Story Writer Research Articles

The New Yorker and the Experimental Modernist Writer: The Career of Novelist, Critic, and Short Story Writer Robert M. Coates

ABSTRACT The New Yorker, founded in 1925, was well-positioned to influence the reception of Anglo-American literary modernism. Although the magazine frequently paid attention to modernism, it did not make a special point of championing or publishing modernist writers. An illuminating exception in this regard was the experimental modernist writer Robert Myron Coates (1897–1973), who had a life-long association with the New Yorker, while also crafting a career in distinctly experimental writing. Coates's work and career is emblematic of the interconnectedness between advanced modernism, its middlebrow manifestations, and American popular culture.

Cathedral From the Perspective of Reconstructive Postmodernism

Raymond Carver (1938-1988) is a famous American writer in the second half of the 20th century. He is very influential in the contemporary fiction field, who has been praised as “the American Chekhov”, “the greatest American short story writer after Hemingway” and “the greatest contributor to the revival of short story in the 1980s”. Cathedral , a collection of stories published in 1983, is Carver’s mature work nominated for Pulitzer Prize, which includes a short story named Cathedral . Carver’s short story Cathedral illustrates the alienation and imbalance of the human spirit brought about by modernism. Aiming at Raymond Carver’s short story Cathedral , this paper adopts the method of combining literature review and literary criticism to illustrate the main narrative features of Carver’s novels from the perspective of Reconstructive Postmodernism. In Carver’s opinion, when communicating with others, recognizing and accepting the difference between oneself and others, which also means integrating into the world of others, enables the isolated individual can truly communicate with the social partner outside the family. Through true acceptance and respect of others which has been externalized as the means of communication, the inner relationship between the self and others is rebuilt, and the spiritual dilemma can be got rid of, and the spiritual home of human beings is finally rebuilt to accomplish the overall ecological civilization of human society, which is of great significance to the construction of contemporary ecological civilization and the realization of harmony between man and nature.

Man’s Helplessness Against Destiny in Ernest Hemingway’s The Oldman and The Sea

Ernest Hemingway, an American writer, produced considerable novels in the history of English literature. Hemingway’s The Oldman and the Sea is a story of an old man's struggle and his helplessness against destiny. Like Greek tragedians, Hemingway accepts the harshness of destiny in man’s life. It is very well said “Man proposes and God disposes" that denotes the role of destiny in man's life. The story of The Oldman and the Sea is universal because it reveals how human beings struggle to get something in life but sometimes crushed under the wheels of destiny. The old man has an indomitable spirit and sea experience yet he is unable to catch the fish for a few days. One day, he caught the big fish called the Marlin but it was too big for him to drag to the shore. The Old man tried to drag the Marlin to the shore but in a midway, its blood attracted the Sharks and he brought only its skeleton on the shore. So Hemingway talks about the helplessness of man against destiny through the character of an old man. This paper is a sincere effort to display man's helplessness against destiny through the character of an old man. 
 Ernest Miller Hemingway is known as Ernest Hemingway in English literature, was an American journalist, novelist, short story writer and sportsman. Hemingway wrote seven novels during his lifetime and among them, the popular novels are The Sun Also Rises, Farewell to Arms, and The Old man and the Sea. The Old man and the Sea brought him a good name and fame in literature. Hemingway’s works mainly deal with the themes of love, war, wilderness, and loss. Farewell to Arms deals with the theme of the futility of war. In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway says, "The world breaks everyone and afterwards many are strong in broken places. But those that will not break it kills. It kills very good and the very gentle and the very brave impartially. If you are none of these you can be sure it will kill you too but there will be no special hurry.” (en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest _ Hemingway) It seems that there is always conflict between good and evil in this world but some people remain strong in broken places. The greater power called destiny crushes everyone under its wheels impartially. In this connection, Omar Khayyam writes:

