Purification Scheme Research Articles

Науково-технологічні рішення щодо скорочення баластних солей при очищенні коксового газу.

The article deals with the causes of formation of ballast salts in circulating solutions of the absorption process during the purification of coke oven gas from hydrogen sulphide. The processes occurring during the hydrogen sulphide recovery from coke oven gas using the vacuum carbonate method, which consists in washing the coke oven gas with a soda solution, are considered in detail. In this process, acidic components are captured: hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen cyanide. The article analyses the causes and stages of ballast salt formation, provides equations and conditions for the relevant reactions The article analyses the causes and stages of ballast salt formation, provides equations for the relevant reactions, and indicates ways to reduce their formation. The advantages of a two-stage purification scheme are shown, which allow to reduce the content of unregenerated ballast salts at the second stage. At the same time, the potential of the first stage of purification is used for the selective extraction of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). It has been shown that the selective absorption of hydrogen cyanide in relation to hydrogen sulphide (H2S) at the first stage of purification leads to a significant reduction in the supply of hydrogen cyanide to the second stage of absorption, and, accordingly, to a reduction in the formation of unregenerated ballast salts in the second stage solution. The article calculates the consumption of soda products in the process of vacuum-carbonate desulphurisation with selective absorption of hydrogen cyanide in the first stage scrubber and hydrogen sulphide in the second stage scrubber, and also calculates the soda savings for the production of solutions of different concentrations. The possibility of integrating the used technical solutions into the existing scheme of two-stage desulphurisation is noted. The considered scheme of coke oven gas desulphurisation with isolated solution cycles of different concentrations can be applied in the perspective projects of SE GIPROKOKS for enterprises in Ukraine and abroad. Keywords: ballast salts, two-stage vacuum-carbonate desulphurisation, selective hydrogen cyanide extraction. Corresponding author: M.S. Solovyov, e-mail: solovjov.gpk.ua@gmail.com

Isolation and purification of arsenolipids from natural marine sources for use in speciation and toxicological studies

Environmental context Arsenic exists in different chemical forms in our environment, among others as arsenolipids that are predominately found in appreciable quantities in various marine organisms (seafood). Their origin, biosynthetic pathway, toxicity and their potential biological role are not fully understood. We report purification strategies for environmental and human health relevant arsenolipids to broaden and support innovative arsenolipid research.Rational This study aims to isolate and purify common arsenolipids found in various seafood from commercially available marine sources to provide an alternative approach to the challenging chemical synthesis.Methodology Arsenic containing fatty acids and arsenic containing hydrocarbons were purified from salmon oil, and the edible dried seaweed Wakame was used for the purification of di-acyl arsenosugar phospholipids and arsenic containing hydrocarbons. The developed purification protocols apply and combine straightforward analytical techniques by means of chemical hydrolysis, solid–liquid extraction, solvent-partitioning, solid-phase extraction and preparative liquid chromatography. Elemental mass spectrometry and HPLC/mass spectrometry were used for the development of the purification protocols and the characterisation of purified natural extracts of arsenolipids.Results The salmon oil (20.0 kg) and Wakame (0.50 kg) samples contained 12.8 and 3.19 mg of lipid-soluble arsenic, respectively. The final purified extracts of arsenic fatty acids and arsenic hydrocarbons obtained from salmon oil contained 0.52 mg As in 85 mg of total mass and 2.19 mg As in 28 mg of total mass, respectively. Purification of di-acyl arsenosugar phospholipids and arsenic containing hydrocarbons from Wakame returned extracts containing 0.345 and 0.237 mg As in ≤20 mg of total mass, respectively.Discussion In a natural product approach, arsenic containing fatty acids, arsenic containing hydrocarbons and di-acyl arsenosugar phospholipids have been purified in a multi-stage process from fish oil and algae samples. In the final purified extracts, around 90% or more of the arsenic was present as mixtures of arsenolipids of their respective arsenolipid classes in only minute amounts of total mass. Application of the purified mixtures in toxicological and speciation studies will benefit the future investigation of arsenolipids.

Optimized synthesis of polyacrylic acid-coated magnetic nanoparticles for high-efficiency DNA isolation and size selection.

