

Intangible of Skills at Tactical Level of Strategy in Malaysia’s Counter Insurgency Experience in 1970’s

An Economic Evaluation of Everolimus As Second Line Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Malaysian Perspective

Background: Everolimus as second line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma are significantly effective but more expensive compared with best supportive care alone. Therefore, a cost-utility analysis was needed to inform the decision makers on the potential adoption of everolimus as second line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma weighing by the affordability of the healthcare provider. Aim: To estimate the economic value of everolimus as second line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Methods: A state transition model was developed using Microsoft Excel 2010 to simulate a hypothetical cohort of patient receiving everolimus or best supportive care over 5 years time horizon. A monthly cycle was used based on the dosing schedule of everolimus. Three health states were included in the model as progression free, disease progression and dead. A discount rate of 3% was applied as recommended in the Pharmacoeconomic Guidelines for Malaysia. The clinical and utility parameters were derived from the published literatures. Total costs were estimated using unit costs from various local sources and published cost data. Results: Based on 1000 Monte Carlo simulation the mean incremental discounted cost and QALY for everolimus were RM 32,605.28 and 0.35484 respectively, yielded a probabilistic incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of RM 91,887. A minimal reduction in the value of ICER was observed when costs associated with adverse events were excluded and variation of price per tablet was explored. Conclusion: Everolimus may be considered a cost-effective strategy at the suggested value of cost-effectiveness threshold by World Health Organization (1-3 gross domestic product (GDP) per capita). However, if the suggested cost-effectiveness threshold for Malaysia is taken into consideration (≤ 1 GDP per capita), this treatment may not be a cost-effective strategy in Malaysia.

Shark-diving tourism as a financing mechanism for shark conservation strategies in Malaysia

This study estimated the economic value of the shark-diving industry in Semporna, the most popular diving destination of Malaysia, by surveying the expenditures of diving tourists and dive operators through the region. A willingness-to-pay survey was also used to estimate the potential of the industry as a financing mechanism for enforcement and management of a hypothetical Marine Protected Area (MPA) to conserve shark populations. The study showed that in 2012, shark-diving tourism provided direct revenues in excess of USD 9.8 million to the Semporna region. These economic benefits had a flow-on effect, generating more than USD 2 million in direct taxes to the government and USD 1.4 million in salaries to the community. A contingent valuation analysis indicated that implementation of a fee paid by divers could generate over USD 2 million for management and enforcement of the MPA each year. These findings suggest that shark diving is an important contributor to the economy of the Semporna region that could be used as a mechanism to assist financial resourcing for management and conservation strategies.

Resetting Neoliberal Values: Lawmaking in Malaysia's Islamic Finance

In economic geography and cognate disciplines, a good deal of attention has been paid to the roles of investors, lenders, analysts, advisors, actuaries, and other skilled financial professionals in forming and reproducing financial and other markets. Relatively neglected, by contrast, is the work of lawyers, judges, and other legal agents. This article redresses this imbalance by making two contributions. First, we highlight the role of legal labor in financial market formation in Malaysia, specifically the role of Shariah jurists and translators in institutionalizing the (re)production of Islamic values in market life. Second, drawing on cases of financial litigation and interviews with Shariah scholars, we argue that Malaysia's strategy to develop its Islamic financial governance institutions, to bolster its international stature, and to extend the regional, national, and international reach and mobility of its Islamic values is intrinsically geographical in nature. The strategy involves a rescaling and consolidation of legal spaces and institutions—including the Central Bank, the juridical system, Islamic universities, research think tanks, and their Shariah bureaucrats and professionals—to facilitate the geographical mobility of Malaysian sharia expertise to otherwise secular legal spaces. Yet, we argue that this strategy has not led to a retreat from neoliberal influence but rather to a reordering of market values and norms that collateralize moral risks in addition to market risks.

How can the development of neighbourhood renewal strategies in Malaysia be informed by best practice and transferable lessons from developed countries

How can the development of neighbourhood renewal strategies in Malaysia be informed by best practice and transferable lessons from developed countries

Development of neighbourhood renewal in Malaysia through case study for middle income households in New Village Jinjang, Kuala Lumpur

Neighbourhood renewal policy and strategies in Malaysia yet to be established with most of them are ad-hoc. Project selection is fully controlled by the government and have been influenced by economic and political aspects. This paper aimed to establish neighbourhood renewal strategies in Malaysia through lessons learnt from developed countries and case study in New Village Jinjang. Jinjang was selected as it represents middle-low income households that have been sacrificed in urban regeneration due to its history background and current governance system. This study was conducted via literature review, questionnaire survey and site visit. It found that safety is the main concern and willingness to involve in neighbourhood renewal rely heavily on the time spent as middle class treated these programmes as a ‘social interaction’ programme rather than a necessity. Facilities for elderly emphasis on its practicalities in social interaction and as a tool to take care of their grandchildren. A sustainable neighbourhood renewal shall meant for the entire nation in order for them to improve, maintain and upgrade their quality of life whenever is necessary. Hence it shall be initiated by local communities through regulated funding system with local authorities act as resource providers rather than implementers.