A Study in the Short Stories of Kamala Das

The study has been able to ascertain and prove beyond doubt that Das’s prose works are of no less ranking than her poems and that she has effectively employed the short story form to present the predicaments of Indian womanhood and their quest for identity and self-assertion. The exhaustive evaluation and thorough scrutiny taking up various aspects of he stories right from her themes, structure and style, narrative techniques to her portrayal of Indian women, their status in society, and identity crisis have finally led to the emergence of the New Indian woman. Das’s feminist approach and overt outlook, along with the quest for a self-determined and self-affirmed identity for Indian women, have been well established through a methodical and exhaustive contemplation of the diverse women characters. The conclusion that emerges from this study undoubtedly corroborates and attests that Kamala Das’s name stands at par with the pioneer Indian woman short story writers. Das has efficiently and effectively used the short story genre as a document of social criticism and has established herself as a feminist crusader, campaigning to acquire for the Indian womanhood an independent identity and self-dignity. Das’s short story, with its innovative style and techniques, simple language, and concise form, has been brilliantly explored in discussing the problems facing Indian womanhood, especially her search for selfhood. Das has adeptly highlighted and presented her outlooks with the help of her characters. The fact that her English fictional work has remained obscure and un-honored is a sad story and a loss to literature.

Alice Walker’s Perspective of Empowerment of Black Women as Revealed in her Novel “The Third Life of Grange Copeland”

Alice Walker is a Black American novelist, essayist, short story writer, poetic, critic, biographer, editor and Pulitzer Prize laureate. Alice Walker captures the experience of Black women in her works as a series of movements from women who are victimized by the society to women who have taken control of their lives consciously. She has explored the lives of Black women in depth even questions their fate. She has courage to see through the seeds of time and declares that in future black women would no longer live in suspension. “The Third Life of Grange Copeland” (1970) was the first novel of Alice Walker. The focus is on Black women characters in The Third Life who empower themselves through education and economic independence. This novel introduces the domination of powerless women by equally powerless men. The novel challenges African Americans to take a scrutinizing look at them. Mary Margaret Richards observes that “The Oldest generation represented by Grange finds itself trapped in a share cropper system… a form of slavery (African –American Writers, p.744). The novel introduces many of her prevalent themes, particularly the domination of powerless women by equally powerless men.

Bearable with Humor, Pain in Sherman Alexie’s The Business of Fancydancing: Stories and Poems

For the time being Native Americans still doubt and question their status amid the American nation. The consciousness of being marginal and subjugated appears clearly in their literature. Within the rising voices that echo widely against repression and injustice, they have had their voice, a voice that reflects historical agony, cultural deprivation, and political stings. Moreover, what distinguishes their voices is the amount of mutilation and loss that turns into humor and sarcasm. This voice ceaselessly tries to bring back a fragmented identity from ashes. Sherman Alexie, a poet, novelist, short story writer, filmmaker, essayist, and comedian, is one of the best to adopt the role of fighting for his people to reclaim their status. His people and their dignified and excruciating survival inform much of his multi-genre works and unify his style. Frequently, the black humor technique pops up in his poems to show, on the one hand, the considerable amount of pain and, on the other, to make this pain bearable.

Nāzik al-Malāʾikah and Edgar Allan Poe: Their Poetry and Related Poetics

Abstract This study argues that Nāzik al-Malāʾikah’s poetics—as indicated in her “Introduction” to her collection Shaẓāyā wa-ramād and her book Qaḍāyā al-shiʿr al-muʿāṣir—is in conversation with the famous American poet, critic, and short story writer Edgar Allan Poe’s poetics. This affinity has not been properly noted by critics, as their discussions have been limited to issues of form, content, or borrowings from Poe’s poems. This article argues that al-Malāʾikah’s elaborations on Poe are more profound than hitherto assumed since they articulate a different kind of formal poetics altogether. The chief characteristics of this poetics can be identified as sound/rhythm, concision, refrain (or repetition, with variation). While these innovative instances are foundational in her literary criticism, her poetry also conveys other venues of indebtedness and conversation.

The Concept of New Women in the Short Stories of Odia Writer Binapani Mohanty

I deliberate on examining few of the liberated women or the New Women presented in an Odia short story writer Binapani Mohanty’s stories. In her stories, the persona and disposition is finding a place for constructive thrive, but again those are not really allowed to flourish in a full fledged manner. With the change of time and different dynamics of the modern scenario, women have started to become aware of the happening surrounded by them. A liberated woman thinks on her own, can take decision, has the ability to accept or reject any idea. They hold their own opinion. But when patriarchy operates, to what extent they have been allowed for expression is the next thing to be examined. Talking about the New Women is more appropriate than New Woman. Every individual woman has a different circumstance to respond to. Her portrayal of new women is different from the idea of the Victorian New Woman. In the modern context, they have to endure lots of struggle and suffering. Mohanty’s characters are mostly the middle class women, who are affected by every small little change in the society. She has also drawn a parallel with the doubly disadvantageous lot of the society, the poor class women. In every situation the characters so dynamically adopt to every situation.

