Strategic Engineering Research Articles

Advances in Group-10 Transition Metal Dichalcogenide PdSe2-Based Photodetectors: Outlook and Perspectives.

The recent advancements in low-dimensional material-based photodetectors have provided valuable insights into the fundamental properties of these materials, the design of their device architectures, and the strategic engineering approaches that have facilitated their remarkable progress. This review work consolidates and provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress in group-10 two-dimensional (2D) palladium diselenide (PdSe2)-based photodetectors. This work first offers a general overview of the various types of PdSe2 photodetectors, including their operating mechanisms and key performance metrics. A detailed examination is then conducted on the physical properties of 2D PdSe2 material and how these metrics, such as structural characteristics, optical anisotropy, carrier mobility, and bandgap, influence photodetector device performance and potential avenues for enhancement. Furthermore, the study delves into the current methods for synthesizing PdSe2 material and constructing the corresponding photodetector devices. The documented device performances and application prospects are thoroughly discussed. Finally, this review speculates on the existing trends and future research opportunities in the field of 2D PdSe2 photodetectors. Potential directions for continued advancement of these optoelectronic devices are proposed and forecasted.

Strategic engineering of cationic systems for spatial & temporal anti-counterfeiting applications in zero-dimensional Mn(II) halides

While spatial and time-resolved anti-counterfeiting technologies have gained increasing attention owing to their excellent tunable photoluminescence, achieving high-security-level anti-counterfeiting remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a spatial-time-dual-resolved anti-counterfeiting system using zero-dimensional (0D) organic–inorganic Mn(II) metal halides: (EMMZ)2MnBr4 (named M−1, EMMZ=1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bromide) and (EDMMZ)2MnBr4 (named M−2, EDMMZ=1-Ethyl-2,3-Dimethylimidazolium Bromide). M−1 shows a bright green emission with a quantum yield of 78 %. It undergoes a phase transformation from the crystalline to molten state with phosphorescence quenching at 350 K. Reversible phase and luminescent conversion was observed after cooling down for 15 s. Notably, M−2 exhibits green light emission similar to M−1 but undergoes phase conversion and phosphorescence quenching at 390 K, with reversible conversion observed after cooling down for 5 s. The photoluminescence switching mode of on(green)-off–on(green) can be achieved by temperature control, demonstrating excellent performance with short response times and ultra-high cyclic reversibility. By leveraging the different quenching temperatures and reversible PL conversion times of M−1 and M−2, we propose a spatial-time-dual-resolved photoluminescence (PL) switching system that combines M−1 and M−2. This system enables multi-fold tuning of the PL switch for encryption and decryption through cationic engineering strategies by modulating temperature and cooling time. This work presents a novel and feasible design strategy for advanced-level anti-counterfeiting technology based on a spatial-time-dual-resolved system.

Magnetically Integrated Tumor-Vascular Interface System to Mimic Pro-angiogenic Endothelial Dysregulations for On-Chip Drug Testing.

The tumor-vascular interface is a critical component of the tumor microenvironment that regulates all of the dynamic interactions between a growing tumor and the endothelial lining of the surrounding vasculature. In this paper, we report the design and development of a custom-engineered tumor-vascular interface system for investigating the early stage tumor-mediated pro-angiogenic dysfunctional behavior of the endothelium. Using representative endothelial cells and triple negative breast cancer cell lines, we established a biomimetic interface between a three-dimensional tumor tissue across a mature, functional endothelial barrier using a magnetically hybrid-integrated tumor-vascular interface system, wherein vasculature-like features containing a monolayer of endothelial cell culture on porous microfluidic channel surfaces were magnetically attached to tumor spheroids generated on a composite polymer-hydrogel microwell plate and embedded in a collagen matrix. Tumor-mediated endothelial microdynamics were characterized by their hallmark behavior such as loss of endothelial adherens junctions, increased cell density, proliferation, and changes in cell spreading and corroborated with endothelial YAP/TAZ nuclear translocation. We further confirm the feasibility of drug-mediated reversal of this pro-angiogenic endothelial organization through two different signaling mechanisms, namely, inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway and the Notch signaling pathway, thereby demonstrating the utility of the tumor-vascular interface platform for rapid, early stage prediction of antiangiogenic drug efficacy. Overall, our work emphasizes the importance of our strategic engineering approach for identifying some unique, physiologically relevant aspects of the tumor-vascular interface, which are otherwise difficult to implement using standard in vitro approaches.

