Strait Of Canakkale Research Articles

A proposed emergency response site selection for preventing pollution and collision effects using neutrosophic evaluation based on distance from average solution method and a numerical application in the Strait of Canakkale (Dardanelles)

The Turkish Straits Sea Area, encompassing the Sea of Marmara, the Strait of Canakkale, and the Strait of Istanbul, presents exceptional challenges due to its constricting and winding shape, making it one of the world's most difficult, busy, and hazardous waterways. The surge in marine traffic density in this vital waterway has raised concerns about collision risks. This study addresses two main problems: evaluating the adequacy of current Search and Rescue station locations for swift emergency response and identifying potential improved locations, if necessary. The research adopts a novel approach by utilizing neutrosophic data sets, a recently developed statistical method suitable for complex or indeterminate environments. This contributes to the advancement of alternative and contemporary techniques that enhance optimized decision-making. Notably, this study is the first to focus on the location and prioritization of emergency response points in the Çanakkale region, offering unique insights and original contributions to the field.

What if the Independenta or Nassia tanker accidents had happened in the Strait of Canakkale (Dardanelle)?

Turkey has great importance in global maritime transportation due to its straits. Çanakkale is one of the Turkish Straits which has never had many tanker accidents like Istanbul. Turkish Straits have become an essential natural waterway for global energy transportation, and high ship traffic density creates oil spill risk. Although many studies on pollution have been carried out in Canakkale, no similar study has been conducted, and accident simulation and pollution prediction have not been studied. The study is special. The study tries to explain how to simulate a Nassia or Independenta-size tanker accident in the selected sample region on the Strait of Canakkale and predict its possible consequences. Using the PISCES-II program, the simulated accident in the middle of the line determined between the Gallipoli-Çardak points, where maritime accidents are most frequently observed in the Strait of Canakkale, was determined to have spilled and spread 49,400 tons as a result of 27 h of monitoring. Since the program's features are more detailed than other similar programs, it is capable of giving the most realistic results, including the chemical properties of the spread. Outputs showed how the adverse effects of an oil spill accident could be mitigated in the area.

Prediction of the effects of the current regime on Ship’s Maneuvering at the Strait of Istanbul

The Turkish Straits System or Sea Area consists of the Strait of İstanbul, the Strait of Canakkale, and the Sea of Marmara. The Turkish Straits are also among the busiest natural waterways in the world. Local and international maritime trade increases maritime traffic by connecting Asia and Europe continents. This study shows that the Turkish Straits are a former river valley drowned by the sea at the end of the tertiary period and affects different and demanding marine sciences situations like water currents to the ships and seafarers during navigation. Throughout history, many hazardous collisions and marine accidents happened at the Turkish Straits famously like an Independenta in 1979 and lately Vitaspirit in 2018. Suppose we need to look deeply at many reasons for all collisions, and technical and natural effects. This study tries to find the answer to natural effects that could control by human reflex and eligible technical types of equipment at the Turkish Straits? The end of the study shows that natural effects could predict with technical equipment, and seafarers could control all effects with regular education and awareness. The result is that if all straits could measure and survey deeply and continuously seasonal and could service real on time ships, seafarers could control their ships to natural effects. Thus, while the seas will be protected, it will also positively affect city/urban life in the coastal areas.

CONSTRUCTION, ASSEMBLY AND SYSTEM DEPLOYMENT OF A FISH CAGE WITH COPPER ALLOY MESH PEN: CHALLENGING WORK LOAD AND ESTIMATION OF MAN-POWER

In the present study, a 150 cubic m net pen was designed as part of a collaborative research effort between the International Copper Association (ICA-USA), the University of New Hampshire (UNH-USA) and Cannakale Onsekiz Mart University (COMU-Turkey) in August 2011. The fish cage was developed to support the creation of a small scale demonstration farm, located in the Strait of Canakkale, off the coast of Guzelyali town in Turkey. The surface gravity-type, octagonal shaped fish cage was designed to have a diameter of 6 m and a copper alloy mesh chamber depth of 5 m. The present study details the cage construction and system deployment of one fish cage utilized a chain link mesh net chamber with a copper alloy developed by Wieland-Werke in Germany, with reference to work load challenge and estimation of man-power necessary for the partial and total work efforts. As a conclusion, one cage equipped with copper-alloy mesh pen was brought to a final shape with the net chamber assembled and attached to the cage frame in 3 days and 90 man-hours. The HDPE (high density polythylene) cage frame was assembled by an outside company, therefore detail of the main cage frame is not discussed in this paper.

