Strangeness Research Articles

Nuclear dynamics induced by antiprotons

Reaction dynamics in collisions of antiprotons on nuclei is investigated within the Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics model. The reaction channels of elastic scattering, annihilation, charge exchange and inelastic collisions of antiprotons on nucleons have been included in the model. Dynamics on particle production, in particular pions, kaons, antikaons and hyperons, is investigated in collisions of p on12 C,20Ne,40 Ca and181Ta from low to high incident momenta. It is found that the annihilations of p on nucleons are of importance to the dynamics of particle production in phase space. Hyperons are mainly produced via meson induced reactions on nucleons and strangeness exchange collisions, which lead to delayed emission in antiproton-nucleus collisions.

Review Essay: “Metal in Three Modes of Enmity: Political, Musical, Cosmic.” Gerd Bayer, ed. Heavy Metal in Britain ; Steve Waksman. This Ain’t the Summer of Love: Conflict and Crossover in Heavy Metal and Punk ; Nicola Masciandaro, ed. Hideous Gnosis: Black Metal Theory Symposium 1

Scholarship on metal always seems a little bewildered or put on the defensive by the genre’s profoundly adversarial nature. Metal certainly opposes something, and to a large extent is defined by this opposition rather than by any obvious message of its own, but what exactly does it oppose? Certain political values? Certain kinds of music? Certain religions? Or does it represent a vague opposition to “things in general;” is it the music of rebellion without a cause? The short answer, judging by the academic treatments under review here as well as earlier attempts to censor it, is that it opposes whatever its interpreters want it to. Thus its critics site accusations of racism, sexism, and homophobia, while supporters praise its supposed opposition to capitalism, strict gender roles, and even the concept of order itself. Many of these metal partisans, especially those whose primary concern is the rehabilitation of an art form often perceived as ethically problematic, spend so much time explaining away its disturbing features that they ignore the possibility that disturbance is precisely the point. Even those who do recognize disturbance as a fundamental aim of metal and call attention to the specific forms that that disturbance takes, such as expressions of animosity toward certain groups of people, often fail to explain why listeners are attracted to these sounds. That the appeal doesn’t lie only in bigotry is clear from the growing number of fans who come from the very groups that have been the most stigmatized in metal-women, ethnic minorities, religiously observant people, and queer women and men. The following essay will not fully explain either the genre’s lust for enmity in all forms or the perverse attraction that this spirit of antagonism holds for fans, but it will at least review current scholarly thought on these subjects and suggest some possible avenues for future exploration. I will provide a brief overview of the scholarship that first legitimized the study of metal and consider three recent books that each turn the notion of metal’s enmity toward other things into an analytical methodology; that is, they attempt to define it by what it is not and by what it opposes. The books cast metal in opposition to certain political values, kinds of music, and religious/philosophical worldviews. Out of our discussion-imbued with the recognition that metal exists only in opposition, enmity, and negativity toward something else-will emerge a sense of the elusiveness of this art form as a subject of inquiry and the difficulty of finding a methodological approach that fully captures its strangeness, darkness, and hostility toward analysis.

The Intimate Strangeness of Being: Metaphysics after Dialectics by William Desmond

The Intimate Strangeness of Being: Metaphysics after Dialectics by William Desmond

Strangeness as a Reality of Living Together

Strangeness as a Reality of Living Together

The thermal-mechanical performance of the uncooled infrared optical-readout bi-material FPA

This paper analyzed the thermal-mechanical performance of the optical-readout bi-material infrared focal array plane (IR-FPA), mainly on the pixel non-uniformity phenomenon. Based on the Fraunhofer diffraction theory, the model of the initial angle inconformity among the pixels due to the processing bias was presented, the result shows that the initial angle tolerance of pixels must be kept within 0.358° for the 49.5 × 49.5 μm2 pixel. The intensity of the image corresponding to different reflect angles of pixels was tested using the 360° horizontal rotary micro displacement stage driven by stepped motor. And the result agrees with the theoretical calculation. Furthermore, the thermal-mechanic sensitivity ST and dynamic range of the object temperature (blackbody) was also computed, which affords new reference for the research and manufacture of the optical read-out IR-FPA process.