GRACE THROUGH GROTESQUE IN FLANNERY O’CONNOR’S REVELATION

Flannery O’Connor is an American short story writer and considered a prominent one in the canon of Christian fictional writing. Revelation (1965) is one of her most celebrated stories in all of her thirty two short stories. The select story is an embodiment of her objective of writings. O’Connor believes mankind should know and have God in their lives to realise their spiritual and moral depravity and then can transform themselves to lead a diligent and happy life. The article explores main character, Mrs Turpin of the select story who is in a false assumption of her self as a righteous person and a good Christian. She believes her treatment of poor and lowly people to be right, which in reality is not. This paper explores how God bestows his grace by providing her an opportunity to know her inner self through unexpected, abrupt and grotesque situations.

UMA LÓGICA PARA OS SENTIDOS: ENTREVISTA COM FERNANDO BONASSI

Apresentação Nascido em São Paulo (1962), Fernando Bonassi destaca-se como contista, roteirista, dramaturgo, romancista e cineasta premiado internacionalmente. Várias de suas produções estão publicadas em antologias brasileiras e estrangeiras. Como autor de literatura e como produtor cinematográfico, reconhecido pela crítica pelo poder corrosivo e cáustico de sua linguagem artística, Bonassi demonstra especiais habilidades comunicativas de expressar ficcionalmente faces do mundo contemporâneo tão marcado por consumismo, violência e instantaneidades. Seus livros 100 histórias colhidas da rua (Editora Scritta, 1996) e Passaporte (Editora Cosac & Naify, 2001) podem, certamente, constar entre as melhores coletâneas de micronarrativas publicadas no Brasil nas últimas décadas. Neste último, por exemplo, tendo o passaporte como metonímia, narradores múltiplos empreendem uma flânerie por espaços diversos do mundo, como se percorressem labirintos de uma cidade única que apenas muda de nome, com fronteiras imaginárias: o que se representa, nessas breves crônicas do cotidiano, é o humano, em sua contundente realidade de derrisão utópica. Para o cinema, Bonassi produziu roteiros de Os matadores, Carandiru, Garotas do ABC, Cazuza, Através da janela, Castelo Rá Tim Bum; destaca-se, também, com as produções teatrais de Preso entre ferragens, Três cigarros e a Última Lasanha, além de ter escrito e dirigido o monólogo O incrível menino na fotografia – entre outros textos. Entre suas produções destinadas ao público infantil e juvenil, incluem-se os títulos: Uma carta para Deus (Formato, 1997), O pequeno fascista (Cosac Naify, 2005), Diário de guerra de São Paulo (Publifolha, 2007) e Montanha-russa (Cosac Naify, 2008). Na entrevista a seguir, o autor fala de sua produção destinada ao público infantil e juvenil: sua sensibilidade e atenção para a contemporaneidade e a crueza das relações sociais que afetam a infância e a juventude reverberam na estética de Bonassi, trazendo provocações intensas ao leitor, oferecendo, de certo modo, uma espécie de lógica potente para compreensão dos sentidos.
 PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Fernando Bonassi. Literatura Infantojuvenil. Contemporaneidade. Entrevista.

Adaptive storytelling based on personality and preference modeling

In almost all forms of storytelling, the background and the current state of mind of the audience members predispose them to experience a given story from a uniquely personal perspective. However, traditional story writers usually construct their narratives based on the average preferences of their audience, which does not guarantee satisfying narrative experiences for its members. When a narrative aims at providing pleasurable entertainment, having some information about the preferences of the current user for the narrative’s content is vital to create satisfying experiences. This paper explores personality modeling and proposes a novel approach to generate individualized interactive narratives based on the preferences of users, which we model in terms of the Big Five factors. This paper presents and evaluates the proposed method in a web-based interactive storytelling system that explores the Little Red Riding Hood folktale. The results show that the proposed method is capable of correctly recognizing the preferences of users for story events (average accuracy of 91.9%) and positively improve user satisfaction and experience.

