Frame Story Research Articles

Future Imaginings: Public and Personal Culture, Social Location, and the Shaping of Dreams*†

Using data derived from focus groups, interviews, and the content analysis of widely circulated cultural scripts on dreaming, we document the social patterning of people’s future imaginings. People attend to, store, and activate different cultural scripts in building dreams for the future. These scripts derive from “pubic culture”—widely available repertoires, including values and beliefs; concepts; story frames, scripts, and narratives; customs, practices, and rules. We show that one’s “social location”—where class, race, or gender place people in social space—influences the particular cultural scripts ingrained in people’s minds. We also show that people use different forms of “personal culture” (nondeclarative and declarative, along with their accompanying cognitive styles) in expressing their dreams to others. Those attuned to the dominant scripts about dreaming, (generally those in privileged social locations), more often rely on nondeclarative culture in reporting what and why they dream. Those at odds with dominant scripts (generally those in less privileged locations) more often rely on declarative culture in explaining what and why they dream. Our study uses dreams to shed light on the relationship between public and personal culture—a task called for by current work in culture and cognition.

Analysis of Retrofitted Cold Formed Steel Multistory Building Frame

The cold formed steel section are increasingly used as a structural elements in low rise buildings in recent times, due to the advantages like economic production, easy transportation, low labor cost and high strength to weight ratio. In the current work a G+3 storied building frame is studied for seismic and wind load using Staad-pro software. Light gauge section is taken for beam and slab elements. The seismic analysis is carried out by Equivalent static method. After analysis the results such as story displacement, story drift, Base shear and time period are compared for different models. The building frame is also analyzed for wind load. In the current work cross bracing using Light gauge element used as a retrofitting technique. The retrofitted building frame is analyzed for wind and seismic loads and results obtained for time period, storey displacement, storey drift and base shear values are compared with the corresponding values of base frame. The results of retrofitted frame showed shortening in time period, storey displacement and story drift values in X&Z directions indicating the increased ductility, Stiffness and strength of structure. Hence the proposed retrofitting technique could be believed to achieve success results in increased strength and ductility values required by wind and seismic loading.

Ideological Framing of Somali Refugees’ Repatriation from Kenya.

This study sought to examine the implications of ideological framing of Somali refugees’ repatriation from Kenya in news reports in the Daily Nation and The Standard; as well as in the Guardian and Washington Post. This study was conducted using the comparative research design aimed at providing ideological framing of Somali refugees’ repatriation from Kenya. The researcher used a comparative research design to identify and analyse differences and similarities between the arguments by recording outcomes without manipulation. This study's target sources of data are newspaper reports addressing the arguments about the Somali refugees' repatriation from Kenya as reported in the local and international print media. The researcher used news reports about the arguments of Somali repatriation from Daadab in Kenya as reported in the local and international print media by adopting the purposive sampling technique. In this study, data was collected from newspaper reports from both the local and international newspapers that have covered the arguments about the repatriation of Somali refugees from the Daadab refugee camp in Kenya. This study used a qualitative data analysis technique. The study concluded that the media should do more research to come up with an objective ideology from the refugees. Framing of stories based on the donors and government may not always show what is happening at the camp. It recommends that the ideologies that were portrayed strongly in this study are insecurity, sympathy for refugees, donor benefits, instability in Somalia and economic burden.

Online Dynamic Response Reconstruction in the Presence of Observation Outliers

Previous studies show that Kalman filter (KF)-based dynamic response reconstruction of a structure has distinct advantages in the aspects of combining the system model with limited measurement information and dealing with system model errors and measurement Gaussian noises. However, because the recursive KF aims to achieve a least-squares estimate of state vector by minimizing a quadratic criterion, observation outliers could dramatically deteriorate the estimator’s performance and considerably reduce the response reconstruction accuracy. This study addresses the KF-based online response reconstruction of a structure in the presence of observation outliers. The outlier-robust Kalman filter (OKF), in which the outlier is discerned and reweighted iteratively to achieve the generalized maximum likelihood (ML) estimate, is used instead of KF for online dynamic response reconstruction. The influences of process noise and outlier duration to response reconstruction are investigated in the numerical study of a simple 5-story frame structure. The experimental work on a simply-supported overhanging steel beam is conducted to testify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that compared with the KF-based response reconstruction, the proposed OKF-based method is capable of dealing with the observation outliers and producing more accurate response construction in presence of observation outliers.