Two-Dimensional Semiconductors for State-of-the-Art Complementary Field-Effect Transistors and Integrated Circuits.

As the trajectory of transistor scaling defined by Moore's law encounters challenges, the paradigm of ever-evolving integrated circuit technology shifts to explore unconventional materials and architectures to sustain progress. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, characterized by their atomic-scale thickness and exceptional electronic properties, have emerged as a beacon of promise in this quest for the continued advancement of field-effect transistor (FET) technology. The energy-efficient complementary circuit integration necessitates strategic engineering of both n-channel and p-channel 2D FETs to achieve symmetrical high performance. This intricate process mandates the realization of demanding device characteristics, including low contact resistance, precisely controlled doping schemes, high mobility, and seamless incorporation of high- κ dielectrics. Furthermore, the uniform growth of wafer-scale 2D film is imperative to mitigate defect density, minimize device-to-device variation, and establish pristine interfaces within the integrated circuits. This review examines the latest breakthroughs with a focus on the preparation of 2D channel materials and device engineering in advanced FET structures. It also extensively summarizes critical aspects such as the scalability and compatibility of 2D FET devices with existing manufacturing technologies, elucidating the synergistic relationships crucial for realizing efficient and high-performance 2D FETs. These findings extend to potential integrated circuit applications in diverse functionalities.

Harnessing the Trade‐Off between CoFe/Fe3C Interfacial Junction with Unparalleled Potential Gap of 0.58 V for Reversible Oxygen Electrocatalysis: Application toward Liquid and Solid‐State Zn‐Air Batteries

AbstractEffective integration of multiple active moieties and strategic engineering of coordinated interfacial junctions are crucial for optimizing the reaction kinetics and intrinsic activities of heterogeneous electrocatalysts. Herein, a simple integrated heterostructure of biphasic Co0.7Fe0.3/Fe3C embedded on in situ grown N‐doped carbon sheets is constructed. Rationally designed CoFe/Fe3C‐T2 owns more accessible active sites and interfacial junction effects, cooperatively boosting the electron and mass transfer, needed for multifunctional electrocatalysis. Leveraging the synergistic effect of dual active sites, CoFe/Fe3C‐T2 demonstrates outstanding oxygen electrocatalytic activity in alkaline medium with an ultra‐low potential gap of 0.58 V, surpassing the recently available state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. Moreover, CoFe/Fe3C‐T2 air‐electrode achieves a high peak power density of 249 mW cm−2, a large specific capacity of 808 mAh g−1 and excellent cycling stability for aqueous Zn‐air batteries. Remarkably, the solid‐state flexible ZAB also exhibits satisfactory performance, showcasing an open‐circuit voltage of 1.43 V and a peak power density of 66 mW cm−2. These outstanding results push this catalyst to the top of the list of non‐noble metal‐based electrode materials. This work offers a viable method for using the active‐site‐uniting strategy to create double‐active‐site catalysts, which may find real‐time applications in energy conversion/storage devices.

Review On Strategies For the Design and Synthesis of Flower‐Like Bi2WO6 and BiOX (X=F, Cl, Br, I) Composites for Photocatalytic Environmental Remediation

AbstractIn latest events, water pollution has posed an immense threat, and its sustainable treatment is a topic of concern. Among myriad of water treatment, research community has lensed towards sustainable heterogeneous photocatalysis especially, inorganic semiconductors. Bismuth tungstate a pristine Aurivillius compound with unique crystal structure, exceptional photochemical stability, and strong redox abilities but minimum visible light absorption and quick carrier recombination are its caveats, these caveats are circumvented by synthesizing BiOX (X=F, Cl, Br and I) composites with surface modifiers, doping with hetero atoms (metals and non‐metals), construction of the heterojunction and amalgamation of carbon materials. The heart of this review is strategic engineering of flower‐like morphology photocatalyst synthesis and optical properties, it also discusses the charge transfer kinetics, photocatalytic performance, and durability. The flower‐like morphology highlighted in this review is due to its ability to harvest light, providing larger specific surface area which introduces more active sites and efficient excitons generation. The comprehensive tabulated data in this review will help the actively engaged research community in Bismuth heterogenous photocatalysis. It also sheds light on the future view of environmental remediation via photocatalytic developments.