Solid-phase reversible immobilization (SPRI) bead technology is widely used in molecular biology for convenient DNA manipulation. However, commercial SPRI bead kits lack cost advantages and flexibility. It is, therefore, necessary to develop new and alternative cost-effective methods of on-par or better quality. Herein, an easy and cost-effective method is proposed for synthesizing polyacrylic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PAA-IONPs) through in situ polymerization at lab scale for high-efficiency nucleic acid extraction and size selection. A design of experiment (DoE) approach was used to investigate the influence of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), acrylic acid (AA) monomer, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant amounts on the sizes and carboxyl group densities of PAA-IONPs. Thorough characterization by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) highlights the importance of a low starting pH achieved by a high ratio of AA/IONPs, to yield the largest sizes (554 nm) and highest carboxyl group densities (2.13 mmol g-1) obtained in this study. An efficient DNA purification strategy is then presented using homemade beads-suspension buffer and optimized bead concentrations (17% PEG 8000, 2.5 M NaCl, and 3 mg mL-1 PAA-IONPs). This method shows comparable performance to the control (AMPure XP beads) for DNA recovery. An adjustable PAA-IONPs DNA purification system was also developed to be used for DNA-size selection at low DNA amounts (50-100 ng) with a high degree of resolution and recovery. In conclusion, this work offers an optimized PAA-IONPs synthesis protocol and a flexible DNA purification approach that will enable researchers to manipulate DNA under various conditions, holding the significant potential to benefit future molecular biology research and diagnostics.

Efficient water-based purification of metal-organic polyhedra by centrifugal ultrafiltration.

An efficient water-based purification strategy for metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) using commercially available centrifugal ultrafiltration membranes was developed. Having a diameter above 3 nm, MOPs were almost fully retained by the filters, while free ligands and other impurities were washed away. MOP retention also enabled efficient counter-ion exchange. This method paves the way for the application of MOPs with biological systems.

A Synopsis of Proteins and Their Purification.

The goal of protein purification is to separate a specific protein from all other biomolecules. Classical chromatographic procedures have been designed to exploit particular distinguishing features of individual target proteins, such as size, shape, physicochemical properties, and binding affinity. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have positively contributed at every level to the challenge of purifying individual proteins and more recently have led to the development of high-throughput proteomic platforms. In this chapter, a synopsis of advancements in the field of protein chromatography is presented, with reference to the principal tools and resources that are available to assist with protein purification strategies.

Characterization of RNase J.

RNase J is involved in RNA maturation as well as degradation of RNA to the level of mononucleotides. This enzyme plays a vital role in maintaining intracellular RNA levels and governs different steps of the cellular metabolism in bacteria. RNase J is the first ribonuclease that was shown to have both endonuclease and5'-3' exonuclease activity. RNase J enzymes can be identified by their characteristic sequence features and domain architecture. The quaternary structure of RNase J plays a role in regulating enzyme activity. The structure of RNase J has been characterized from several homologs. These reveal extensive overall structural similarity alongside a distinct active site topology that coordinates a metal cofactor. The metal cofactor is essential for catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of RNase J is influenced by oligomerization, the choice and stoichiometry of metal cofactors, and the 5' phosphorylation state of the RNA substrate. Here we describe the sequence and structural features of RNase J alongside phylogenetic analysis and reported functional roles in diverse organisms. We also provide a detailed purification strategy to obtain an RNase J enzyme sample with or without a metal cofactor. Different methods to identify the nature of the bound metal cofactor, the binding affinity and stoichiometry are presented. Finally, we describe enzyme assays to characterize RNase J using radioactive and fluorescence-based strategies with diverse RNA substrates.

Closed-loop utilization of polyester in the textile industry

An efficient decolorization strategy for waste polyester textiles and a new purification strategy for the glycolysis product were developed and combined to enable the repeatable use of polyester in the textile industry.

Fatty acid capped, metal oxo clusters as the smallest conceivable nanocrystal prototypes.

