Storey Building Research Articles

Seismic Vulnerability Studies of a G+17 storey building in Abu Dhabi - UAE using Fragility Curves

The growth of tall buildings in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has paved the way for a surge in interest in the country's seismic vulnerability investigation. The case study building comprises of shear walls and RC columns as its lateral force-resisting system. It is a newly constructed G+17 storey building and is about 78 meters high. The non-linear dynamic seismic analysis which is the time history modal analysis, also known as Fast Non-linear analysis was performed on the study building with about 45 earthquakes in 3 sets of hazard levels (2%, 5%, and 10% Probability of Exceedance [PE]) to generate the inter-story drift values. Based on the Performance-based approach given by FEMA 356, the Fragility curves are developed by creating the Probabilistic Seismic Design Modal. The resultant fragility curves are given in terms of 3 probabilities i.e., (1) Immediate Occupancy, (2) Life Safety, and (3) Collapse Prevention. The whole study depends on the idea that comparative sort of structures will have a similar likelihood of a given harm state for a given seismic force

Optimization of structural elements in highly seismic areas using neural networks

The aim of this research is to use Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to dimension structural elements in regular 6-storey buildings. The necessary data for the training of the algorithm was elaborated manually with the help of the ETABS software, these were 30 buildings of reinforced concrete with a system of structural walls. The configuration and training of the neural network was carried out in the MATLAB software. The validation was carried out in an additional analyzed building in which the concrete savings were calculated, and the requirements of the current regulations were verified. Finally, the dimensioning obtained with the neural network generated a reduction of more than 10% in the total volume of concrete used in a 6-level building and establishes that the algorithm used provides effective results for an optimal design.

The influence of building envelope design in energy efficiency: OTTV calculation of multi storey building

This study provides calculation of OTTV (Overall Thermal Transfer Value) to multi storey building in Semarang. Case study for this study is Suara Merdeka Tower with the height of 15 floors and dominated by glass on its façade. In addition to OTTV calculation, recommendation provides as well in this study in an effort to reach ideal OTTV value for its façade. To minimize external thermal loads, SNI 03-6389-2011 determines the design criteria for building envelope with the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) value must be less than or equal to 35 Watt/m2. The method used in this study is by direct measurement in the field using a measuring tool to get the effective temperature and relative humidity of the indoor space. As well as the use of Autodesk Ecotect Software 2011 as a tool that helps obtain Effective Shading Coefficient value with three-dimensional simulation by incorporating climatological data from weatherbase site.The result of this research is obtained OTTV value at each facade that is OTTV value on 9th floor southwest facade equal to 47,07 W/m2, on 10th floor southwest facade of 60,60 W/m2, at northwest facade 13,61 W/m2, on the northeast facade of 24.49 W/m2, on the southeast facade of 32.6vW/m2, on the eastern fasade of 32.32 W/m2, on the western fasade of 47.12 W/m2, and on the northern fasade of 32.32 W/m2.

WATER TANK AS A TUNED MASS DAMPER

Water tanks are integral part of all buildings and they impart large dead load on the structure. This additional mass can be utilized as TMD to absorb extra energy imparted on the structure during earthquake. The present work is limited to linear analysis of 10 & 15 storey buildings subjected to real earthquake data. Water tank position is changed by keeping it at center and at extreme corners of the building. Also effect of water tank as TMD with variation of sizes is checked.

Thermal management of metal roof building using phase change material (PCM)

The energy consumption of the buildings for cooling, especially during the days of high solar exposure is large due to the increased indoor temperature. The roof of the building contributes more for this cause by allowing a large quantity of heat during day hours. Further, the single storey buildings with the metal roof would help to penetrate a greater quantity of heat and increase the total heat gain of the building. In this way, they could increase the cooling load to attain the human comfort. In this current work, an experimental investigation was carried-out to reduce the indoor temperature of the metal roof single storey industrial building with the help of paraffin based phase changing material (PCM). In this fashion, an attempt was made to reduce the total cooling load of the building which can diminish a greater quantity of conventional power requirement. A scale model of the proposed building was fabricated and tested for the analysis. The experiments conducted in two modes such as the first case without any PCM in the roof (Plain Roof) and next case with encapsulated paraffin as PCM within the roof (PCM Roof). The test results proved that the encapsulation of PCM within the metal roof of the single storey building reduced the temperature of the outer roof, inner roof and consequently the indoor temperature of the building space to a vast extent. Quantitatively, the daily average indoor temperature was dropped by 5 °C and peak indoor temperature was reduced by 9.5 °C with the help of PCM.