Environmental Monitoring Around an Offshore Fish Farm with Copper Alloy Mesh Pens in the Northern Aegean Sea

In the present study, environmental monitoring was undertaken around an offshore fish farm with copper alloy mesh pens located in the Northern Aegean Sea. From the water velocity results obtained at the farm site, located in the Strait of Canakkale (formerly the Dardanelles) it was recorded that the horizontal water velocity reached 36cms^-1 at select times. The average water velocity was found to be 22cms^-1. Water quality measurements were made over an 11 months period between September 2011 and July 2012. Other than occasional wind drawn mixing events, the two different water masses can be clearly indicated depending on the temperature and salinity values recorded throughout the study period in the Strait of Canakkale. Inorganic nutrient concentrations such as NO^-₂+NO^-₃, NH₄, PO₄, TP and SiO₂, changed from low to moderate through most of the sampling period. The data for TSS varied among sampling depths between 0.06 and 10.40 mgL^-1, being below the typical seawater quality measurement threshold of 30 mgL^-1 pronounced by Water Pollution Control Regulations. Chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between 0.143-2.633μgL^-1, 0.055-1.519 μgL^-1, and 0.110-2.288 μgL^-1, at the surface, 15m, and 30m, respectively. It has been observed that starting from March 2012, especially in Stations 2 and 3, the phytoplankton abundance controlled the TSS, rather than terrestrial sources.

A Preliminary Note on Depositional Characteristics and Optical Luminescence Age of a Marine Terrace, Strait of Çanakkale, Turkey

ABSTRACT Avcioglu, M.; Erginal, A.E.; Kiyak, N.G.; Kapan-Yesilyurt, S., and Yigitbas. 2013. A preliminary note on depositional characteristics and optical luminescence age of a marine terrace, Strait of Canakkale, Turkey This preliminary study investigated the depositional features and optical luminescence age of marine terrace sediments located on the east coast of the Strait of Canakkale, Turkey. With regard to depositional setting, the studied sequence is formed mostly of shallow marine deposits rich in quartz and oysters as well as other accessory minerals and various fossil sea shells. In vertical section, the sequence is characterized by two different stratigraphic units, i.e. a 1.50-m-thick sandy to gravely bottom unit (unit A) and an overlying 2.5-m-thick fossiliferous zone (unit B). On the basis of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age estimations obtained from six sampling levels from bottom to top, we determined superimposed cycles of deposition during interglacials from 246.47 ± 25.32 ka...

INVESTIGATION INTO MARINE TRAFFIC AND A RISKY AREA IN THE TURKISH STRAITS SYSTEM: CANAKKALE STRAIT

The Turkish Straits comprising the Strait of Canakkale, the Strait of Istanbul and the Sea of Marmara are unique in many respects. All dangers and obstacles characteristic of narrow waterways are present and acute in this critical sea lane. This research reveals the simulation of Canakkale (Dardanelle) Strait under different traffic conditions and identifies risky areas. The results of this simulation show that an increase of 25% in the existing traffic grows 43 times in the number of waiting ships (from 1.663 to 73.73), whereas waiting time increases 29 times (from 24.267 to 737.07). As a result of simulations and risk analysis, it is found that Nara turning point is the bottleneck point of the strait due to its topographic structure and the current system.

Origin of the Strait of Çanakkale (Dardanelles): regional tectonics and the Mediterranean–Marmara incursion

Abstract The regional tectonics and the mid to late Quaternary seismic stratigraphy of the Strait of Canakkale (Dardanelles) and its opening towards the Aegean Sea were interpreted by using shallow seismic profiles. This strait is a narrow valley that resulted from regional uplift of the Gelibolu and Biga Peninsulas in the Pliocene as a consequence of compressional events generated by strike-slip faulting activity of the Ganos Fault, a northern strand of the North Anatolian Fault. A NNE–SSW trending fault system between Eceabat and Canakkale, believed to result from the left lateral displacement of the Ganos fault on the Gelibolu Peninsula, cut this valley into different segments. The connection between the Marmara Basin and the Aegean Sea has been achieved after flooding of the connected valleys during the mid to Late Pleistocene. Three major sea level lowstands (−130/−150 m) during this period (∼600 kyear BP) interrupted the sea water connection at least twice. Three main seismic unconformities detected in the sediments of the Strait of Canakkale represent these lowstands. Minor sea level lowstands could have induced narrowing of the strait and erosion of depositional units. The recent geological history of the Strait of Canakkale appears, as deduced from the Gelibolu Peninsula and its western regions, strongly related to escape tectonics influenced by the compressional forcing of the Anatolian Block. In addition, it also shows a morphological evolution, which carries the effects of the global sea-level variations.

Navigating the Bosporus and the Dardanelles: A Test for the International Community

AbstractThis article addresses the ongoing controversy over the 1994 Regulations imposed by Turkey over the traffic flow in the Strait of Istanbul, the Strait of Canakkale and the Sea of Marmara. It provides background information and a synopsis of the conflict, reviews the consistency of the Turkish Regulations with the existing international law, and offers a constructive suggestion for resolving the impasse. The navigation and the geo-political situation of the Straits is laid out followed by a presentation of, and comments on, the elements of the existing international legal regime governing the navigation in the Straits. A synopsis of the dispute is offered and the Turkish Regulations are reviewed. Elaborating on their ramifications, the article concludes that, while changes of the navigation control scheme of the Straits are unavoidable, it is only prudent for all involved parties to seek a lasting resolution of the present dispute through the amendment mechanism provided in the 1936 Montreux Convention. A framework for achieving this objective is presented.