Educational Strategies Research Articles

Explore the intersection of Self-Determination Theory and cybersecurity education - A literature review

Abstract This paper explores how organizations can create a sustainable, security-first culture in an increasingly complex environment where organizational and national cultures are strong influencing factors in human behaviour. In cybersecurity education, as in any effort of education, there must be a principled commitment to long-term behaviour modification through intrinsic motivation, foundational to employees acting consistently in secure ways. The review of the literature falls squarely within Self-Determination Theory, underlining the pertinence of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as distinctive factors in cybersecurity education, highlighting that these constructs are necessary at all levels for perpetual security and compliance. The results indicated that an effective security-first culture could only emerge when cybersecurity formed part of the core values and practices within organizations. It also explained that leadership styles, such as transformational and servant leadership, play an important role in the development of intrinsic motivation by fostering trust, empowerment, and a sense of shared responsibility. It also highlights how national cultural dimensions, such as individualism and power distance, may change how differently oriented employees respond to cybersecurity policies and practices. Approaches to cybersecurity education should be tailored to both organizational and national cultural factors to develop cybersecurity education strategies that could go beyond mere compliance and build a proactive security mindset. This is important because it underlines how the SDT acts as a framework for understanding how companies could help foster a security-first culture that, at the same time, will create sustainable, resilient, and intrinsically driven cybersecurity behaviours among employees.

Disaster Mitigation Knowledge Based on Local Wisdom Integration in Elementary Schools

Elementary schools as a basic education environment have limited knowledge and understanding of disaster preparedness, both among students, teachers, and the surrounding community. The lack of effective educational strategies, especially in integrating local knowledge and traditional wisdom, is a major obstacle in preparing elementary schools to face disasters. This study aims to describe and analyze the forms of knowledge obtained from disaster preparedness education based on local wisdom integration for elementary schools. This study uses a qualitative case study method, where participants are selected from various stakeholders involved in elementary education and disaster preparedness. The results of the study indicate that various types of disaster preparedness education knowledge have been identified, including basic knowledge, specific disaster preparedness knowledge, local wisdom knowledge, emergency response and evacuation knowledge, environmental knowledge and prevention, and social knowledge and cooperation. Understanding disaster mitigation can influence students' attitudes and behaviors in facing disasters, so that by providing elementary school students with comprehensive and contextual knowledge about disaster mitigation, equipping them with important and wiser life skills.

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotics misuse among attendants of primary health care centers / descriptive cross-section study in Basra center

Abstract Background: Antibiotics are the communal drugs used in developing countries. The irrational use of antibiotics (Abs) is a huge problem on the national health care system which lead to development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding misuse of antibiotics by attendants of primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Basra center and studying the factors contributing to this problem. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 20 out of 40 PHCCs in 1st, 2nd and 3rd sectors of PHC in Basra city center /Iraq between 1st of February and the 31st of July 2023.The target population was attendants of PHCCs, then the collected data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program version 26. Results: Data of the study showed a relatively good knowledge score 77.71% regarding the proper use of Abs and AMR for the participants. 90% of the participants knew about side effects of Abs. 76.29% of the participants in the study showed good attitude about the problem of AMR and risk factors leading to it, however 2.29% of the participants had good practice which was a very low percentage and these results caused by many factors related to the persons themselves, sociodemographic features, doctors-patients and pharmacists-patients relationships, the results of current study showed that 25.7% of participants using self-prescription strategy in using of Abs. Conclusions: - Final results of statistical analysis of data collected in this study showed a relatively good knowledge about the uses of Abs and good attitude regarding misuse of Abs and risk of AMR, but despite of that there was a higher percent of bad behaviors and unproper usage of these medications. Age and educational level had strongest effects on the degree of knowledge, believes and behaviors. Despite of high percent of information sources was from educational programs in health care institutes, but some of them need to increase works on the methods of health education strategies. Keywords: knowledge, attitude, practice, antibiotics, misuse, primary health care (PHC), Basra city, Iraq

Analysis of determinant factors affecting treatment compliance of hypertensive patients

Introduction: Hypertension requires regular and controlled treatment to stabilize blood pressure and prevent complications. Many hypertensive patients do not comply with hypertension treatment procedures, including medication. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the determinant factors influencing medication compliance in hypertensive patients. Methods: The research method used was observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. Data collection using a questionnaire. The sample in this study was 67 hypertension patients. Data analysis used the chi-square test. Result: The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of the level of knowledge (p = 0.045), motivation to seek treatment (p = 0.000), and family support (p = 0.000) on medication compliance in hypertensive patients. Conclusion: Motivation to seek treatment is the most dominant variable on compliance with the treatment of hypertension patients. Health workers must develop an educational strategy focusing on increasing patient motivation.