Optimasi Pemotongan Besi Tulangan Pada Pekerjaan Struktur Menggunakan Metode Linear Programming

In construction projects, reinforcing iron is a very important material in the implementation of construction work. The remaining iron material cannot be avoided in the field, so the figure for the remaining unused material affects the costs incurred by the contractor. Given that iron material is one of the materials with a high price on the market. One solution to reduce the amount of remaining iron material is to optimize iron cutting to get the number of pieces as needed with minimal cutting. The method used is Linear Programming with the help of the Solver Add-In program in Microsoft Excel. The research was conducted on a 3-storey building construction project, namely Puskesmas Kampung Dalam, Kab. Padang Pariaman. Works that reflect iron work on the upper and lower structures. The analysis results were obtained from 7.31% and cost Rp. 27.067.887,-. for the ironworks reviewed. So that the use of the Linear Programming method in the case study of this research is able to optimize the remaining iron material quite well and produce minimum remaining reinforcing iron.

Dynamic Behaviour of Raft Foundation for Tall building with Variable Subsoil

Structures are often constructed on layers of soil unless bedrock is very close to the ground surface. When the ground is stiff enough, the dynamic response of the structure will not be influenced significantly by the soil properties during the earthquake, and the structure can be analysed under the fixed base condition. When the structure is resting on a flexible medium, the dynamic response of the complete structure will be different from the fixed base condition, where the interaction between the soil and the structure has to be incorporate. This behavioural difference because of the phenomenon commonly referred to as Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI), which if not considered in analysis and design properly; the accuracy in assessing the structural safety, response for earthquake excitation could not be reliable solution. Hence evaluation of the site, specific effect of soil stiffness on structure becomes important to understand behaviour of structure. Flexibility of soil increases natural period of structure, which basically turn changes the seismic response of structure. The interaction among structure, their foundation and soil media below foundation alter the actual behaviour of structure. Here G+25 storey building is modelled and analysed, employing Finite Element Method adopting Commercial code SAP2000 V19 under fixed base (no soil-structure interaction) and flexible base considering soil-structure interaction. An attempt has been made to evaluate the effect of soil structure interaction of super structure by considering the systematic parameters like time period, lateral displacement, storey drift, bending moment in dual global structural axis i.e., X-X and Y-Y direction.

Learning model discrepancy: A Gaussian process and sampling-based approach

Predicting events in the real world with a computer model (simulator) is challenging. Every simulator, to varying extents, has model discrepancy, a mismatch between real world observations and the simulator (given the ‘true’ parameters are known). Model discrepancy occurs for various reasons, including simplified or missing physics in the simulator, numerical approximations that are required to compute the simulator outputs, and the fact that assumptions in the simulator are not generally applicable to all real world contexts. The existence of model discrepancy is problematic for the engineer as performing calibration of the simulator will lead to biased parameter estimates, and the resulting simulator is unlikely to accurately predict (or even be valid for) various contexts of interest. This paper proposes an approach for inferring model discrepancy that overcomes non-identifiability problems associated with jointly inferring the simulator parameters along with the model discrepancy. Instead, the proposed procedure seeks to identify model discrepancy given some parameter distribution, which could come from a ‘likelihood-free’ approach that considers the presence of model discrepancy during calibration, such as Bayesian history matching. In this case, model discrepancy is inferred whilst marginalising out the uncertain simulator outputs via a sampling-based approach, therefore better reflecting the ‘true’ uncertainty associated with the model discrepancy. Verification of the approach is performed before a demonstration on an experiential case study, comprising a representative five storey building structure.