Qiyama as Rebellion, Taqiyya as Hypercamouflage: The Political Theology of Reza Negarestani

An examination of the Iranian philosopher Reza Negarestani’s development of political theology. Considered within the context of his involvement with a strand of contemporary philosophical thinking known as speculative realism, it examines Negarestani’s use of Islamic referents in Cyclonopedia, a multi-layered frame story belonging to the genre of theory fiction, and in more technical-philosophical treatises. Focusing on his deployment of dissenting interpretations of the notions of taqiyya (concealment, dissimulation) and qiyama (resurrection), the resulting spatiotemporal implications are assessed by putting Negarestani in conversation with classical and contemporary Islamic and non-Muslim thinkers, theologians, and philosophers.

Representation of disability in media: A study of abled differently program

This study sought to examine the representations of disability in the media focussing on the Kenyanational broadcaster, the Kenya Broadcasting Corporation Television (KBC TV). Specifically, thestudy investigates how KBC TV’s premier program ‘Abled Differently’ is representing People withDisabilities (PWD). The study utilized mixed methods research design with the study population being‘Abled Differently’ program, as well as stakeholders in the disability movement. Non-probabilitypurposive sampling was used to select 26 episodes of ‘Abled Differently’, and a purposive sample of 10key informants drawn from the production team of the program and stakeholders in the disabilitymovement in Kenya. Quantitative data was collected using a content analysis tool and analysed usingdescriptive statistics. Qualitative data was obtained using interview guides and analysed thematically.Findings indicate that ‘Abled Differently’ program utilizes code-switching, sign language and subtitleswhich enables comprehension of program content, as well as guaranteeing a wider reach of theprogram. However, there is need for an increased critical angle towards framing stories on PWDs,with a potential of challenging myths about PWDs. The study concludes that the ‘Abled Differently’program was KBC-TV’s own production, following an original concept, which affords it flexibility indetermining the content to feature regarding PWDs. The program provides a big shift from thestereotypical portrayal of PWDs in the media and this can potentially promote more inclusive andtolerant societies. The study recommends that more stakeholders in the production of the program beengaged to give the program a diverse outlook on PWDs issues as well as more varied and criticalcontent.

Investigation of one dimensional multi-layer periodic unit cell for structural base isolation

Conventional base isolators like lead rubber bearing, high damping rubber bearing and friction pendulum bearing are not suitable for structures containing crucial pipelines and other sensitive structural components, since these structures with conventional isolators are usually subjected to large relative displacements between the superstructure and the base. Concepts from solid state physics have led to the evolution of a new technique of base isolation for civil engineering structures through the use of a foundation system consisting of periodic materials, namely periodic foundation. Periodic structures have the ability to block the passage of elastic waves within a certain frequency range through them. This frequency range is called the band gap or the attenuation zone of the periodic structure. Periodic foundations can be one dimensional (1D) or two dimensional (2D) or three dimensional (3D) periodic foundations depending of the arrangement of the periodic materials in the foundation. The band gap characteristics of 1D periodic foundations can be computed through the Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method by expressing material properties in the form of Fourier series expansion in the reciprocal lattice space and obtaining the band gap through an eigenvalue problem using Bloch’s theorem. In the present study the PWE method has been formulated to analyse a generic multi-layer periodic unit cell. The generalized formulation has then been applied to the case of a 1D periodic foundation with three material layers. The results obtained from the analysis have shown wider attenuation zones with lower starting frequencies in the 1D three-layer periodic foundation as compared to a 1D two-layer periodic foundation. The effect of material and geometric parameters on the first attenuation zone of 1D three-layer foundation has also been investigated in the present study. Additionally, experimental studies on a single storey frame and numerical studies on a ten storey frame conducted with chosen configurations of periodic foundations showed that both 1D two-layer and 1D three-layer periodic foundations are effective in attenuating the vibration responses of structural systems.