Implementation of the I-DECIDED® Tool for PIVC Assessment and Decision Making: Discussion Paper

Highlights Abstract Introduction: Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) assessment and decision making should be evidence based to minimize risks and enhance patient care. Exploring implementation strategies from successful outcome studies can raise health care professionals’ awareness, boost adherence to evidence-based protocols, and elevate PIVC care standards. Aim: To describe the implementation of the I-DECIDED® device assessment and decision tool for PIVC management in the Australian and Brazilian contexts. Methods: The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) framework (evidence, context, facilitation) was used to prospectively plan the implementation of the tool in adult inpatient units in Australia and to retrospectively analyze the implementation of the tool in a pediatric inpatient unit in Brazil. Similarities and differences in the implementation studies were explored. Results: Implementation of the tool in Australia and Brazil demonstrated that prevention and early detection of PIVC complications is achievable with standardized assessment and decision prompts. Both contexts witnessed a reduction in idle PIVCs, decreased insertion site complications, improved dressing quality, and significant improvements in documentation following implementation. Common implementation strategies included champions, education, badge cards, and posters. Enabling flexibility and context-specific education strategies was essential. Conclusion: Standardization of PIVC assessment and decision making using the I-DECIDED® tool reduced the prevalence of idle catheters and complications in Australia and Brazil. Implementation of the tool in different contexts confirms its utility and relevance for PIVC management in diverse health care settings. Promotion and adoption of the tool as a PIVC management bundle could increase patient safety and reduce health care costs.

The learning strategy for biodiversity concept: Pedagogical analysis based on technological pedagogical and content knowledge

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize quality education and environmental protection. Biodiversity education in Phase E requires students to solve problems related to biodiversity. However, complex terminology and limited learning tools create challenges. This research aims to analyze effective learning strategies for teaching biodiversity using a TPACK framework. The method used in this research is a literature review carried out systematically by PRISMA. The analysis will map pedagogical approaches, content based on CoRes analysis, and technological aspects. Findings will inform the development of effective learning strategies for high school biodiversity education, contributing to achieving SDGs, particularly SDG 15 on terrestrial ecosystems. The finding shows that The use of CoRes to narrow down the information is required to instruct students and promote the attainment of the 15th SDG goal. Based on the findings of the analysis, the pedagogical review of the approach used, namely local wisdom, the field trip method, and the discovery learning model, as well as the use of technology to assist students in identifying PlantNet, Picture This, and iNaturalist, is considered effective to be implemented in learning biodiversity material.

다성부 음악 학습에서의 인지적 부하 관리 전략 - 바흐 평균율 클라비어곡집 제1권 C장조 푸가를 중심으로 -

This study analyzed how piano instructors manage the cognitive load experienced by students when learning Bach’s Fugue in C Major from The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book I, based on Cognitive Load Theory (CLT). In-depth interviews were conducted through Focus Group Interviews (FGI) with six instructors with over ten years of teaching experience, exploring various strategies to reduce cognitive load in complex polyphonic music learning. The results showed that students experienced a high cognitive load in maintaining independent voices, identifying the subject and counter-subject, analyzing the structure, managing rhythm and tempo, balancing voices, and memorizing. To address this, the instructors guided students to practice voices separately, visually mark the subject and counter-subject, and use recordings to enhance understanding. Additionally, students were assisted in mastering dynamics and articulation through diverse performance examples and encouraged to maintain tempo by tapping a steady beat. To reduce learning burdens, students were also allowed to explore freely without being constrained by fixed tempo, and sectional practice was used to effectively understand the structure and reduce cognitive load. This study suggests the applicability of CLT in complex polyphonic music learning and provides foundational material for developing effective instructional strategies in music education.