The appearance of truth – the truth of appearance. Steen Steensen Blicher: Præsten i Vejlby

The paper discusses a piece by one of the most outstanding Danish short story writers of the 19 th century, structured around the convential elements of detective stories. Relying on Jean Baudrillard’s simulacra theory, it attempts to demonstrate the process of how the intriguer Morten Bruus, by a successful use of make-believe, manages to incriminate a pastor, Soren Qvist, in a murder although he is innocent. Bruus’s manipulative strategy prevails in the end: he succeeds at deceiving both his environment and the judge presiding in the case, and the accused is executed. The truth is revealed only twenty years later when Niels Bruus, long thought to be dead, returns. Drawing on Derrida’s legal philosophy, the analysis seeks to expose the problematic nature of justice on earth, and it shows by revisiting certain ideas of Kierkegaard that even in the shadow of death, steadfast faith in divine justice can get us over our fears and the eternal uncertainty deriving from the essence of human existence.

Divine Viewpoint of Rabindranath Tagore Development

The research paper deals with the Divine viewpoint of Rabindranath Tagore who was Vaishainavite poet, Novelist, story writer, and thinker and philosopher, a versatile personality. Humanistic view saw its full development after the advent of Renaissance in the European nations, and all faiths somewhere propounded the notion of fraternity, equity and liberty, and most of the people still believe that Tagore’s spiritual poetry as specified in the Gitanjali deals with Divine Element and mysticism demonstrating co-relationship between humanity, Divinity and the Universe, and Tagore’s humanistic view is closely associated with his spiritualism, nevertheless, it brings humanity close to Divinity. God loves to see in me not his servant but himself who serves all. According to Tagore salvation is not complete absorption into God but absolute dedication to humanity through love, service and joy.

Jump at the Sun: The True Life Tale of Unstoppable Story-catcher Zora Neale Hurston by Alicia D. Williams

Reviewed by: Jump at the Sun: The True Life Tale of Unstoppable Story-catcher Zora Neale Hurston by Alicia D. Williams Elizabeth Bush Williams, Alicia D. Jump at the Sun: The True Life Tale of Unstoppable Storycatcher Zora Neale Hurston; illus. by Jacqueline Alcántara. Dlouhy/Atheneum, 2021 [48p] Trade ed. ISBN 9781534419131 $17.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9781534419148 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R* 7-10 yrs Storyteller, story writer, story collector—Zora Neale Hurston's folklorist vocation was pretty well preordained from childhood, as Williams conveys in this vibrant picture book biography. Obstacles and melodrama are scattered in her path, from her mother's death and the ensuing stepmother drama, to poverty that lapped at the edges of her career even at its height, but it seems inevitable the child who would waylay motorists with her stories would grow into the woman who would mingle with the greats in the Harlem Renaissance and parlay a Barnard College senior project into groundbreaking curation of Black folklore. Williams' narration is a readaloud dream, tinged but not overburdened with regional dialect, and packing far more content into rousing text than most picture book bios can boast. Alcántara's artwork revels in the tropical colors of Zora's Eatonville, Florida home ground and cleverly incorporates insets featuring whimsical motifs from Zora's tales. This is an excellent age match for picture book presentations of Hurston's work (e.g., Lies and Other Tall Tales, BCCB 1/06), and with its additional biographical end matter and suggestions for further reading, it will be a joyful guide for folklore enthusiasts. Copyright © 2021 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Note from the Editor