LexA, an SOS response repressor, activates TGase synthesis in Streptomyces mobaraensis

Transglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13, TGase), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of covalent cross-links between protein or peptide molecules, plays a critical role in commercial food processing, medicine, and textiles. TGase from Streptomyces is the sole commercial enzyme preparation for cross-linking proteins. In this study, we revealed that the SOS response repressor protein LexA in Streptomyces mobaraensis not only triggers morphological development but also enhances TGase synthesis. The absence of lexA significantly diminished TGase production and sporulation. Although LexA does not bind directly to the promoter region of the TGase gene, it indirectly stimulates transcription of the tga gene, which encodes TGase. Furthermore, LexA directly enhances the expression of genes associated with protein synthesis and transcription factors, thus favorably influencing TGase synthesis at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Moreover, LexA activates four crucial genes involved in morphological differentiation, promoting spore maturation. Overall, our findings suggest that LexA plays a dual role as a master regulator of the SOS response and a significant contributor to TGase regulation and certain aspects of secondary metabolism, offering insights into the cellular functions of LexA and facilitating the strategic engineering of TGase overproducers.

In-situ activation of three-dimensional porous NiFe alloy: Synergistic NiFe hydroxide/alloy as composite active sites for efficiently catalyzing alkaline water splitting

The strategic engineering of bifunctional catalysts for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media is critical for water-splitting technologies. This study presented a catalyst consisting of in situ grown nickel iron (NiFe) hydroxide/porous alloy composite catalytic sites on a nickel foam (NF) substrate. Initially, a porous NiFe alloy was electrodeposited onto NF, employing hydrogen (H2) bubbles as dynamic templates to induce a three-dimensional (3D) architecture. Subsequently, ultrathin layers of NiFe hydroxide nanosheets were synthesized in situ via electrochemical activation. The distinctive porous structure, coupled with the in-situ activated nanosheets, augmented the exposure of active sites, optimized electrolyte interaction, and expedited the expulsion of gaseous byproducts, collectively enhancing the kinetics of water electrolysis. The resultant a-Ni2Fe/NF demonstrated superior OER/HER activities, achieving overpotentials of merely 240 mV for OER and 183 mV for HER at a current density of 100 mA cm-2 in alkaline solution. Moreover, a voltage of just 1.53 V was requisite to attain a current density of 10 mA cm-2 for overall water splitting. Operando Raman spectroscopy revealed the formation of NiOOH and FeOOH active phases during HER, indicating the hydroxide’s role in adsorbing hydroxyl groups and shielding NiFe alloy’s H* adsorption sites from oxidation. The presence of the more reactive β-NiOOH phase was discerned during OER process, acting as an intermediate. This straightforward yet efficacious strategy heralded a new paradigm in the design of NiFe-based bifunctional catalysts, significantly bolstering the efficiency of water electrolysis catalysis.

Bridging OER Electrocatalysis and Tumor Therapy: Utilizing Piezoelectric‐Hole‐Induced OER Electrocatalysis for Direct Oxygen Generation to Address Hypoxia

AbstractIn addressing the challenge of hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment (TME), a significant obstacle to effective cancer therapy, this research introduces a pioneering nanozyme engineered to utilize water and oxygen as reactants. Utilizing ultrasonic piezoelectricity, this nanozyme converts these substrates into oxygen (O2) and reactive oxygen species, thereby amplifying oxidative stress without relying on endogenous H2O2. This approach involves the strategic engineering of porous ZnSnOv:Mn nanosheets (named MZSO NSs), which are distinguished by oxygen‐rich vacancies and enhanced piezoelectric properties. This breakthrough represents the initial attempt to merge catalytic activities akin to catalase (CAT) with the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), confirmed through both enzymatic reactions and electrochemical voltammetric analysis. The predominant mechanism of ultrasound‐augmented oxygen generation in MZSO is identified as piezoelectric hole‐induced OER. Supporting theoretical analyses clarify the synergistic impact of oxygen vacancies and Mn doping on the dynamics of carriers and the OER process, leading to a notable increase in catalytic efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of piezoelectric‐enhanced OER electrocatalysts to alleviate hypoxia in the TME, providing novel insights into the development of piezoelectric acoustic sensitizers for the treatment of cancer.

Molecular Engineering of Functional SiRNA Agents.