Producing Work Ready Graduates Through Islamic Education Management Strategies

The policy regarding the need to produce graduates with high job readiness encourages Islamic Education Management study programs to be cautious in applying the correct strategies. Therefore, this article aims to concretely identify the strategies that can be used by Islamic Education Management programs to produce job ready graduates, explain why using these strategies correctly is important, and discuss the implications of the strategies employed in Islamic Education Management. This research was conducted using a qualitative method with a literature review approach. The researcher applied content analysis as a technique for data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of management strategies for Islamic education has shown good results in producing graduates who are job ready. This is evident from the high job readiness of graduates who successfully secured employment in relevant fields and institutions within a relatively short period, Based on the findings, the strategies employed by Islamic Education Management in producing job ready graduates include coaching, development, improvement, and training. The existence of these strategies serves to produce competent, competitive, quality and character driven graduates. The implications of the strategies applied in Islamic Education Management include the creation of managerial knowledge competencies among graduates, high job absorption rates, competent graduates, and graduates excelling in various professions related to Islamic Education Management. This research can contribute to the development of effective learning models that can enhance graduates adaptation in the workforce.

Teachers’ Content Knowledge and Strategies Used in Teaching Physical Science in Selected Schools at Buffalo City Municipality, South Africa

Physical Science encourages an ethical and responsible approach to studying, creating, and applying the sciences. In South Africa, there is a devaluation of indigenous scientific knowledge and limited access to scientific knowledge due to a history of poor, non-existent, or inadequate schooling in some communities. This paper investigates teachers’ content knowledge and strategies for teaching Physical Science in selected schools at Buffalo City Municipality, East London, South Africa. This paper adopted a descriptive research design and used random sampling to select forty-two Physical Science teachers out of the total population of fifty-two. Self-designed structured questionnaire of Likert modified scale response, the Physical Science Teachers’ Content Knowledge and Strategies Questionnaire (PSTCKSQ), was used to collect participant feedback. Three research questions were set for the paper and revealed the following respectively, a Mean () 3.33 shows a general agreement across all items about the positive impact and importance of Physical Science education another Mean () 3.14 shows a general agreement across all items about the effectiveness and use of different teaching strategies in Physical Science education and the mean score ( = 2.79) indicates moderate agreement on the adequacy of teacher training in Physical Science content. It is recommended among others that Physical Science teachers should establish a stimulating and productive learning environment that encourages students’ curiosity, comprehension, and admiration of the topic by utilising their content expertise. The paper concludes that to address local and global concerns, assist economic development, promote scientific literacy, create employment possibilities, and encourage critical thinking and well-informed decision-making, Physical Science education is essential in South African schools for driving innovation and technological advancement.

학습자의 음악 학습 동기 및 교과 흥미가 음악 수업 참여에 미치는 영향 - 지각된 교수자 자율성 지지의 조절효과를 중심으로 -

This study analyzed the factors influencing middle school students' participation in music classes to explore effective strategies for music education. To this end, learner-centered factors, such as music learning motivation and subject interest, and an instructional environmental factor, perceived instructor autonomy support, were selected to systematically examine the relationships among these variables. A survey was conducted with 237 first-year middle school students in Gyeonggi Province, utilizing scales measuring music learning motivation, subject interest, perceived instructor autonomy support, and music class participation. The analysis revealed the following results. First, higher levels of music learning motivation and subject interest significantly increased participation in music classes. Second, perceived instructor autonomy support not only significantly enhanced music class participation but also moderated the relationships between music learning motivation, subject interest, and class participation. These findings suggest that fostering students' motivation and interest, along with creating an environment where instructors support autonomy, can effectively enhance participation in music classes. This study provides new insights into the importance of learner-centered learning environments and the instructor's role in music education, contributing to practical educational approaches for strengthening learner participation.