Metal oxo clusters of the type M6O4(OH)4(OOCR)12 (M = Zr or Hf) are valuable building blocks for materials science. Here, we synthesize a series of zirconium and hafnium oxo clusters with ligands that are typically used to stabilize oxide nanocrystals (fatty acids with long and/or branched chains). The fatty acid capped oxo clusters have a high solubility but do not crystallize, precluding traditional purification and single-crystal XRD analysis. We thus develop alternative purification strategies and we use X-ray total scattering and Pair Distribution Function (PDF) analysis as our main method to elucidate the structure of the cluster core. We identify the correct structure from a series of possible clusters (Zr3, Zr4, Zr6, Zr12, Zr10, and Zr26). Excellent refinements are only obtained when the ligands are part of the structure model. Further evidence for the cluster composition is provided by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and mass spectrometry (MS). We find that hydrogen bonded carboxylic acid is an intrinsic part of the oxo cluster. Using our analytical tools, we elucidate the conversion from a Zr6 monomer to a Zr12 dimer (and vice versa), induced by carboxylate ligand exchange. Finally, we compare the catalytic performance of Zr12-oleate clusters with oleate capped, 5.5 nm zirconium oxide nanocrystals in the esterification of oleic acid with ethanol. The oxo clusters present a five times higher reaction rate, due to their higher surface area. Since the oxo clusters are the lower limit of downscaling oxide nanocrystals, we present them as appealing catalytic materials, and as atomically precise model systems. In addition, the lessons learned regarding PDF analysis are applicable to other areas of cluster science as well, from semiconductor and metal clusters, to polyoxometalates.

Bilirubin Removal by Plasmafiltration-Adsorption: Ex vivo Adsorption Kinetics Model and Single Case Report

Background: Extracorporeal removal of bilirubin in patients with severe liver dysfunction is a key blood purification strategy. We conducted an ex vivo study to assess the quantitative capacity to remove bilirubin from plasma of a novel adsorptive cartridge. Methods: We studied a downscaled module of the BS330 Plasma Bilirubin Adsorption Column Cartridge (Jafron Biomedical, Zhuhai City, China) to minimize the plasma requirement in an ex vivo circulation using a solution of hyperbilirubinemic plasma. We measured the bilirubin concentration gap (ΔC) between inlet (Cp_in) and outlet (Cp_out) of the unit and we calculated the removal ratio (RR) as mass adsorbed at different time points. Moreover, we compared the ex vivo model with the bilirubin adsorption kinetics in a patient with acute on chronic liver failure treated with the BS330 cartridge. Results: Bilirubin concentration change across the cartridge at 30 min was 16.5%, and cartridge saturation was reached at 750 min. We used a minimodule downscaled to 1:3 and containing approximately 131 g of BS330 sorbent beads: the device retained 759 mg of bilirubin with a RR of 78.1% and a RR of 42.6% at 120 min. Thus, the adsorption capacity was 5.76 mg of bilirubin per gram of sorbent. Bilirubin adsorption kinetics in our clinical case with a full-scale unit shows a coherent trend with a total bilirubin mass adsorbed after 180 min of 470 mg. Discussion: Our findings provide the first assessment of bilirubin adsorption in an ex vivo model of plasma perfusion and can be used to design interventional studies in humans, providing guidance for an adequate prescription of treatment frequency and duration.

Enhancing the Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency of Dyes of Copper-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks through a Dimension-Induced Structural Strategy.

Photocatalytic degradation of pollutants is an effective environment purification strategy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted extensive attention in the field of photocatalysis owing to their structural diversity, uniform cavity, and large specific surface area. However, poor electrical conductivity, light absorption, and water stability restrict their development. The tailorable structure of MOFs may effectively overcome these limitations. Herein, three Cu-based MOFs (complexes 1-3) with one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) structures, respectively, were successfully prepared by introducing different uncoordinated ligands and adjusting the ligand/metal salt ratio. Among them, complex 1 with a 1D chain was constructed as a typical J-type aggregation by π-π stacking interactions between adjacent naphthalene rings. This intermolecular aggregation mode enhances strong exciton coupling between conjugated rings, reduces the transition energy, expands the intrinsic light absorption edge, and provides a channel for electron transport, thus improving the charge-separation efficiency. As expected, complex 1 with a 1D chain structure exhibited excellent Fenton-like catalytic activity. The apparent reaction rates were 3.2 and 2.0 times higher than those of 2D and 3D MOFs, respectively.