CLA JOURNAL 1 Note from the Editor March 2020 will be remembered for many reasons, but what will surely set it apart in the history books was the gradual realization during the final weeks of a relatively mild winter that America--indeed the world--was witnessing in slow motion the fast-moving onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. Throughout March 2020 and the months that followed, we sheltered in place, venturing out in masks, gloves, or sometimes improvised gear to gather essentials only. During these stressful months--and even earlier, we were soon to learn--infections from this virus led to a staggering worldwide loss of life as the relentless, equal-opportunity killer took down seniors and children alike. Within a matter of days, collateral damage from the virus upended carefully laid plans for conferences, graduations, vacations, weddings, concerts, and sporting events. The80thAnnualConventionof theCollegeLanguageAssociation(Afrofuturism: Diasporic Visions) was not spared from the succession of postponed or cancelled events. Decision-makers moved reluctantly but quickly to devise contingency plans. In an historic announcement to the CLA membership, then-President Donna Akiba Sullivan Harper wrote, “Your CLA Executive Committee has decided to take the extraordinary action of postponing our April 2020 convention–-a decision that CLA fortunately has not had to make since WWII, when three national meetings were cancelled. Following quickly on the heels of Dr. Harper’s announcement was welcomed news that the April 2020 CLA Convention had been rescheduled for March 3-6, 2021 at its original Memphis, TN location. Although birthed amid the onset of an historic upheaval, CLAJ 63.1 does not take up the subject. Instead, the six essays that appear here had their origins during earlier, virus-free moments. Topics range from films by Abdul Ben-Abdallah and Haile Gerima to the science fiction of Ray Bradbury and Derrick Bell. Agnieszka Tuszynska’s essay,“Raceless No More: In Search of Race in Willard Motley’s Papers,” offers a reevaluation of Willard Motley’s engagement with the subject of antiblack racism with the hope of a subsequent reassessment of his place in the canon of African American literature. The author argues that the reason for the lack of critical attention to Motley’s work lies in his status as an African American author who became defined early on as a “raceless” writer and challenges calls for scrutiny of his papers--a scrutiny grounded in what he calls archival intimacy. Such archival intimacy requires a holistic study of a broad range of the author’s personal and literary pursuits, leading to a deeply contextual reading of any works produced by the author. Trent Masiki’s essay,“Any place is better than here”: Afro-Zionism in the Science Fiction of Ray Bradbury and Derrick Bell,” examines how U.S. writers use African 2 CLA JOURNAL Note from the Editor American music in speculative emigration narratives that contextualize and critique the state of U.S. race relations. It explores the relationship between Afro-Zionism, contributionism and messianism in the short stories “Way in the Middle of the Air” (1950) by Ray Bradbury and the “The Space Traders” (1991) by Derrick A. Bell, one of the founders of critical race theory. Using cultural poetics and close textual analysis, I examine how the writers of these short stories use Negro spirituals, the blues, and hip hop to express their ambivalence, if not pessimism, about emigration as a solution to the permanence of racial discrimination and terror in the U.S. William Cunningham’s essay, “Quiet Places in Jesmyn Ward and Natasha Trethewey” builds upon Kevin Quashie’s description and analysis of the inner landscape of black expression in The Sovereignty of Quiet. The essay argues for a spatial analog of quiet as revealed in the works of Natasha Trethewey and Jesmyn Ward. It asserts further that Trethewey’s use of telescoping imagery on a still photo demonstrates an intentional and intersectional discourse of quiet that shapes individual identity while also being contained within the landscape. Connecting TretheweyandWardthroughtheiruseof undergroundspaces,theessaydemonstrates how characters in Salvage the Bones access quiet spaces in order to better understand their environment, articulate their own desires, and survive natural and social forces bent on their destruction. Kwangsoon Kim...