Seismic performance and fragility analysis of infilled steel frame structures using a new multi-strut model

Whether UnReinforced Masonry (URM) infills should be employed as structural members in frame structures is a debatable subject in performance-based earthquake engineering. This paper presents a detailed assessment of the seismic response of infilled moment-resisting steel frames. A recently proposed multi-strut model is applied here to consider both the local and global effects of URM infills. The capability of the employed model in predicting the local and global effects of URM panels has previously been verified by the authors of this study. Two structures, a four-story building and a two-story building, were designed using seismic design codes, and one of the outer frames of each structure was selected for the numerical models. Based on the conventional layouts of URM panels in buildings, three different configurations are considered: the bare frame (model in which the URM panels are isolated from the surrounding frame), the infilled frame, and the soft-first story frame. Fifteen ground motion records have been used to perform nonlinear Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDA), which were then employed to derive the fragility curves of the studied structures for the Immediate Occupancy (IO), Life Safety (LS), and Collapse Prevention (CP) limit states. The results show that in lower limit states, the masonry infill leads to some beneficial effects. However, at more severe limit states, these beneficial effects diminish and at some point, revert to adverse effects. This is evident in the CP limit state, wherein the masonry infill weakens the seismic performance of the structure.

Framing of FeeMustFall students' protest by Daily Dispatch Newspaper and the effect on readers’ perceptions

This article sought to examine the framing of FeeMustFall protest by Daily Dispatch Newspaper (DDN) and its effect on readers' perceptions. This study adopted a mixed method of research, wherein a quantitative content analysis was used to explicate the frames of FeeMustFall stories reported by DDN while a focus group discussion, a qualitative method, was used to assess the effect of framing of FeeMustFall students' protest stories on readers’ perceptions. Quantitative data were collected and analyzed through content analysis of the DDN while qualitative data collected through focus group discussions were analyzed thematically. Content analysis of 31 FeeMustFall stories reported by DDN showed that 45.16 per cent (14) of the stories were categorized as conflict frame (CF), 29 per cent (9) as attribution of responsibility frame (ARF), 16 per cent (5) as human interest frame (HIF) while 6.45 per cent (2) and 3.23 per cent (1) were categorized as economic consequence frame (ECF) and morality frame (MF), respectively. Thematic analysis of the focus group discussions revealed that the type of news frame used for the presentation of FeeMustFall protest stories influenced the thoughts and perceptions of readers on the issue as the news frames generated similar audience frames.

Rigid-Plastic Analysis of Seismic Resistant T-Frame considering Moment-Shear Interaction

To select a seismic resistant system, in addition to strength and stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation are important to be considered. Structures have nonlinear behavior under the influence of moderate and strong earthquakes. One of the primary aims in designing seismic resistant structures is to prevent the formation of undesirable collapse mechanisms such as the collapse in only a few storeys of the structure that leads to low energy dissipation. In order to achieve a global collapse mechanism, modern seismic codes provide simple rules for design, which is called the hierarchy criteria. Although these simple criteria could prevent the formation of a soft storey mechanism, they could not lead to an optimal global collapse mechanism. In these mechanisms, the energy dissipation zones include all the yielding zones such as beams, while all other parts of the structure have remained in the elastic range. TRF (T-resisting frame) is an innovative lateral resistant system introduced for architectural reasons and to provide more energy dissipating capability. This system has several collapse mechanisms due to the moment, shear, or moment-shear behavior of its members. In this paper, within the framework of the theory of plastic mechanism control, the rigid-plastic analysis of the TRF system to achieve the desired collapse mechanism is used by considering the moment-shear interaction. According to these analyses, which are performed on a single storey frame, simple hierarchy criteria are developed to create the desired collapse mechanism. Also, these criteria prevent undesired collapse mechanisms in order to have more energy dissipation and more ductility. Finally, the validity of the proposed criteria has been verified by the pushover analysis.