Unique kinetics feature and excellent photocatalytic performance of tetracycline photodegradation using yolk-shell TiO2@void@TiO2:Eu3+

The multifunctional yolk-shell TiO2 @void@TiO2:Eu3+ calcined at different temperatures were successfully fabricated by sacrificial template method for the photodegradation of tetracycline. The impacts of yolk-shell and calcination temperature on the photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties have been investigated in detail. The photoluminescence results show that sample calcined at 800 °C exhibits the strongest red emission. The photocatalytic efficiency for tetracycline reached 90.34 % in 50 min at 20 mg/L TC solution by sample calcined at 900 °C. The kinetics fitting curves is with different slopes, which is reported for the first time so far. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic mechanism and possible photodegradation pathway of tetracycline were proposed. Compared with the double-shell samples, the yolk-shell samples show a high photodegradation rate within 5 min and unique kinetics feature. The analysis of photocatalytic kinetics provides a new idea for studying the photocatalysis mechanism. The rapid tetracycline photodegradation by the yolk shell material also provides new strategies for practical water purification.

Comprehensive evaluation of an ionic liquid based deep purification process for NH3-containing industrial gas

Ammonia (NH3) emission has caused serious environment issues and aroused worldwide concern. The emerging ionic liquid (IL) provides a greener way to efficiently capture NH3. This paper provides rigorous process simulation, optimization and assessment for a novel NH3 deep purification process using IL. The process was designed and investigated by simulation and optimization using ionic liquid [C4im][NTF2] as absorbent. Three objective functions, total purification cost (TPC), total process CO2 emission (TPCOE) and thermal efficiency (ηeff) were employed to optimize the absorption process. Process simulation and optimization results indicate that at same purification standard and recovery rate, the novel process can achieve lower cost and CO2 emission compared to benchmark process. After process optimization, the optimal functions can achieve 0.02726 $/Nm3 (TPC), 311.27 kg CO2/hr (TPCOE), and 52.21% (ηeff) for enhanced process. Moreover, compared with conventional process, novel process could decrease over $ 3 million of purification cost and 10000 tons of CO2 emission during the life cycle. The results provide a novel strategy and guidance for deep purification of NH3 capture.

Highly efficient pollutants removal over Mo/Mo2C/CoAl-LDH heterostructure: photo-chemical co-driven peroxymonosulfate activation and singlet oxygen-dominated oxidative decomposition

Novel Mo/Mo2C/CoAl-LDH (CoAl layered double hydroxide) photocatalysts were fabricated through a hydrothermal route and applied for efficient PMS activation and typical pollutants (tetracycline/TC, ciprofloxacin/CIP, methylene blue/MB, congo red/CR and rhodamine B/RhB) degradation. Specifically, tetracycline removal efficiency of 99 % (TC, 20 mg/L) with a TOC mineralization efficiency of 65 % was achieved by the Mo/Mo2C/CoAl-LDH/PMS/Vis system within 4 min-reaction, and the obtained reaction rate constant was 5.5 and 41.5 times greater than that of CoAl-LDH/PMS/Vis and Mo/Mo2C/PMS/Vis system, respectively. The exceptional performance over this joint system was mainly attributed to the synergism of the MoCo dual active components and the involved photocatalysis. The quenching/ESR investigations clearly demonstrated that all of the generated species contributed to TC degradation, and among them the singlet oxygen showed the greatest impact. The toxicity assessment suggested that most of degraded intermediates become more eco-friendly to the environment. Moreover, the involved reaction mechanism and degradation pathways of TC were proposed and discussed in detail. This work provides a promising strategy for PMS activation and environmental purification through an integrated photo-chemical catalysis.

Isoporous catalytic ceramic membranes for ultrafast contaminants elimination through boosting confined radicals

Catalytic membrane based oxidation-filtration processes (AOP-CM), a derivative concept of membrane process that combines physical separation and chemical oxidation, offers a high-efficient water purification strategy. However, the application of AOP-CM was still hampered by the low heterogeneous AOPs efficiency of catalytic membranes. In order to improve the heterogeneous AOP efficiency, an isoporous AlOx/La2CoMnO6-δ ceramic membrane (IAPCM) with nano-confinement characteristics was prepared via sol–gel based block copolymer self-assembly route. Benefiting from the well-designed pore structure, IAPCM exhibited excellent pure water permeance (313 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1) and size-exclusion performance (complete rejection of MS2 phages with a diameter of ∼ 20 nm). With the addition of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), IAPCM achieved ultrafast degradation of organic micropollutants (e.g. atrazine, carbamazepine and sulfamethazine) at 0.5 bar (equivalent to a retention time of 4.3 × 10−4 s). Finite-Element analysis confirmed that high-concentration radical fields were generated in the confined nanoscale-pores within the isoporous La2CoMnO6-δ layer. The boosted mass transfer rates and high-concentration radical fields induced ultrafast degradation of micropollutants in IAPCM based oxidation-filtration system. This work highlights the significance of pore structure design for high-performance AOP-CM processes.