Note from the Editor

CLA JOURNAL 1 Note from the Editor March 2020 will be remembered for many reasons, but what will surely set it apart in the history books was the gradual realization during the final weeks of a relatively mild winter that America--indeed the world--was witnessing in slow motion the fast-moving onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. Throughout March 2020 and the months that followed, we sheltered in place, venturing out in masks, gloves, or sometimes improvised gear to gather essentials only. During these stressful months--and even earlier, we were soon to learn--infections from this virus led to a staggering worldwide loss of life as the relentless, equal-opportunity killer took down seniors and children alike. Within a matter of days, collateral damage from the virus upended carefully laid plans for conferences, graduations, vacations, weddings, concerts, and sporting events. The80thAnnualConventionof theCollegeLanguageAssociation(Afrofuturism: Diasporic Visions) was not spared from the succession of postponed or cancelled events. Decision-makers moved reluctantly but quickly to devise contingency plans. In an historic announcement to the CLA membership, then-President Donna Akiba Sullivan Harper wrote, “Your CLA Executive Committee has decided to take the extraordinary action of postponing our April 2020 convention–-a decision that CLA fortunately has not had to make since WWII, when three national meetings were cancelled. Following quickly on the heels of Dr. Harper’s announcement was welcomed news that the April 2020 CLA Convention had been rescheduled for March 3-6, 2021 at its original Memphis, TN location. Although birthed amid the onset of an historic upheaval, CLAJ 63.1 does not take up the subject. Instead, the six essays that appear here had their origins during earlier, virus-free moments. Topics range from films by Abdul Ben-Abdallah and Haile Gerima to the science fiction of Ray Bradbury and Derrick Bell. Agnieszka Tuszynska’s essay,“Raceless No More: In Search of Race in Willard Motley’s Papers,” offers a reevaluation of Willard Motley’s engagement with the subject of antiblack racism with the hope of a subsequent reassessment of his place in the canon of African American literature. The author argues that the reason for the lack of critical attention to Motley’s work lies in his status as an African American author who became defined early on as a “raceless” writer and challenges calls for scrutiny of his papers--a scrutiny grounded in what he calls archival intimacy. Such archival intimacy requires a holistic study of a broad range of the author’s personal and literary pursuits, leading to a deeply contextual reading of any works produced by the author. Trent Masiki’s essay,“Any place is better than here”: Afro-Zionism in the Science Fiction of Ray Bradbury and Derrick Bell,” examines how U.S. writers use African 2 CLA JOURNAL Note from the Editor American music in speculative emigration narratives that contextualize and critique the state of U.S. race relations. It explores the relationship between Afro-Zionism, contributionism and messianism in the short stories “Way in the Middle of the Air” (1950) by Ray Bradbury and the “The Space Traders” (1991) by Derrick A. Bell, one of the founders of critical race theory. Using cultural poetics and close textual analysis, I examine how the writers of these short stories use Negro spirituals, the blues, and hip hop to express their ambivalence, if not pessimism, about emigration as a solution to the permanence of racial discrimination and terror in the U.S. William Cunningham’s essay, “Quiet Places in Jesmyn Ward and Natasha Trethewey” builds upon Kevin Quashie’s description and analysis of the inner landscape of black expression in The Sovereignty of Quiet. The essay argues for a spatial analog of quiet as revealed in the works of Natasha Trethewey and Jesmyn Ward. It asserts further that Trethewey’s use of telescoping imagery on a still photo demonstrates an intentional and intersectional discourse of quiet that shapes individual identity while also being contained within the landscape. Connecting TretheweyandWardthroughtheiruseof undergroundspaces,theessaydemonstrates how characters in Salvage the Bones access quiet spaces in order to better understand their environment, articulate their own desires, and survive natural and social forces bent on their destruction. Kwangsoon Kim...