Synthetic biology constitutes a scientific domain focused on intentional redesign of organisms to confer novel functionalities or create new products through strategic engineering of their genetic makeup. Leveraging the inherent capabilities of nature, one may address challenges across diverse sectors including medicine. Inspired by this concept, we have developed an innovative bioengineering platform, enabling high-yield and large-scale production of biological small interfering RNA (BioRNA/siRNA) agents via bacterial fermentation. Herein, we show that with the use of a new tRNA fused pre-miRNA carrier, we can produce various forms of BioRNA/siRNA agents within living host cells. We report a high-level overexpression of nine target BioRNA/siRNA molecules at 100% success rate, yielding 3-10 mg of BioRNA/siRNA per 0.25 L of bacterial culture with high purity (>98%) and low endotoxin (<5 EU/μg RNA). Furthermore, we demonstrate that three representative BioRNA/siRNAs against GFP, BCL2, and PD-L1 are biologically active and can specifically and efficiently silence their respective targets with the potential to effectively produce downstream antiproliferation effects by PD-L1-siRNA. With these promising results, we aim to advance the field of synthetic biology by offering a novel platform to bioengineer functional siRNA agents for research and drug development.

Rockburst risk control and mitigation in deep mining

It is important to understand and manage rockburst challenges in deep mining operations. This paper presents a systematic study of rockburst risk in underground mining, offering a detailed examination of influencing factors, risk assessment, and various control and mitigation methods. The complexities of rockburst phenomena are explained by examining factors that lead to the occurrence of rockbursts. A rockburst risk assessment using a bow-tie analysis is conducted, which provides insights into both risk evaluation and proactive control and mitigation systems.The core of the paper presents a comprehensive array of rockburst risk control and mitigation methods, which range from controls to reduce rockburst hazard, and excavation vulnerability, to controls and mitigations to reduce exposure. Strategic engineering control methods, including mine design and mining sequencing, are discussed. Tactical engineering control measures, such as ground pre-conditioning and rock support, are scrutinized, along with administrative controls like evacuation and re-entry protocols and the use of mechanized equipment. A multiple-line defense system is advocated for rockburst risk management to address the uncertainties involved in the process.Finally, emerging technologies and innovations as well as challenges are discussed, providing a roadmap for continued advancements in rockburst risk management in the future. This work serves as a valuable resource for mining professionals, researchers, and policymakers seeking a comprehensive understanding of rockburst risk management in deep mining.

Engineered Multivalent Nanobodies Efficiently Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants BA.1, BA.4/5, XBB.1 and BQ.1.1.

Most available neutralizing antibodies are ineffective against highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Therefore, it is crucial to develop potent and broad-spectrum alternatives to effectively manage Omicron subvariants. Here, we constructed a high-diversity nanobody phage display library and identified nine nanobodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD). Five of them exhibited cross-neutralization activity against the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) strain and the Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.4/5, and one nanobody demonstrated marked efficacy even against the Omicron subvariants BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. To enhance the therapeutic potential, we engineered a panel of multivalent nanobodies with increased neutralizing potency and breadth. The most potent multivalent nanobody, B13-B13-B13, cross-neutralized all tested pseudoviruses, with a geometric mean of the 50% inhibitory concentration (GM IC50) value of 20.83 ng/mL. An analysis of the mechanism underlying the enhancement of neutralization breadth by representative multivalent nanobodies demonstrated that the strategic engineering approach of combining two or three nanobodies into a multivalent molecule could improve the affinity between a single nanobody and spike, and could enhance tolerance toward escape mutations such as R346T and N460K. Our engineered multivalent nanobodies may be promising drug candidates for treating and preventing infection with Omicron subvariants and even future variants.

Photothermal-driven CO2 reduction over Nd2O3/TiO2 heterojunction catalysts in aqueous medium

Elevated carbon dioxide levels, a major environmental concern, pose challenges for causing many climate problems. Addressing this, conversion CO2 into valuable chemicals is highly important. In this work, we explore photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction, an attractive approach that combines photocatalysis and thermal catalysis. We developed an enhanced Nd2O3/TiO2 catalyst using the sol-gel method, which significantly improves the efficiency of converting CO2 to CO in the presence of water. This catalyst exhibited a CO production rate of 22 μmol·gcat−1·h−1 at 130 °C, markedly surpassing the performance of sole photocatalysis by 7.3 times. Through systematic characterizations, we discovered that Nd2O3 prevents TiO2’s transition from anatase to rutile, thereby increasing CO2 adsorption and creating more vacancies. The interface between Nd2O3 and TiO2 forms a Z-scheme heterojunction, crucial for the simultaneous reduction of CO2 and oxidation of water. This research introduces a promising catalyst for photothermal CO2 reduction, which also acts as a reducing reagent. The strategic engineering of dual metal oxide interfaces in this catalyst suggests its applicability in a range of photothermal catalytic processes, marking a significant advancement in the field of CO2 utilization.