The impact of the narrative mindset on effectivity in social problem solving.

The narrative mindset is a tendency to interpret social information in the frame of stories. Two experiments were conducted to determine if and why the narrative mindset increases social problem-solving effectivity. The experiments consisted of two parts: the experimental manipulation (inducing the narrative mindset or control condition) and the observation of effects. In the second part, presented as a separate study, a participant was asked to advise other people facing interpersonal problems (experiment 1) or emotional problems (experiment 2). Three pairs of coders judged each piece of advice independently on three scales: Effectivity of the advice, empathy, and personalization (using their own experiences in providing the advice). The results indicate that the narrative mindset increases empathy, supported by the co-occurring increase in the problem’s personalization, which leads to higher effectivity. The results reveal the positive real-life implications of structuring social information within a story frame. It may encourage the introduction of the narrative mindset effects into an area of social cognition research. Finally, the experiments show that the narrative mindset may be activated experimentally, providing an effective instrument to test the impact of narrative knowledge on social cognition.

1001 Nights with Animus

This paper provides a Jungian interpretation of the frame story of 1001 Nights. Using a psychodynamic approach, the key characters in the frame story are considered as different pieces of the female psyche during the journey of individuation. This reveals the story's hidden content about inner enemies of the female psyche, such as a tyrannical animus that feeds from an oppressive environment. With a happy ending that represents the union of the ego and the animus, 1001 Nights highlights a path to women's empowerment and social harmony that involves facing inner and outer demons. The essay also argues that with its emphasis on freedoms as a source of individual and social peace, 1001 Nights captures the Zeitgeist of the period from which it emerged, namely 9th-century Abbasid rule, particularly under the reign of Caliph al-Mamun.

Seismic response of 1/2 scaled two storey reinforced concrete moment resisting frame system using nonlinear static analysis

Reinforced concrete (RC) frame systems represent one of the structural solutions used in seismic zones by engineers. For this reason, the importance of knowing the real seismic response for these types of structures is essential and presents the research problem studied in this article. Thus, the seismic response for two storey axial RC frame (one bay-one span) system was studied using nonlinear static analysis in ATENA software. The structural degradation of the two storey RC frame system was investigated for several steel reinforcement possibilities and three distinct RC beams cross sections. Particular attention was paid to RC beam-column joints degradation areas and to seismic energy dissipation mechanism in the marginal regions of the RC columns. Thus, it was observed a nonlinear inelastic response in the potential degradation zones with contrary effects with respect to the specified conclusions in the current seismic design norms. Also, it was studied the RC slab bending stiffness influence to horizontal structural elements (RC beams) and to vertical structural elements (RC columns) alongside the cracking mode for horizontal static actions and RC slab local degradation beside RC beam-column joint area. In these conditions, conclusions regarding the seismic response of the moment resisting (MR) RC frame system with low height regime designed according to the current seismic code were specified and an unsatisfactory seismic response was proved.

Success Stories

Aphasia is a language impairment caused by acquired brain injury such as stroke. Public awareness about aphasia is low in Sweden as well as internationally. The media is an important source of information on aphasia, but research on how people with aphasia are portrayed in the media is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the knowledge about media representations of people living with aphasia, by studying Swedish journalistic newspaper articles. It focused on stories in which people with aphasia were included in the discussion rather than merely being the subject of the discussion. Drawing on framing theory and Frank’s typology of narrative types, a qualitative ethnographic content analysis was conducted. Swedish print media material published between 2007 and 2018 was collected and 84 articles were identified for inclusion in the analysis. The overall finding was that, within Swedish journalistic newspaper articles, living with aphasia is framed as a success story. Themes and sub-themes were identified within each narrative type, and we suggest expanding Frank’s typology with humour narratives and necessity narratives. Although several narrative types were identified in the studied articles, the overarching success story frame was predominant.