Significance of k<sub>1</sub> Factor on Elevated Hoardings in the City Limits of Five Wind Zones of India

In recent years, hoarding design has been a source of major concern in city limits, since the damage can be risky to life and property. The handbook of wind loads (IS 875(Part3):1987&2015 codes) recommended the hoarding as a temporary structure with 5 years design life period risk factor. The recent developments in India expanded the tremendous outdoor picturesque advertisement hoardings in the city limits for the dissemination of the broadcasting information. The failure of hoarding can be high degree hazard resulting in the loss of human life, but the wind code cannot define the structure even as a low hazard class of structure. Hence this paper addressed the risk associated with 10, 15, 20 and 25 years of design periods in city limits of terrain category 2 of the five wind zones of India. The five wind zones comprise 33m/s,39m/s, 44m/s,47m/s and 50m/s have been considered because most of the populated cities have been geographically located in all the wind speed zones. To ascertain the influence of the above parameters, 15m × 6m steel elevated hoarding mounted on G+7 storey building is analysed in SAP 2000 version software. The associated risks are interpreted in terms of the variation of drag force, shear force and overturning moments. It can be highlighted when risk factor varied from 6% to 29%, the drag force, and overturning moments varied from 13% to 65%. Similar results were also obtained with cyclonic factor.

Deprem Yüklerinin Tamamının Betonarme Perde Duvarlarla Karşılandığı Binalarda Bağ Kirişi Modellerinin Yapı Performansına Etkisi

Reinforced concrete shear walls around the stairs and elevator shafts, which are at the core of the structures where earthquake loads are fully resisted R/C shear walls, are generally connected to each other with coupled beams. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of different reinforced concrete coupled beam types and analysis models whose earthquake loads are fully resisted by R/C shear walls on the performance of the building. In this study, nonlinear pushover analysis was performed for each R/C coupled beam model according to the ground acceleration of the Istanbul Ataturk Airport region according to the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (2018) of the 16-storey building model, which uses fully shear walls as vertical carrier. When the analysis results are examined, it has been seen that different reinforced concrete coupled beam types have serious effects on structural performance targets.

WITHDRAWN: Study on structural behaviour of column with different orientation: Structural and aesthetic view

Abstract In this analysis we are going to study the structural behavior of differently oriented columns in a G + 10 storey building which is used as a commercial complex for different purposes consists of 16 no’s of different sized shops, total plinth area is 20,000 sq.ft per floor and the structure is located in Chennai city, India. In particular, we are going to study the orientation of the columns. We are going to analyze the structure by using STAAD Pro in two ways. In the first case, we orient the columns concerning their architectural (aesthetical) appearance and in the second case, we orient the columns to the span of beams that are connected to the column. So by comparing the analytical results between these two cases, we can conclude that whether the orientation of columns plays a role in the safety and economical consideration. Nowadays the elevation and interiors of the buildings need to be more attractive. So the architects and some engineers are locating and orient the columns within the wall thickness to avoid the projection of columns in or out of the structure to improve its aesthetical appearance. This method leads to reduce the column strength and creating some additional moments from beams to the column. So we need to orient the columns for the spans of the beams which are connected to the columns to reduce the moments and increasing the column’s load-carrying capacity. By comparing the two types of column-oriented models, we can ensure the importance of column orientation in buildings.

WITHDRAWN: Study in the base shear variation for irregular and regular structures in all the seismic zones for all soil types

As there has been a lot of research on various fields of engineering such as design and materials for its improvement, the study conducted herein is on design grounds. The study is on the base shear and its variation on a structure. This design related study incorporates all the seismic zones and the three soil types in it. The seismic loadings for the zones and varying the soil conditions are applied on G + 3, G + 6, G + 9, G + 12 storey buildings, considering both regular as well as an irregular structure (plan wise). The analysis of the building performance is studied for the base shear in all afore mentioned scenarios and obtained results talk of importance in variance of these parameters in a structure’s response to lateral loading. The observed pattern in regular as well as irregular is similar and the variation in base shear is significant in taller structures with six storey levels or more.