SUCCESSFUL LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES USED BY SUCCESSFUL YEAR 5 ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (ESL) LEARNERS

Research on language learning strategies in Malaysia has been carried out extensively since mid 1990s. However, these studies have not covered the language learning strategies among native pupils in suburban primary school in Mukah, Sarawak. The main objective of the study was to identify the language learning strategies used by English as Second Language (ESL) learners. Data was collected using a survey questionnaire with 20 outstanding Year 5 ESL Iban learners in one of the suburban schools in Mukah, Sarawak. The instrument used in this study include a Language Strategy Use Questionnaire adapted from Language Strategy Use Inventory by Cohen, Oxford and Chi (2002). The adapted version of Language Strategy Use Questionnaire consists of 60 statements concerning the four major English language skills, namely listening, speaking and reading as well as acquisition of vocabulary and grammar. Data was analyzed through mean, frequency, percentage and standard deviation. The findings revealed that these learners were moderate users of listening, reading, writing, grammar and vocabulary strategies and low users of speaking strategies. There were variations in responses with regard to the use of language learning strategies among primary school learners. The pedagogical implications of the findings are also discussed.

Agriculture and food security challenge of climate change: a dynamic analysis for policy selection

This study presents an empirical examination of climate change related to vulnerability impacts on food security and remedial adaptation options as a suitable strategy by prioritizing needs over a 50-year period. An Empirical Dynamic Commutable General Equilibrium Model for Climate and the Economy (EDCGECE) is applied using future strategies for Malaysia against a baseline scenario of existing conditions, following the top-down options. The model takes into account various climatic variables, including climatic damage, carbon cycle, temperature and rainfall fluctuation, carbon emissions, vulnerability and carbon concentrations, which were adapted from national observational predictions of climatic changes caused by global warming from 2015 to 2065. The results prioritize climate change mitigation for the future. Specifically, this study estimates Malaysia’s food sustainability prospects without adaptation actions and with 5 % to 20 % adaptation actions overtime in different adaptation scenarios, as contrasted with the baseline. The results indicate that food sustainability cost in the baseline in 2015 is 859.3 million US Dollar (USD), which is about a 30-35 % shortage compared with the national targets, and that the shortage will rise over time to USD 987.3 million in 2065. However, the cost of applying different levels of adaptation for food sustainability over time is rising considerably. However, the residual damage also decreases with all adaptation actions in the different scenarios. Thus, adaptation shows a positive sign for Malaysia’s agricultural sectors. As growth values are positive and show rising trends, therefore the projected adaptation policy can be effective for food sustainability for sustainable future strategies in Malaysia.

Navigating HIV prevention policy and Islam in Malaysia: contention, compatibility or reconciliation? Findings from in-depth interviews among key stakeholders.

BackgroundMalaysia is a multicultural society, predominantly composed of a Muslim majority population, where Islam is influential. Malaysia has a concentrated HIV epidemic amongst high risk groups, such as, Intravenous Drug Users (IVDU), sex workers, transgender women and Men who have sex with Men (MSM). The objective of this study is to understand how Islam shapes HIV prevention strategies in Malaysia by interviewing the three key stakeholder groups identified as being influential, namely the Ministry of Health, Religious leaders and People living with HIV.MethodsThirty-Five in depth semi structured interviews were undertaken with religious leaders, Ministry of Health and People living with HIV in the last half of 2013 using purposive sampling. Interviews adhered to a topic guide, were audiotaped, and transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a framework analysis.ResultsThemes including the importance of Islam to health, stakeholder relationships and opinions on HIV prevention emerged. Islam was seen to play a pivotal role in shaping strategies relating to HIV prevention in Malaysia both directly and indirectly. Stakeholders often held different approaches to HIV prevention, which had to be sensitively considered, with some favouring promotion of Islamic principles, whilst others steering towards a more public health centred approach.ConclusionsThe study suggests that Islam indeed plays an important role in shaping health policies and strategies related to HIV prevention in Malaysia. Certainly, stakeholders do hold differing viewpoints, such as stances of what constitutes the right approach to HIV prevention. However there are also areas of broad consensus, such as the importance in Islamic tradition to prevent harm and disease, which can be crafted into existing and future HIV prevention strategies in Malaysia, as well as the wider Muslim world.