Efficient clinical-grade γ-retroviral vector purification by high-speed centrifugation for CAR T cell manufacturing

γ-Retroviral vectors (γ-RV) are powerful tools for gene therapy applications. Current clinical vectors are produced from stable producer cell lines which require minimal further downstream processing, while purification schemes for γ-RV produced by transient transfection have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to develop a method to purify transiently produced γ-RV for early clinical studies. Here, we report a simple one-step purification method by high-speed centrifugation for γ-RV produced by transient transfection for clinical application. High-speed centrifugation enabled the concentration of viral titers in the range of 107-108 TU/mL with >80% overall recovery. Analysis of research-grade concentrated vector revealed sufficient reduction in product- and process-related impurities. Furthermore, product characterization of clinical-grade γ-RV by BioReliance demonstrated two-logs lower impurities per transducing unit compared with regulatory authority-approved stable producer cell line vector for clinical application. In terms of CAR Tcell manufacturing, clinical-grade γ-RV produced by transient transfection and purified by high-speed centrifugation was similar to γ-RV produced from a clinical-grade stable producer cell line. This method will be of value for studies using γ-RV to bridge vector supply between early- and late-stage clinical trials.

Plant leaf proteins for food applications: Opportunities and challenges.

Plant-based proteins are gaining a lot of attention for their health benefits and are considered as an alternative to animal proteins for developing sustainable food systems. Against the backdrop, ensuring a healthy diet supplemented with good quality protein will be a massive responsibility of governments across the globe. Increasing the yield of food crops has its limitations, including low acceptance of genetically modified crops, land availability for cultivation, and the need for large quantities of agrochemicals. It necessitates the sensible use of existing resources and farm output to derive the proteins. On average, the protein content of plant leaves is similar to that of milk, which can be efficiently tapped for food applications across the globe. There has been limited research on utilizing plant leaf proteins for food product development over the years, which has not been fruitful. However, the current global food production scenario has pushed some leading economies to reconsider the scope of plant leaf proteins with dedicated efforts. It is evident from installing pilot-scale demonstration plants for protein extraction from agro-food residues to cater to the protein demand with product formulation. The present study thoroughly reviews the opportunities and challenges linked to the production of plant leaf proteins, including its nutritional aspects, extraction and purification strategies, anti-nutritional factors, functional and sensory properties in food product development, and finally, its impact on the environment. Practical Application: Plant leaf proteins are one of the sustainable and alternative source of proteins. It can be produced in most of the agroclimatic conditions without requiring much agricultural inputs. It's functional properties are unique and finds application in novel food product formulations.

Sequential extraction process and physicochemical characterization of R-phycoerythrin and agar from red macroalgae Gracilaria birdiae

This study evaluated the sequential extraction of R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) and agar from the red macroalgae Gracilaria birdiae and the effects on yield, recovery, purity index and physicochemical characterization of both biomolecules. Three R-PE extraction and partial purification strategies were evaluated and the three most promising pigmented fractions were F25/35, F35/45 and F25/45 with purity/yield indexes 1.64/0.17, 0.71/0.44 and 0.56/ 1.20 mg.g−1 dw, respectively. In addition to the purity index, yield and recovery, optimizations 1 and 2 resulted in obtaining pigments with high intensity of red color, confirmed by the values of parameter a*: 78.30 ± 0.01, 64.07 ± 0.03 and 60.96 ± 0.02, for fractions 25/35, 35/45 and 25/45, in that order. The agar obtained from the residue of the extraction of R-PE (ARES-Gb) showed a yield of 31.64 %, higher than those reported in the literature when extracted from integral wet or dry macroalgae. In addition, RES-Gb had physicochemical and rheological properties similar to commercial agar. Therefore, the development of the biotechnological process proposed contributes to the maximum use of G. birdiae, to the valorization of this renewable source and to the blue economy.