The Strangeness of King John

The Strangeness of King John

Early flame propagation in a spark-ignition engine measured with quasi 4D-diagnostics

This paper presents the first results toward experimentally resolving the local three-dimensional (3D) flame propagation and turbulence–chemistry interaction in a spark-ignition engine using temporally resolved multi-planar laser diagnostics. The experimental method utilizes simultaneous dual-plane laser induced fluorescence (LIF) of OH and stereoscopic PIV (SPIV) to locally resolve 3D flame displacement speed during the early flame development when less than 5% of the mass has been consumed. OH-LIF is used to track the reaction-zone position and flame normal direction in 3D space, while SPIV measures the convection of the identified flame contours. Based on the vectorial difference of the 3D convection and absolute propagation of the reaction-zone, the 3D displacement speed (sT) is calculated. An instantaneous flame realization shows a large dynamic range of local sT and local flow transport, while also revealing the importance to resolve these quantities in 3D. Several flame-flow configurations are shown along the flame surface and each uniquely defined the local flame transport along the individual flame realization. A detailed uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is performed, confirming the validity of the sT distribution resolved for the methodology and operating conditions. A discussion on the different mechanisms leading to the large distribution of sT for the given operations is included and testifies to the complex nature of the in-cylinder flame development at this early stage. The limitations of the presented methodology are discussed particularly in the need for improved spatial resolution and additional volumetric information. The merits and limitations of the presented work provides an improved understanding of what is further needed to better resolve local 3D flame transport in engines for both experimental and numerical methodologies.

DAMPAK REFORMA AGRARIA DARI BAWAH TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI DESA GARONGAN DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Agrarian reform by leverage or commonly known as landreform by leverage is a peasant movements which <br />is organized by peasant initiative to defend their land. This movement could be associated with social welfare and negative excess like criminalization that frequently take place in Garongan village. There, most people involved in conflict because of their persistence to keep their land. There is a strong relationship between agrarian reform by leverage and peasant welfare. Land which is frequently referred as crucial donation of life has a vital value for human survival. The function of land is not only considered as human nee ds but al so as i dent it y t hat al ways t ri ggers any c onfl i ct nowadays . So, it ’s not st range if thi s condi ti on causes any negative impacts of criminalization including psychological, physical or both psychological and physical effects for those who involved. At the end of this description, farmers who have been sovereign from agriculture will be interferred by iron sand mining company which is supported by feudal forces and private corporations. This research examine more deeply about the relationship between agrarian reform by leverage and social welfare, the impact of agrarian reform by leverage to the criminalization and the differences of level of social welfare before and after agrarian reform in Garongan village. <br />Keywords: agrarian reform by leverage, criminalization, social welfare.

Strangeness in the proton

Strangeness in the proton

Perturbative QCD study of [formula omitted] decays to a pseudoscalar meson and a tensor meson

We study two-body hadronic Bs→PT decays, with P(T) being a light pseudoscalar (tensor) meson, in the perturbative QCD approach. The CP-averaged branching ratios and the direct CP asymmetries of the ΔS=0 modes are predicted, where ΔS is the difference between the strange numbers of final and initial states. We also define and calculate experimental observables for the ΔS=1 modes under the Bs0–B¯s0 mixing, including CP averaged branching ratios, time-integrated CP asymmetries, and the CP observables Cf, Df and Sf. Results are compared to the Bs→PV ones in the literature, and to the B→PT ones, which indicate considerable U-spin symmetry breaking. Our work provides theoretical predictions for the Bs→PT decays for the first time, some of which will be potentially measurable at future experiments.

Testing the effects of genetic crossing distance on embryo survival within a metapopulation of brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Predicting progeny performance from parental genetic divergence can potentially enhance the efficiency of supportive breeding programmes and facilitate risk assessment. Yet, experimental testing of the effects of breeding distance on offspring performance remains rare, especially in wild populations of vertebrates. Recent studies have demonstrated that embryos of salmonid fish are sensitive indicators of additive genetic variance for viability traits. We therefore used gametes of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) from five genetically distinct populations of a river catchment in Switzerland, and used a full factorial design to produce over 2,000 embryos in 100 different crosses with varying genetic distances (F ST range 0.005–0.035). Customized egg capsules allowed recording the survival of individual embryos until hatching under natural field conditions. Our breeding design enabled us to evaluate the role of the environment, of genetic and non-genetic parental contributions, and of interactions between these factors, on embryo viability. We found that embryo survival was strongly affected by maternal environmental (i.e. non-genetic) effects and by the microenvironment, i.e. by the location within the gravel. However, embryo survival was not predicted by population divergence, parental allelic dissimilarity, or heterozygosity, neither in the field nor under laboratory conditions. Our findings suggest that the genetic effects of inter-population hybridization within a genetically differentiated meta-population can be minor in comparison to environmental effects.

"Botanical Confusion" and the Strangeness of Language in Two Works by Olga Grushin

"Botanical Confusion" and the Strangeness of Language in Two Works by Olga Grushin

Exploring the Quantum: Atoms, Cavities, and Photons.