Food Security Challenge of Climate Change: An Analysis for Policy Selection

Food security and the ability to meet this fundamental need is without a doubt an important objective to all nations. This study deals with climate change adaptation and its costs-benefits with an empirical analysis optimizing food security related adaptation strategy over a 50-year time frame. An Empirical Dynamic Commutable General Equilibrium Model for Climate and the Economy (EDCGECE) is applied to describe the potential effects of climate change on food security and examine the implications of future strategies for Malaysia. Specifically, this study considers the potential effects of climate change on food security and explores the prioritizing of mitigation options. Different scenarios show a baseline scenario without adaptation action followed by introduction of adaptation actions. The analysis reveals important contrasts from baseline to future options over time. The results indicate that food sustainability gap in Malaysia is about 30–35% below the national targets in 2015 (baseline) and the gap is rising over time due to climatic effects in agriculture. However, applying different levels of adaptation actions, (e.g. 5–20%) food security gaps are reduced over time considerably. The projected adaptation strategies applied in this study would be effective and helpful to support sustainable food security related strategies in Malaysia.

The Integration of Lean Construction and Sustainable Construction: A Stakeholder Perspective in Analyzing Sustainable Lean Construction Strategies in Malaysia

The simultaneous implementations of Sustainable Construction (SC) and Lean Construction (LC) concepts/practices are feasible in a strategic approach to accomplish improvement in reducing waste, which resulted in both positive environment and economic outcomes. Although both concepts/practices are capable of attaining significant environmental and economical benefits, organizations still experiencing difficulty to integrate the concepts successfully. The literature indicates that the construction industry in many countries have encountered poor implementation and integration of both concepts. Therefore, this paper aims to lay the groundwork for future empirical study by investigating on various dimensions of SC and LC, where the theoretical and practical findings provided a foundation for integrating the two initiatives to yield the efficient use of valuable resources.

EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF VIRAL NERVOUS NECROSIS (VNN) IN MALAYSIAN GROUPERS: SEQUENCE ANALYSIS STRATEGIES AND QUASISPECIES DETERMINANT’S

EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDY OF VIRAL NERVOUS NECROSIS (VNN) IN MALAYSIAN GROUPERS: SEQUENCE ANALYSIS STRATEGIES AND QUASISPECIES DETERMINANT’S

Political Communication in Malaysia: A study on the Use of New Media in Politics

To gain and retain political power, politicians use the media to persuade the masses to vote and support them, especially during elections. Barisan Nasional (BN) has successfully used the media to maintain its power for the past 57 years, making it the longest-serving elected government in the world still currently in office. However, the emergence of the Internet has challenged the status quo. The purpose of the research was to investigate how new media has influenced the political process and communication strategies in Malaysia and its impact on the political landscape. The researcher interviewed 19 respondents: politicians, bloggers and media consultants from both sides of the political divide. The findings showed that new media, especially Web 2.0, has expanded the public sphere and enabled more Malaysians to participate in the democratic process, through information dissemination, mobilisation or crowd-sourcing. However, the cyber-war between BN and the opposition Pakatan Rakyat (PR) has caused confusion and disinformation, affecting the quality of democratic decision-making. Nevertheless, new media has enabled more voices to emerge and challenge the political hegemony.

Malaysia Strategies in Sustaining its Antarctic Endeavours

This article evaluates the ways Malaysia strategies its Antarctic's path in assuring the sustainability of its scientific works, as well as its diplomatic linkages with the Governors of Antarctica Region. The main concerns for Malaysia is to be able to maintain the efforts to tackle the human capital shortage in order to compete and maintain constantly scientific activities in the cold region as evident that Malaysia qualifies to be the Consultative Member State‘s status. This paper clarifies the strategies activated by Malaysia at local level and at international endeavours in sustaining its interests in the Antarctica Science.

On-line CO, CO2 emissions evaluation and (benzene, toluene, xylene) determination from experimental burn of tropical biomass

Atmospheric pollution and global warming issues are increasingly becoming major environmental concerns. Fire is one of the significant sources of pollutant gases released into the atmosphere; and tropical biomass fires, which are of particular interest in this study, contribute greatly to the global budget of CO and CO2. This pioneer research simulates the natural biomass burning strategy in Malaysia using an experimental burning facility. The investigation was conducted on the emissions (CO2, CO, and Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylenes (BTEX)) from ten tropical biomass species. The selected species represent the major tropical forests that are frequently subjected to dry forest fire incidents. An experimental burning facility equipped with an on-line gas analyzer was employed to determine the burning emissions. The major emission factors were found to vary among the species, and the specific results were as follows. The moisture content of a particular biomass greatly influenced its emission pattern. The smoke analysis results revealed the existence of BTEX, which were sampled from a combustion chamber by enrichment traps aided with a universal gas sampler. The BTEX were determined by organic solvent extraction followed by GC/MS quantification, the results of which suggested that the biomass burning emission factor contributed significant amounts of benzene, toluene, and m,p-xylene. The modified combustion efficiency (MCE) changed in response to changes in the sample moisture content. Therefore, this study concluded that the emission of some pollutants mainly depends on the burning phase and sample moisture content of the biomass.