Bi site doped Ferroelectric BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

AbstractThe investigation delves into the functionality exhibited by ferroelectric BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BFM) nanoparticles (NPs) concerning the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The electrocatalytic activity of BFM NPs undergoes a transformative shift as a consequence of mono‐, di‐, and tri‐valent cation substitution. Notably, the strategic engineering of doping at the Bi site within BFM NPs yields a remarkable outcome, namely the conspicuous reduction of the kinetic overpotential prerequisite for HER. This diminished overpotential in doped BFM NPs arises from the confluence of multifarious factors: diminished charge transfer resistance, augmented specific surface area, a discernible distribution of pore sizes ranging from narrow to broad, particles endowed with a shape boasting abundant active facets, and the integration of dopants as novel active sites on the surface. Furthermore, the presence of surface defects, oxygen vacancies, and amplified microstrain within doped BFM NPs contributes to the reduction in overpotential.

Optimising logistics in intelligent transportation systems through CNN-IT: a convolutional neural network approach for enhanced efficiency and precision

This study addresses the critical challenge of optimising logistics within intelligent transportation systems (ITS) by introducing a novel approach leveraging convolutional neural network-IT (CNN-IT). The overarching objective is to enhance the efficiency and precision of logistics operations through advanced machine learning techniques. The methodology involves the design and implementation of a CNN-IT model trained on a diverse dataset comprising sensory data from various transportation modes, including cars, buses, and trains. The model’s architecture is carefully crafted to extract intricate patterns from the sensor data, enabling accurate classification of different vehicles. The process begins with the collection and preprocessing of a diverse dataset, encompassing accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, and audio sensor data from various transportation modes. Results demonstrate the CNN-IT model’s remarkable accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, showcasing its capability to make well-informed predictions. The model achieved an outstanding accuracy of 92%, with precision, recall, and F1 score at 91%, 93%, and 92%, respectively. These metrics collectively reflect the model’s exceptional performance in accurately classifying transportation modes while maintaining a balanced trade-off between precision and recall. The strategic engineering of the model’s architecture to effectively handle sensor data and accurately categorise vehicles plays a significant role in optimising logistics operations.

Superconductivity induced by ionized σ-bond at 10 GPa

Discovering high-temperature superconductors under low pressures and elucidating the underlying critical factors governing superconductivity are central issues in condensed matter physics. Here, we developed a strategy for the metallization of σ-bonds through incorporating NH3-units into the filled f-shell Lu-lattice and obtained a Luδ+(NH3)4σ− hydride to investigate the potential high-temperature superconductivity. Based on the density-functional theory calculations, our proposed I-43m-Luδ+(NH3)4σ− phase exhibits a Tc of 33.44 K at 10 GPa. Further analyses unveil that the Tc is attributed to strong electron-phonon coupling (EPC), which originated from the electron-phonon matrix element primarily driven by H–N–H bending and twisting vibrations, and Fermi surface nesting induced softening of optical phonons to scatter itinerant electrons on phonon-coupling bands to form Cooper pairs. Importantly, the emergence of phonon-coupling bands is mainly dependent on the ionization of sp3-hybridized σ-bonds within NH3, resulting in the manifestation of metallicity. Due to the enhanced ionization of σ-bands and strengthened interatomic coupling effect with pressurization, the Tc is further enhanced to 130 K. Our study offers novel insights towards the realization of phonon-mediated high-temperature superconductivity at comparatively low-pressures and highlights the potential for achieving high-Tc in filled f-shell metal hydrides through strategic engineering of metallized σ-bonds.