Occult Influences on Luigi Capuana and Luigi Pirandello

Luigi Capuana (1839–1915) and Luigi Pirandello (1867–1936) were two of the most important Italian writers who lived between the XIX and XX century. Capuana was an author, poet and journalist influenced by the works of Emile Zola, French author and founder of Naturalism, who was also one of the most important members of the Verist literary movement in Italy. Pirandello was a novelist, poet, short story writer, dramatist and author of 40 theatre plays. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1934, and his work is famed worldwide. Both authors were also influenced by Western Esotericism, especially by French Spiritualism and Theosophy, which is noticeable not only in their novels and theatre plays but also in their writings about the theory of literature and related articles. This paper deals with the presence of Esotericism and Occultism in the works of these authors and in the overall culture in fin de siecle Italy, in order to show just how important these topics are to better understand their poetic opus and ideas about literature, culture and society at that time.

Eudora Welty Foundation

Eudora Welty Foundation Jeanne B. Luckett Throughout 2019, the Eudora Welty Foundation coordinated and produced inspiring and educational programs and events and funded research endeavors to support the preservation and appreciation of the gifts of Eudora Welty—her literary and photographic treasures as well as the Eudora Welty House and Garden and the Welty Collection at the Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Scholars, writers, students, and the general public benefit from the work of the Foundation. Many activities are carried out in collaboration with cosponsors and partners. NEH Grant Supports MDAH Welty Collection Digitization In April 2019, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History (MDAH) received a $217,982 implementation grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to preserve, digitize, and enhance access to the papers in its Eudora Welty Collection. The Welty Foundation is providing the MDAH required matching contribution for the grant. The two-year project is conserving 60 items and compiling metadata for more than 19,800 scans of items in the collection. Manuscripts, correspondence, photographs, and sound recordings are being digitized. An online catalog will be created to facilitate research in these materials. Beginning in 1957 and for over more than 40 years, Welty donated materials to MDAH, mainly manuscripts and photographs. After her death in 2001, the remainder of her papers, including unpublished manuscripts and 14,000 items of correspondence were bequeathed to the agency. These materials are the premier collection of Welty materials in the world. Poet Natasha Trethewey Offers 2019 Bettye Jolly Lecture Pulitzer Prize-winner and two-time Poet Laureate of the United States Natasha Trethewey delivered the 2019 Bettye Jolly Lecture to an overflow crowd at the Welty House and Garden on March 8. She spoke about her craft and her life and read from her latest book, Monument, which was longlisted for the 2018 National Book Award. A Mississippi native, Trethewey [End Page 209] is Board of Trustees Professor of English at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. Trethewey answered questions from the audience and was engaged in conversation by Welty scholar Suzanne Marrs, who also introduced her. Marrs asked Trethewey to discuss her experience writing the foreword for the revised publication of Eudora Welty's Photographs, (UP of Mississippi), which was released the following month. The author of five poetry collections and a memoir, Trethewey was the 2012–16 Poet Laureate of Mississippi. She was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2013 and received the Heinz Award for Arts and Humanities in 2017. In 2018, Trethewey traveled across the nation for the PBS "NewsHour" series "Where Poetry Lives." The endowed Bettye Jolly Lecture honors the late Bettye Jolly, a longtime volunteer and supporter of the Eudora Welty House and Garden. Contributions may be made to the Bettye Jolly Lecture through the Eudora Welty Foundation. The lecture was founded by a book club which grew out of a Millsaps Great Topics Seminar taught by Marrs. Jolly was a dedicated member of the book club. Past lecturers have been Lee Smith, Rosanna Warren, Beth Henley, and Alice McDermott. The 2020 Lecture will be delivered by poet, short story writer, and novelist Ron Rash (postponed until further notice). Revised Welty's Photographs Released on Thirtieth Anniversary On April 13, 2019, 30 years to the date of the book's first release and Eudora's 110th birthday, a new revised edition of Eudora Welty Photographs, published by University Press of Mississippi, was celebrated at the Eudora Welty House and Garden. In hardback again for the first time in 30 years, the book also includes 16 photographs not included in the original publication. The Foundation-sponsored event featured a panel discussion moderated by Welty friend and biographer Suzanne Marrs. Panelists were Holmes Adams, Welty Foundation Board Chair; Seetha Srinivasan, director of University Press of Mississippi when the first Photographs was published; Craig Gill, current director of University Press; and Mary Alice Welty White, Eudora's niece, first director of the Welty House, and Foundation board secretary. A special feature of the program was a video interview with Eudora conducted by noted journalist and Welty friend Roger Mudd about the book's [End Page 210] first publication, broadcast on the...

Pai Poe e teorizações dos contos no continente americano: considerações traçadas a partir das resenhas de Jorge Luis Borges sobre Edgar Allan Poe

Algumas resenhas de Jorge Luis Borges dedicadas a Edgar Allan Poe consideram este último o pai de uma curiosa genealogia das poesias modernas e das vanguardistas. Críticos e contistas também consagraram Poe à posição de pai dos contos modernos e da teorização desses contos no continente americano. Comparando-o aos demais escritores da literatura onírica estadunidense, Borges assinala o pendor dos contos argentinos a um realismo intranscendente. Borges aponta tendências diferentes nos contos dessas literaturas, a partir de considerações sobre críticas feitas por Poe às alegorias metafísicas de Nathaniel Hawthorne. Confirmando essa crítica, Borges chega a perguntar pela possibilidade de uma estratégia retórica heteróclita, como a alegoria, nomear aquilo que Hawthorne se impõe: a inteireza una da fábula. Este artigo propõe um comentário de resenhas de Borges a respeito de Poe e chama a atenção para a prevalência de um realismo intranscendente semelhante, na história da literatura brasileira.

The Portrayal of Death in Sylvia Plath's Selected Poems

One of the most outstanding poets, novelists and short story writers in American literature is Sylvia Plath (1932-1963). A confessional poet whose texts are genuine in style and subject matter. Death is a dominant theme in the poetry of Sylvia Plath. She had dealt with this topic from various perspectives. Her father''s death left her dejected. Besides, her husband''s betrayal made her more forlorn and desperate. All of these events in her life caused her mental state disorder and this is clear in the poems I chose to analyze, “Daddy”, “Lady Lazarus”, and “Edge”. This paper examines Plath''s depiction of death in her poetry and the illustration of death related to her biography. It also aims at presenting the existence of death in her life and the absence of the fear of death in her poetry as well; which is her observation of death. Moreover, it will examine how Sylvia Plath’s mental state did affect her works and how it is important for the reader to know the background of Sylvia Plath to understand her works. Hence, the paper will start with introducing her style of writing. Then, the paper analyzes the selected poems accordingly. For this purpose, the paper will give a deep dive into the selected poems of the poet’s posthumously poem collection book “Ariel”, and conclude the overall picture of each poem for better understanding the reasons behind the poet’s behaviors. Finally, the paper concludes the findings of the study.