C-phycocyanin production with high antioxidant activity of a new thermotolerant freshwater Desertifilum tharense UAM-C/S02 strain

A native cyanobacterial strain, Desertifilum tharense UAM-C/S02, was studied as a possible C-phycocyanin (C-PC) producer. Photosynthetic activity (PA) assays through oxygen production determined the proper temperature and range of irradiances to be tested in a stirred tank photobioreactor. The highest C-PC productivity (97 mg L−1 d−1), with a yield of 86.46 mgC-PC gB−1 was obtained at 730 µmol photons m−2 s−1 with a biomass productivity of 608 mg L−1 d−1 and the CO2 fixation rate was 1,194 mg L−1 d−1. The 1.81 crude extract purity value is the highest reported for this genus, which was improved to biomarker-grade purity after a two-step purification strategy comprising precipitation with ammonium sulfate, followed by dialysis. The purified C-PC was almost entirely radical-free using 1 mg mL−1, which validates its potential use in therapeutic formulations.

Phytochemical profiling, salt impurities removal and in vitro antibacterial evaluation of Calotropis procera twig, leaf and flower extracts

• Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol leaf, twig, and flower extracts of Malaysian Calotropis procera (CP) have been studied first time against 10 Gram-positive and 9 Gram-negative bacteria, and methanolic extracts were found to be potent. • Different in vitro antibacterial methods were carried out and Bacillus sp. , Staphylococcus spp. Klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus vulgaris were found to be sensitives against extracts. • An easy, low-cost, and efficient trituration method was developed for the purification of crude extracts from salt impurities and it has removed salts and other undissolved impurities (approximately 38%). This purification strategy is very important prior to any biological activities especially antimicrobial. • Trituration method was found to be suitable for removing salts and undissolved impurities from crude extracts of plants growing near coastal and high salt concentration regions. • A new HPLC method was developed for the separation of constituents of methanolic C. procera extract and it shows the presence of different types of metabolites. Calotropis procera (family Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant that is useful against microbial infections. The current work aimed to profile Malaysian C. procera for its phytochemical composition, develop a simple strategy to remove salt impurities from its crude extracts and assess its antibacterial activity in vitro . Ground twigs, leaves and flowers of the plant were extracted in n -hexane, dichloromethane and methanol by successive cold maceration method. Standard qualitative phytochemical tests were applied for phytochemical profiling of the extracts. The crude extracts were then subjected to clean-up procedure (trituration method) for removal of salt impurities. The antibacterial activity of the extracts (3 mg of 100 mg/mL/well) was assessed against 10 Gram-negative and nine Gram-positive bacteria by using the agar well diffusion method. Both minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the potent extracts were determined by the MTT assay and spread plate method, respectively. The potent methanolic extract was analysed by the HPLC for its metabolites pattern. The present findings confirmed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, phenolics, carbohydrates and resins in the crude extracts. The trituration method was effective in eliminating the salt impurities from the crude extracts. The methanolic (MeOH) extracts were more effective (ZOI; 8.5–12.5 mm) against Gram-positive bacteria when compared to the Gram-negative counterparts. The tested bacteria that were most sensitive to the extracts included Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus spp. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris . The MIC and MBC values of the MeOH extracts were in the range of 5–40 mg/mL against B. cereus, Staphylococcus spp., K. pneumoniae and P. vulgaris . The antibacterial potential of MeOH C. procera extracts could be attributed to its polar phytochemicals as indicated by the HPLC analyses. The current results warrant in-depth phytochemical and antimicrobial investigations of methanolic C. procera twig, leaf and flower extracts.

The Effectiveness of the Implementation of Research Results in a Technological Scheme of Water Purification

Abstract The paper proposes technical solutions for the use of the reagent method of water preparation at coke plants in order to bring it to a quality suitable for use in the circulating water supply system of the PJSC Kharkiv Coke Plan. It is proposed to dilute phenolic water in a biochemical installation in a mixer before purification and to purify water with a flocculant. The paper recommends dosing the flocculant solution automatically using a preparation station. Additional purification of the clarified water is carried out using a filtration unit with a filter media from a layer of quartz sand. The economic effect from the implementation of the technical measures is achieved not only due to the reduction in fresh water consumption by 60 540 m3/year and the cessation of the discharge of phenolic water into the city sewer network, but also the replacement of the reagent with a more efficient one and a decrease in its consumption. It has been found that the introduction of the technical solutions for the circulating water supply system is economically and environmentally justifiable.