A Comparative Analytical Study of Some External Finishing (Cladding) Material in Terms of Their Ability to Spread Fire in Multi-story Building Facades in Iraq

The traditional building in Iraq characterised by the using of a certain number of finishing's in external façades like cement plastering, limestone and perforated yellow brick because the raw materials of manufacturing are available locally. Fire spread through the facades is widely recognized as one of the fastest pathways of fire spreading in the buildings, so the appropriate choose of highly performance finishing material against fire will be potentially the main factor in controlling the fire and suppressed it. This study uses computer modeling and fire simulation technology of Pyrosim, FDS and smoke view to compare the difference between the performance of some traditional finishing materials like cement plastering, limestone and perforated yellow brick with the ACPs and their speed to transfer fire from floor to floor if used in multi storey buildings. The study highlighted that traditional finishing materials are more efficient than modern cladding materials and that the performance of ACP-PE is the worst among the materials examined by this study. Moreover, the cement plastering is the worst among the traditional local finishing materials.

Structural Performance of Straw Block Assemblies under Compression Load

Background:In recent decades, the enduring interest and continued development of straw bale as a walling material are based on its beneficial properties. Straw bale is a biomaterial that contributes greatly to carbon footprint reduction and offers excellent thermal insulation. It is proved that plastered straw bale assemblies have good mechanical properties and can be used for the construction of a single storey building. It is known that straw bale presents high displacement in the assemblies; thus, pre-compression is a major step that helps to push down straw bale so as to avoid future structural failure in the wall. There is no clue yet if this method is structurally beneficial than to stabilized single straw bales before assembling them into a structural panel.Objective:This paper presents the structural performance of straw block assemblies under compression loads.Method:Straw blocks and mortar were used to construct plastered and un-plastered wall panels, which were tested under uniformly distributed compression load till failure.Results:The results obtained show that plastered straw block assemblies can support at least 286 KN/m2, which is higher than the minimum slab load 18.25KN/m2, including imposed load for a residential house. In addition, the strength of plastered straw block assemblies plastered with cement-gum mortar, 0.3 N/ mm2is greater than the strength of a single storey building (0.19N/mm2). Furthermore, results indicate that un-plastered and plastered straw block assemblies perform better than un-plastered and plastered straw bale assemblies. Plastered straw block assemblies support up to 52KN while plastered straw bale assemblies support only 41.1KN.Conclusion:Under compression load, straw block assemblies have a load carrying capacity greater than the minimum slab load. Therefore, Straw block can be used for the construction of a single storey building.

Earthquake response control of ground soft storey

In the present study, friction damper, an energy dissipating passive device is explored to reduce the response of open ground storey building under lateral loading due to earthquake. This damper is installed in the selected bays of open ground storey so that the response is reduced. The masonry infill wall is macro-modeled in the form of compression only diagonal members. Three different types of bracing system were installed along with Pall friction damper – single diagonal tension – compression brace with friction damper, tension only cross brace with friction damper and chevron brace with friction damper were modeled using Wen’s plastic link element in SAP2000. G+4 storey buildings were analyzed using nonlinear time history analysis. The storey displacement and inter-storey drift for all the cases were compared in the study.

Camera-Driven Probabilistic Algorithm for Multi-Elevator Systems

A fast and reliable vertical transportation system is an important component of modern office buildings. Optimization of elevator control strategies can be easily done using the state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. This study presents a novel method for optimal dispatching of conventional passenger elevators using the information obtained by surveillance cameras. It is assumed that a real-time video is processed by an image processing system that determines the number of passengers and items waiting for an elevator car in hallways and riding the lifts. It is supposed that these numbers are also associated with a given uncertainly probability. The efficiency of our novel elevator control algorithm is achieved not only by the probabilistic utilization of the number of people and/or items waiting but also from the demand to exhaustively serve a crowded floor, directing to it as many elevators as there are available and filling them up to the maximum allowed weight. The proposed algorithm takes into account the uncertainty that can take place due to inaccuracy of the image processing system, introducing the concept of effective number of people and items using Bayesian networks. The aim is to reduce the waiting time. According to the simulation results, the implementation of the proposed algorithm resulted in reduction of the passenger journey time. The proposed approach was tested on a 10-storey office building with five elevator cars and traffic size and intensity varying from 10 to 300 and 0.01 to 3, respectively. The results showed that, for the interfloor traffic conditions, the average travel time for scenarios with varying traffic size and intensity improved by 39.94% and 19.53%, respectively.