Numerical predictions of observed failure modes on non-ductile reinforced concrete frames

This manuscript reports on numerical predictions of documented failure modes on two dynamic experimental datasets involving nonductile reinforced concrete (RC) frames. The numerical models are created using available methodologies in the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSEES). Failure mode limits are applied to the components' responses to identify flexural, shear on beam-column joints, pullout, and bond-slip failure modes observed in the experimental studies. The experimental datasets available are used in the assessment of the numerical predictions. The assessment of predictions indicated that the numerical models reproduce well the failure modes, global and local responses of the RC frames on the experimental datasets. The results demonstrate that (i) failure mechanisms involving pullout and bond-slip could dominate the collapse mechanisms on nonductile frames, and (ii) the underestimation of bond deformations on numerical analysis could overestimate section stiffness. The validated modeling methods are used to study the effects of the ground motion characteristics on the predicted failure modes. The results of numerical analysis of a 3-story frame under two sets of near-field and far-field ground motions highlighted the need to include modeling tools that capture bond-slip, pullout, and shear on joints. The formation of bond-slip under near-field motions is highly correlated to the motion's peak ground velocity levels, this correlation is less evident for far-field motions. Peak drift trends resemble the peak ground velocity trends for the near-field and far-field sets.

NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF TWO STOREY RC BUILDING MODEL

Peninsular Malaysia lies in a low seismic zone, but its building structures had come across the concrete deterioration due to the seismic ground motion originated from far or near field. Notably, most of the building structures in this country are designed based on wind load only. Moreover, current practice to analyze or design a building such as FEMA 368 and EC8 underestimated the effect of repeated excitations. These guidelines only considered single vibrations to evaluate the framed structure. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the performance of private educational institute reinforced concrete building with generic 3D two storey frame structure under multiple seismic motions. Structural model was examined under series of earthquake motions which include pre-shock, main shock and aftershock scenario. Total of 7 seismic ground motions were selected to quantify the structural frame model by nonlinear dynamic time history analyses. Pseudo-dynamic ground motions were recorded on shaking table ranging from 0.18 g to 0.82 g were applied onto the building model for assessment. The outcome of this study has identified that the low-rise building model survived at higher PGA values. Moderate damages (0.25 ≤ DI < 0.40) were recorded after passing through multiple ground motions. Moreover, low seismic vibrations with large ground movement had caused ground floor storey act as soft storey. The study concluded that low rise building model had higher tendency to absorb lower to higher ‘g’ values and resist the earthquake loading due to the strength of framed structure.

Seismic Damage Assessment of Deficient Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures

Abstract In order to assess the seismic damage response of reinforced concrete deficient, weak beam-column connection frame structures, this study presents experimental shake table testing on representative 1/3rd reduced size and double story frame models. Two test models were considered for experimental testing, including a reference code design specimen and another frame with a similar characteristic, but was not provided with any shear reinforcement in the critical joint connection region and, was constructed with concrete having a compressive strength of 33 % less than the code specified value. The input scaled excitations were applied from 5 % to 130 % of the maximum input peak ground acceleration record, to deformed the test models from elastic to inelastic stage and then to fully plastic incipient collapse stage. The weak beam-column frame sustained plastic hinging at column bases and beam ends, with longitudinal reinforcement bar-slip and severe damageability of the joint panels upon subjected to multiple dynamic excitations. The deficient frame model was only able to resist 40 % of the maximum acceleration record as compared to the code design frame which was able to resist about 130 %.