Comparison of perceptions of the dental education environment among students from national dental schools in South Korea, Laos, and Vietnam

Purpose: This study seeks to analyze the educational environments of the national dental schools in South Korea, Laos, and Vietnam to develop targeted educational support strategies for Laos and Vietnam.Materials and methods: The survey, using the DREEM specific to the healthcare field, was conducted online, with 97, 109, 215 dental students from a single national university in South Korea (SKU), Laos (LU), and Vietnam (VU), respectively. The data allowed us to compare students’ perceptions of the educational environment across the three institutions and analyze differences by gender, academic achievement, and year of study.Results: VU, LU, and SKU reported scores of 133.47, 129.66, and 104.23, respectively, all within the "more positive than negative" range (101–150 points). SKU scored lowest in the category of "students’ perception of learning" (mean score of 1.82), while VU and LU had the lowest scores in category of "students’ perceptions of atmosphere" (mean scores of 2.49 and 2.57, respectively) and "students’ social self-perceptions" (mean scores of 2.49 and 2.52, respectively). In contrast to SKU, VU and LU showed no differences between achievement groups, with male students scoring lower than female students in some DREEM categories.Conclusion: We expect that analyzing the educational environment from the beneficiaries’ perspective and developing strategies based on this analysis will provide practical support to dental schools in Laos and Vietnam.

Interaction between Leadership, Interpersonal Relationships and Organisational Climate: Case Study in the Peruvian Aymara region

In the dynamic outlook of current educational management, pedagogical leadership, interpersonal relationships and organisational climate emerge as fundamental pillars for institutional success. This research explores the intricate interconnection between these three crucial elements in the context of public elementary schools in the Aymara region of Perú. The methodology used corresponds to the quantitative approach and a descriptive-correlational design. The study analysed the perceptions of 125 teachers from six primary educational institutions by applying validated questionnaires. The findings reveal significant correlations between the variables; a high positive relationship between pedagogical leadership and interpersonal relationships (r=0.99), between pedagogical leadership and organisational climate (r=0.99), and between interpersonal relationships and organisational climate (r=0.96). It is concluded that there is a high degree of positive relationships between the three variables. These results validate the hypotheses put forward and underscore the critical importance of leadership in creating a harmonious and productive educational environment. The implications of this study are profound, highlighting how effective leadership can catalyse positive interpersonal relationships and, consequently, foster a healthy organisational climate, resulting in a cordial atmosphere for the educational community. Based on social and emotional skills, this synergy emerges as the key to achieving institutional goals in today's challenging educational environment. The analysis provided offers a solid foundation for future research and implementing more effective and holistic educational management strategies.

Leveraging Expert Perspectives to Explore Key Elements in Integrating Sustainability and Statistics Education

The integration of sustainability education across subjects is an effort to instill concern in students for preserving global well-being. However, experts are required to be involved in organizing effective strategies to ensure that the targeted goals are achieved through the integration of sustainability education across subjects. Our research explored expert views on the elements that need to be emphasized in integrating sustainability education and statistics education. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to collect data from 13 experts, including lecturers, curriculum developers, and teachers. The continuous comparative analysis of the collected data produced four themes, discovering elements that must be present in integrating sustainability education and statistics education, namely (i) statistics education, (ii) sustainability education, (iii) statistical data, and (iv) learning strategies. The findings of this study significantly contribute to contemporary curriculum development by identifying key components necessary for merging sustainability education with statistics education. Hence, the difficulty of school teachers to integrate sustainability education into statistics education should be recognized, so as to input teachers and curriculum developers in providing relevant learning experiences in the objectives of statistics education and sustainability education.