Optimal placement of friction dampers in building considering nonlinearity of soil

It is well known fact that, supplemental damping is one of the best way to improve the performance of building during seismic event. Out of many supplemental damping devices, friction dampers are widely used as they are easier to install and independent of temperature like viscous dampers. Generally, these devices are designed assuming fixed base conditions. Even for achieving optimal number and location of friction dampers, fixed base conditions are assumed. But, when the soil–structure interaction is considered in analysis, degradation in the capacity of structure is observed. Hence, in this paper a methodology is proposed for optimal placement of friction dampers considering nonlinear soil-foundation system. The numerical study on G + 6 storey building is done to evaluate the efficiency of proposed methodology with the use of 4, 8 and 12 friction dampers. For optimization, performance objectives based on maximum base shear, top floor displacement and energy dissipation are used. From the study, it is seen that proposed approach yields targeted performance, even with less number of friction dampers when the nonlinearity of soil is considered.

Dynamics of a 16-storey building with a core of rigidity in a local earthquake

The behavior of a 16-storey residential building with a stiffness core during the earthquake of March 26, 2018 is analyzed. The building is located 100 meters from the tectonic fault. The absence of resonance phenomena of the building during a local earthquake was established. On the distribution of accelerations in the horizontal plane, the effect of “eight” was found. An increased value of acceleration in the vertical direction at the level of the technical floor was revealed. This could be due to the presence of a tectonic fault near the building. The energy characteristics of the building and the impact are determined, the Arias integral and the cumulative absolute velocity are calculated. At the basement level, the period of the spectrum maximum is of the order of 0.1 sec. It is established that the building oscillates in the sum of the vibration modes

Analisis Biaya Pemeliharaan dan Perawatan Kantor Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Pekanbaru

The existence of buildings has an important role in human life according to the purpose of the building. After completion of a building is expected to be able to carry out its functions according to the age of the plan. The purpose of this study is to estimate the cost of maintenance and care at the Pekanbaru Customs and Excise Service Office based on PERMEN NO.24 / PRT / M / 2008. It is expected that with this system, maintenance and maintenance activities will be in accordance with applicable standards and retain the use and value of the building. Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number: 24 / PRT / M / 2008 concerning guidelines for building maintenance and maintenance, building maintenance This research was conducted using the Approximate Estimate method using the highest average unit price per m² of storey buildings for buildings accurate building as a guideline.he results of the calculation of this study found the estimated cost estimate of rough estimate (approximate estimate) of Rp. 16.156.679,93, - when compared with the calculation of the building price of Rp. 11.483.051,200 - the percentage of costs for maintenance of buildings in Pekanbaru Customs Service Office is only 0,1407% of the total price of the building, so that it can be categorized in the level of minor damage (<35%). Whereas the annual maintenance fee is Rp. 319.792.000,00, - in 2020 which is expected to increase every year based on the value of inflation based on Bank Indonesia.
 
 Keywords: Estimation, Maintenance, Maintenance, Offices spase

Effect of Column Dimensions on Seismic Behavior of Multi Storey Buildings

This study aims at considering the effect of columns size on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete structures, in this article, three RC frames with different columns sizes have been analyzed. The five-storey building is analyzed for seismic force by Choosing three different type column cross-sections of the structural mechanism. i.e. (60x45) cm, (550x45) cm and (50x40). To assess the behavior of multi-storey building under seismic action Nonlinear static analyses for lateral loads were performed by using standard package SAP2000 software. The comparison of these frames for various earthquake response parameters like stiffness and base shear with roof displacement was executed. It is observed that the seismic efficiency in frame 1 of column dimensions(60x45) cm was significantly large with small displacements and The results are well-illustrated in this article.