Scheherazade in Istanbul: A study of the popular Turkish TV series Binbir Gece

One Thousand and One Nights is a composite, transnational work, consisting of popular stories originally transmitted orally within its embedded cultures and developed over several centuries. Ever since its translation into European languages in the nineteenth century, or perhaps even before, it has been adapted and appropriated into different forms and mediums and thus has reached different corners of the world. This project was inspired by the level of popularity of One Thousand and One Nights, often known as The Arabian Nights, in the world today. Although only a relatively small number of people might have read all the tales, we can safely assume that most people do have an idea of what the Nights are, whilst some could even name one or two films, series or cartoons that they think are based on the Nights. Indeed, only a very limited number of stories included in editions of the Nights have been adapted into films or TV series. There are two main characteristics of the Nights that help identify adaptations and adoptions in popular culture: embedded storytelling using a frame tale, and the ‘feminist’, emancipating heroine Scheherazade. The popular Turkish TV series Binbir Gece (One Thousand and One Nights) (2006–09), which this article focuses on, not only makes use of these two popular features; it also offers a fresh and contemporary adaptation of the frame story of Shah Shahriyar and Scheherazade and elements from many other tales from the Nights, such as the emphasis on the importance of education for women, or the evil of cunning women. After analysing the degree of adaptation of the frame story in this series, this article sheds light on its global reach, reception and popularity.

A multi‐objective framework for finite element model updating using incomplete modal measurements

Finite element (FE) model updating in multi-objective framework helps for better understanding of overall performance in updating (under various variations of weightages assigned to basic components of the objective function) along with providing scope for better judgmental selection. A FE model updating in multi-objective framework is proposed with no requirement of repeated eigen-solution along with avoiding repeated possibilities of incurring mode-pairing error (by adopting an existing framework of system mode shape). Two multi-objective optimization techniques are adopted: (a) weighted sum and (b) adaptive weighted sum methods. Moreover, a possible single best solution out of the Pareto front is identified based on minimum modal distance value and compared with Gibbs sampling technique (without mode-matching). Two examples with multiple damage cases utilized in validating the proposed approach are as follows: (a) simulated example (ASCE benchmark structure) and (b) experimental example (four storied shear frame laboratory structure). It is observed that the proposed multi-objective framework has performed well in FE model updating in case of both simulated and experimental cases. Additionally, a connection (directly relating the multi-objective weights and error variances) is established between the proposed updating methodology and an existing Bayesian updating methodology to facilitate the probabilistic damage detection in Bayesian framework. Moreover, selection of an appropriate solution (out of the Pareto front) having suitable values of multi-objective weights facilitates to estimate the suitable values of error variances (based on the proposed connection), consequently enabling an efficient Bayesian FE model updating without requirement of any assumption of error variances.

Vicarious Narratives: A Literary History of Sympathy, 1750–1850

A Literary History of Sympathy, 1750–1850 would be a very good thing to have, but this book is not quite that. Rather, it starts with a testing point in Adam Smith's Theory of Moral Sentiments and then discusses various writers who might be seen to respond to it—principally Laurence Sterne, Henry Mackenzie, Saint-Pierre, Chateaubriand, Mary Shelley, Emily Brontë, and the French translator of Smith. The point is the celebrated passage in Moral Sentiments where Smith discusses how we can never really participate in someone else's experience. We are always required to imagine it “in some measure,” he says, even if the experience in question is extreme and proximate, “though our brother is upon the rack.” Britton understands “in some measure” as articulating a limit to sympathy, making sympathy depend “figurative or literally, on the bonds of kinship,” a view apparently confirmed by Smith's remark, later in the book, that people find it difficult to respond spontaneously to the reported troubles of faraway peoples. How much did Smith intend his example to invoke the idea of a “familial bond”? To speak of “our brother” could be as much generic as familial (he is happy to strike the more personal note of “my friends” elsewhere in the book), and I have always thought Smith's sense of fraternity was the product of the effort of sympathy rather than its precondition. Anyhow, it is clear that he is moved by the difficulty of sympathizing with absent strangers, and Britton resourcefully explores the ways in which her novelists imagine characters rising to the same sort of challenge by telling stories from a different point of view. The books she discusses are full of frame stories, embedded tales, quoted letters, and reports, all of which work, as she says, to shift around narrative perspectives and raise at least the possibility of identifying with someone else. Whether “identifying” with someone else is indeed the basis of the moral life is no doubt another matter: “A man only is interested in anything when he identifies himself with it,” Whitman once said—a claim not without its problems.