Understanding the Factors Influencing Curriculum and Instructional Strategies

In educational institutions of all levels, curriculum and instructional strategies are important factors that needs to be taken into account. These are the strategies, which have the primary aim of formulating the course content in accordance to the grade levels of students. In accordance to curriculum, the instructional strategies are implemented by educators. The educators are required to be well informed in terms of different factors, which are facilitating in leading to up gradation of curriculum and instructional strategies. The grade levels of students are an important area that needs to be taken into account, when putting into practice different types of curriculum and instructional strategies. The educators need to take into account the standards and ensure, these are facilitating in promoting student learning. In order to achieve educational goals and lead to up-gradation of overall system of education, the curriculum and instructional strategies need to be enhanced. Hence, when conducting research on curriculum and instructional strategies, it is necessary to augment information in terms of factors. Furthermore, inculcation of traits of morality, ethics, diligence and conscientiousness are regarded as vital in order to do well in one’s job duties and generate desired outcomes. As a consequence, educators and co ordinators of curriculum and instruction will contribute efficiently in generating desired outcomes. Therefore, it is well understood, up gradation of curriculum and instructional strategies is approving in carrying out all types of tasks and activities in a satisfactory manner. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, factors influencing curriculum and instructional strategies and measures to be put into practice in leading to up-gradation of curriculum and instructional strategies.

Creative Teaching Ability, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy Among Art And Design Teachers in Chinese Universities

This study explores the relationship between creative teaching ability, motivation, and self-efficacy among 425 art and design teachers in Chinese universities. A quantitative survey approach investigated these factors and their influence on teaching effectiveness. Most participants were female, aged 26-35, and held Master’s degrees or higher. The study identified “Evaluation and Reflection” as the most critical aspect for fostering creative teaching, while “Teacher Work Environment and Development” was the strongest motivator. Interestingly, self-development emerged as the most important factor for teacher self-efficacy. Age also played a significant role in the analysis. These findings highlight the interconnectedness of creative teaching ability, motivation, and self-efficacy for effective art and design education. The study proposes a comprehensive development plan for art and design schools based on these results. This plan encompasses strategies for educators, students, schools, and researchers. Educators would benefit from increased professional development opportunities, research support, and effective evaluation methods. Students would experience personalized education, practical training through industry collaboration, and mental health support. Schools could enhance interdisciplinary collaboration, implement international exchange programs, and cultivate an innovative college culture. Finally, researchers would be empowered by an improved research environment with grants, mentorship programs, and academic exchange opportunities. By implementing these recommendations, art and design schools can create an environment that fosters creative teaching, motivates educators, and ultimately enhances the overall learning experience for students.

A Review on Knowledge of Diabetes, Medication Adherence, and Factors associated with Non- adherence among Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients

Background: This review paper addresses the critical issue of medication adherence among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This review paper aims to evaluates the current literature on prevalence of medication adherence among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, assesses the level of knowledge regarding diabetes mellitus and its association with medication adherence. In addition, to identify and analyse the factors contributing to non-adherence to medication among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: The authors conducted a thorough literature review using databases such as ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. They focused on peer-reviewed articles published between 2019 and 2024, employing keywords related to medication adherence, knowledge, and sociodemographic factors. A total 25 studies selected for inclusion, utilizing various methodologies including quantitative, qualitative, and interventional approaches. Results: The findings revealed significant variability in medication adherence rates among T2DM patients, ranging from 35.8% to 67.5%. Key factors influencing adherence included sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, education level, and economic status. Higher levels of diabetes knowledge were associated with better adherence, although the relationship was not universally significant, indicating that other factors also play a role. Conclusion: The review concludes that enhancing medication adherence among T2DM patients requires targeted interventions that address identified barriers, including educational deficits and socioeconomic challenges. Further research is recommended to develop effective educational strategies tailored to diverse patient populations, ultimately aiming to improve health outcomes and adherence rates in this critical area of public health.

Investigating gifted students’ higher-order thinking skills in a differentiated learning environment: A case study