This article reviews Exploring the Quantum: Atoms, Cavities, and Photons. by Serge Haroche, Jean-Michel Raimond 616 pp. , Oxford UK, 2013. Price: $59.95 (paperback) ISBN 978-0-19968031-3.

Odosobnienie. Próby dekonstrukcji krajobrazu

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie na rzadziej dyskutowane wątki teoretyczne dotyczące krajobrazu. Idąc tropem sugestii W.J.T. Mitchella, że słowo „krajobraz” powinniśmy traktować raczej jako czasownik, niż rzeczownik skupiam się na wybranych sposobach doświadczania krajobrazu, w których do głosu dochodzi jego aktywność. Kładąc nacisk na pasywny podmiotowy charakter tego doświadczenia odróżniam dwa możliwe ujęcia krajobrazu: agoraskopiczne i agorapatyczne. Staram się pokazać, w jaki sposób doświadczenie „bycia dotkniętym” przez krajobraz funkcjonuje w ramach dialektycznego schematu tego, co bliskie i dalekie, dystansu i kontaktu w tekstach Erwina Strausa, Georgesa Didi-Hubermana, Gillesa Deleuze’a oraz Jean-François Lyotarda oraz w filmie Michaela Snowa "La région centrale. Krajobraz jako pojęcie operacyjne" pozwala opisywać moment połączenie swojskości i radykalnej obcości danych wspólnie, w jednym doświadczeniu.

Optimization of Forcing Parameters of Film Cooling Effectiveness

An optimization strategy is described that combines high-fidelity simulations with response surface construction, and is applied to pulsed film cooling for turbine blades. The response surface is constructed for the film cooling effectiveness as a function of duty cycle, in the range of DC between 0.05 and 1, and pulsation frequency St in the range of 0.2–2, using a pseudospectral projection method. The jet is fully modulated and the blowing ratio, when the jet is on, is 1.5 in all cases. Overall 73 direct numerical simulations (DNS) using spectral element method were performed to sample the film cooling effectiveness on a Clenshaw–Curtis grid in the design space. The geometry includes a 35-degree delivery tube and a plenum. It is observed that in the parameter space explored a global optimum exists, and in the present study, the best film cooling effectiveness is found at DC = 0.14 and St = 1.03. In the same range of DC and St, four other local optimums were found. The physical mechanisms leading to the forcing parameters of the global optimum are explored and ingestion of the crossflow into the delivery tube is observed to play an important role in this process. The gradient-based optimization algorithms are argued to be unsuitable for the current problem due to the nonconvexity of the objective function.

Meson Spectra in p + p Collisions at LHC

The p + p (proton + proton) collisions are important to understand particle production mechanism in partonic collisions and are also used as baseline for heavy ion collisions. We present systematic study of meson spectra in p + p collisions at LHC energies (√s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7.0 TeV). We also studied the transverse mass (m T ) spectra of pion and kaon for p + p collisions at all above mentioned energies. In an earlier study [1], it was shown that all the mesons produced in p + p and d + Au collisions at √s NN = 200 GeV follow m T scaling while in Au + Au collisions at same energy the mesons with strange and charm quark contents do not follow m T scaling which can be attributed to medium modifications. Here we fit all pion spectra with Hagedorn distribution and extract all the output parameters from the fitting. Then we fit kaon spectra using m T scaling with the help of those extracted fitting parameters along with a normalizing factor. We observed that m T scaling in case of kaon is valid in p + p collisions at LHC energies. The normalizing factor of kaon with respect to pion (K/π) is almost constant in all energies . This study is important for the observation of strangeness enhancement in heavy ion collisions, which is an important probe of quark gluon plasma (QGP). It is also used as a baseline for the study of medium modifications in heavy ion collisions. Kaon spectra provides a unique opportunity to identify new flavor and CP violating interactions beyond the Standard Model (SM).

Quantitative Thrust Efficiency of a Self-Propulsive Robotic Fish: Experimental Method and Hydrodynamic Investigation

The robotic fish that utilize the body/caudal fin undulatory locomotion has long interested both biologists and engineers. Although a variety of free swimming robotic fish prototypes have already been developed, very few studies addressed the methods for determining quantitative thrust efficiency. In this paper, we propose a novel experimental method that enables the simultaneous measurement of the power, wake flow field, and self-propulsive speed of a robotic fish, which together facilitate a quantitative measurement of its efficiency. Our results show that the optimal thrust efficiency of the robotic swimmer is within the Strouhal number (St) range of 0.3 ≤ St ≤ 0.325 when single-row reverse Karman vortices are produced. Nevertheless, present robotic fish swam at Strouhal numbers outside the optimal region under self-propulsive condition, and produced another type of wake structure: “double-row vortices.” We also show that robotic fish that utilize a low amplitude with a large flapping frequency produce higher self-propulsive speeds, whereas a larger amplitude paired with lower frequency results in higher efficiency. Additionally, a peak efficiency value of 31.6% is recored for the self-propulsive robotic swimmer. The general applicability of this experimental method indicates that broader issues regarding thrust efficiency for biomimetic underwater propulsive robots can be quanlitantively measured.