Ultrafast underwater self-healing piezo-ionic elastomer via dynamic hydrophobic-hydrolytic domains

The development of advanced materials capable of autonomous self-healing and mechanical stimulus sensing in aquatic environments holds great promise for applications in underwater soft electronics, underwater robotics, and water-resistant human-machine interfaces. However, achieving superior autonomous self-healing properties and effective sensing simultaneously in an aquatic environment is rarely feasible. Here, we present an ultrafast underwater molecularly engineered self-healing piezo-ionic elastomer inspired by the cephalopod’s suckers, which possess self-healing properties and mechanosensitive ion channels. Through strategic engineering of hydrophobic C–F groups, hydrolytic boronate ester bonds, and ions, the material achieves outstanding self-healing efficiencies, with speeds of 94.5% (9.1 µm/min) in air and 89.6% (13.3 µm/min) underwater, coupled with remarkable pressure sensitivity (18.1 kPa–1) for sensing performance. Furthermore, integration of this mechanosensitive device into an underwater submarine for signal transmission and light emitting diode modulation demonstrates its potential for underwater robotics and smarter human-machine interactions.

Zinc Indium Sulfide‐Based Photocatalysts for Selective Organic Transformations

AbstractThe burgeoning field of semiconductor‐mediated organic conversion is of paramount significance, with zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4) emerging as a standout candidate owing to its benign nature, optimal bandgap, extensive light absorption spectrum, remarkable physicochemical properties, and straightforward synthesis. This review examines the latest breakthroughs and the trajectory of ZnIn2S4‐based photocatalysts in the realm of selective organic transformation. We start with a distinct overview of the intrinsic physical attributes of ZnIn2S4 and the underlying mechanisms driving its efficacy in photocatalytic organic transformations. Subsequently, the preparation methods of ZnIn2S4 are summarized. The main focus is the state‐of‐the‐art photocatalytic application of various ZnIn2S4‐based photocatalysts, such as redox reactions, the construction of C−C, C−S and S−S bonds, and the cleavage of C−O, C−C, and C=C bonds. In the conclusion part, we provide our perspectives on the prospective advancements and the remaining challenges that lie ahead in the optimization of ZnIn2S4‐based photocatalysts, with the ultimate goal of enhancing their efficacy for a diverse array of photosynthetic applications. It is anticipated to inspire the strategic engineering of ZnIn2S4 and other semiconductor‐based photocatalysts for various artificial photosynthesis reactions.

Strategic Engineering of Human Resources Development (HRD) to Respond to the Digital Transformation Era in the Context of Business Information Systems

Digital transformation has reshaped the business landscape, compelling organizations to confront new challenges in terms of technology, business processes, and operational models. This research aims to identify and analyze effective strategies in developing human resources to respond to the digital transformation era, particularly in the context of business information systems. The study employs an in-depth review of existing literature through qualitative analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject, covering the period from 2012 to 2023. The study's findings indicate that in the face of the rapidly evolving digital transformation era, the role of Human Resources (HR) is crucial for organizational success, especially in the context of Business Information Systems. Digital transformation necessitates organizations to adapt and leverage innovative information technology to maintain their competitiveness. Strategic Engineering of Human Resources Development (HRD) becomes an essential foundation for effectively managing these changes. This process involves planning, development, and implementation of strategies to build HR capabilities that can address the challenges of the digital transformation era.

Boosting Photocatalytic Performance of ZnO Nanowires via Building Heterojunction with g-C3N4.

The development of a stable and highly active photocatalyst has garnered significant attention in the field of wastewater treatment. In this study, a novel technique involving a facile stirring method was devised to fabricate an array of g-C3N4/ZnO nanowire (ZnO NW) composites. Through the introduction of g-C3N4 to augment the generation of electron-hole pairs upon exposure to light, the catalytic efficacy of these composites was found to surpass that of the pristine ZnO NWs when subjected to simulated sunlight. The photocatalytic performance of a 20 mg·L-1 methylene blue solution was found to be highest when the doping rate was 25 wt%, resulting in a degradation rate of 99.1% after 60 min. The remarkable enhancement in catalytic efficiency can be ascribed to the emergence of a captivating hetero-junction at the interface of g-C3N4 and ZnO NWs, characterized by a harmoniously aligned band structure. This alluring arrangement effectively curtailed charge carrier recombination, amplified light absorption, and augmented the distinct surface area, culminating in a notable boost to the photocatalytic prowess. These findings suggest that the strategic engineering of g-C3N4/ZnO NW heterostructures holds tremendous promise as a pioneering avenue for enhancing the efficacy of wastewater treatment methodologies.