Gifted learners are usually identified as students who show higher levels of aptitude or competence compared to their peers of the same age. Their advanced abilities often require specially designed educational strategies to meet their intellectual needs. By designing educational strategies that are appropriately challenging and intellectually stimulating, educators can support gifted students in reaching their full potential, ensuring that their talents are well-developed. This study aims to investigate how higher-order thinking skills (HOTs) can be developed in gifted students through their participation in an interdisciplinary project within a differentiated learning environment. The HOTs defined in this study are associated with Bloom’s upper-level taxonomy, which includes analysing, evaluating, and creating. The interdisciplinary project was designed using a “backward design” approach, incorporating three subjects: History, Islam, and Moral Education. The study focused on employing differentiated instruction in terms of both content and process. Based on the desired learning outcomes of the three courses, the “big idea” (theme), namely “Independence Commemoration,” is created to guide the instructor in designing an interdisciplinary project. A case study was adopted in the current study. The study involved 21 students, aged 15 and 16, enrolled in a high school in Northern Malaysia offering the Advanced Smart Education Program. Data was collected from interdisciplinary project discussions in Google Docs and analysed qualitatively using the content analysis method. The depth of students’ thinking levels was evaluated using the revised Bloom’s taxonomy. The findings show that the interdisciplinary project, implemented in a differentiated learning environment, was less effective in promoting students’ HOTs, as most students tended to offer superficial responses. The study discussed the challenges of designing and implementing an interdisciplinary project in a differentiated learning environment. It also outlined the implications for school and classroom practices of such a project. Additionally, the study provided recommendations or solutions to address the problems identified based on the findings.

A Study on Student Failure in Dzongkha Examinations at Khasadrapchu Middle Secondary School in Thimphu Distri

Abstract: This research aims to explore the reasons behind student failure in the Dzongkha examination for Classes IV-X at Khasadrapchu Middle Secondary School in the Thimphu District. Despite attempts to improve academic performance, a notable portion of students find it challenging to get passing marks in this important subject. This study adopted a mixed method approach with quantitative data analysis of sixteen Likert scale items, interviews, and three open-ended qualitative survey items with students, and teachers. The primary findings indicate that insufficient language skills, lack of interest, ineffective teaching methods, inadequate learning resources, and inconsistent learning text are the main factors contributing to students’ poor performance in this subject. The objective of this study is to offer perspectives that can guide educational strategies and approaches to enhance student performance in Dzongkha and cultivate a more encouraging learning atmosphere at Khasadrapchu Middle Secondary School.

ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF INDIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A FRAMEWORK OF INDIVIDUAL, CONTEXTUAL, AND EDUCATIONAL FACTORS

This study explores how universities in India can cultivate entrepreneurial potential among students, driving both innovation and economic growth. By developing a detailed framework, the research dives into the personal, contextual, and educational factors that inspire students' entrepreneurial intentions. It identifies self-efficacy, social networks, and structured entrepreneurship education as critical motivators, shedding light on how these elements collectively influence a student’s journey toward entrepreneurship. Using a thematic approach, the study pieces together insights from the literature, revealing that tailored educational programs, dedicated university support, and awareness of sustainability play powerful roles in equipping students with the skills and mindset needed for success. Social and cultural capital also stand out as key forces, creating support networks that can either fuel or dampen entrepreneurial ambitions. While the framework provides a valuable roadmap, it also highlights the need to adapt educational strategies to diverse cultural contexts, suggesting areas for future exploration. This work aims to inform educational practices and policies, ultimately contributing to a more vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem. Through this integrated approach, the study offers new perspectives on how institutions can inspire and support the next generation of entrepreneurs, using education, social capital, and institutional resources as essential building blocks.

Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Systematic Review

Background/Objectives: COVID-19 is an infectious disease whose prevention is significantly aided by vaccination, which reduces both case severity and mortality. Despite the safety and efficacy of vaccines, acceptance is not universal, and understanding of the factors influencing vaccination decisions and hesitancy remains limited. This review aims to identify and analyze studies addressing two key questions: what influences the decision to vaccinate and what factors are associated with vaccine hesitancy. Methods: This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Data collection utilized descriptors related to vaccine adherence and hesitancy, based on the PEO strategy of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Searches were conducted in Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Lilacs, and Web of Science, focusing on publications from 2021, the year the first COVID-19 vaccine was approved. After excluding duplicates and selecting articles based on eligibility criteria, the analysis involved data extraction and methodological quality assessment using JBI tools. Results: A total of 5268 publications were identified, with 30 included in this study. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy included low education levels, social media influence, confidence in vaccine safety, and fear of side effects. In contrast, factors linked to vaccine acceptance included higher education, higher income, older age, and existing comorbidities. Conclusions: The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted health communication and education strategies, particularly for vulnerable groups. Public health policies should incorporate these factors to enhance vaccination adherence and build public confidence in vaccine safety, which is essential for mitigating future health emergencies.