Subtraction in Traditional and Strange Number System by r's and r-1's Compliments

As most digital system cannot subtract, they can only add, so we needed a method of compliments to subtract. The knowledge of Compliments ,r’s and (r-1)’s in number systems, their representation, limits, is essential for understanding of computers and successful programming for digital devices In this paper we discussed r’s and (r-1)’s compliments subtraction through Traditional number system and Strange number system, their properties and subtraction in the light of different prospective. Traditional number system – binary, octal, decimal and hexadecimal, in regular use and Strange number system, with an extra edge of memorized information with greater density, zero redundancy problem, avoiding sign problem and reducing complexity of interconnections, - unodecimal, duodecimal, tridecimal, quadrodecimal, pentadecimal, heptadecimal, octodecimal, nona decimal, vigesimal and further are discussed through

Propulsion efficiency of bodies appended with multiple flapping fins: When more is less

Underwater animals propel themselves by flapping their pectoral and caudal fins in a narrow range of frequencies, given by Strouhal number St, to produce transitional vortex jets (St is generally expressed non-dimensionally as the product of flapping frequency and stroke (arc) length divided by forward speed). The organized nature of the selection of St and of the vortex jet is thought to maximize hydrodynamic efficiency, although the exact mechanism is not known. Our recent Stuart-Landau equation models, which have self-regulation properties, indicate that the fin and its jet vortices couple. Temporal maps of forces in single isolated fins show a bimodal behavior in certain ranges of the transitional Reynolds number; this behavior bears resemblance to neural bifurcation properties that owe their origin to the self-regulation mechanism. In view of our theoretical and biorobotic evidence of self-regulation in single flapping fins, we explore if this property is altered in a fin-appended body, the goal being to understand how the narrow selection of St, self-regulation, and maximization of hydrodynamic efficiency are related. Swimming vehicles of 1-m scale have been built where a rigid cylindrical body is appended with six flapping fins, three at each end. The fins are rigid, have a rounded leading edge and a laminar section (NACA 0012), and are hinged at one end. The planform is an abstracted version of the penguin wing; it has low aspect ratio and a chord Reynolds number that varies in the transitional range from 10 000 to 60 000. The fin geometry, Reynolds number range, and the nonflexible nature of the main body are in common with those in penguins, and the length and displacement volume are similar to those of sharks. The maximum hydrodynamic efficiency of the fin-appended body (0.40) is lower than that of the single fin (0.57), but is close to that of a fish using several fins. The propulsion density (kW/m3 of displacement volume) of the fin-appended cylinder is similar to that of a cruising shark. If we allow comparison of electrical versus thermal measurements, the total efficiency of the fin-appended body is similar to that of the damselfly and dragonfly, which are also based on vortex propulsion. The fin force fluctuations are modeled by a van der Pol oscillator. Measured phase maps of force fluctuation versus its time derivative correlate with the Strouhal numbers. Until stabilization, the maximum hydrodynamic efficiency of the fin-appended body increases with fin Reynolds number in a staircase pattern whose boundaries correlate with similar transitional sub-regimes in single fins, including the bimodal sub-regimes, thereby relating efficiency with the self-regulating jet vortex oscillators. At low Reynolds numbers, the peak of hydrodynamic efficiency remains flat over a wide range of St, becoming steeper at higher Reynolds numbers with the maximum occurring at lower values of St. The modeling shows that for self-regulation, future biorobotic design should focus on the reduction of structural damping and on a fin-body assembly that has reciprocal energetic interaction with the shed vortex.

Design an Algorithm for Data Compression using Pentaoctagesimal SNS

Compression is the science and art of representing the information in a compact form rather than its original or uncompressed form in data storage or transmission. Data compression is storing data in a format that requires less space than usual. Nowadays, data compression is a common requirement in telecommunication industry. Since last few decades, the research is continuing in the field of compression and various data compression techniques are already developed to compress different data formats. But, a data compression program using strange number system (specially using pentaoctagesimal SNS) tries to compact the data in some special format, such that the data occupies less disk space or that it can be transmitted in less time. A decompression program restores the information again. This paper mainly describes a simple compression and decompression process which is free from time complexity.