Signage Research Articles

Retrospective Analysis of the Anti Spitting Laws in Various Geographical Locations and Implementing Sectors in India

Objective: Public spitting attributable to Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) use not only causes a threat to public cleanliness but also to the people exposed around them. An electronic search on various anti-spitting laws and ban in India was done using Google search engine for duration of three months (November 2018 to January 2019). Material and Methods: The original state gazettes were reviewed to extract the data on spit ban and penalty. Renewals of Acts were also thoroughly checked for recent updates of penalty or severity of the act. The law implementing bodies were broadly classified as National, State, Municipal, Village councils (Gram Panchayat), Airports, Metro Railway, and Company Law Tribunal. Results: A total of 42 Anti-spitting laws were identified in this search and 16 states had anti spitting law under different sectors. Discussion: Under these laws, sign boards and warnings are placed commonly at Airports, Railway stations, and metro stations. States with high rates of SLT users like Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram did not have any policy on spitting. Conclusion: Strong enforcement of anti-spitting laws in India will not only reduce spread of communicable diseases but also indirectly will reduce the act of using SLT also.

Flexible carbon-coated paper electrokinetic generator with Schottky-junction

Simulating transpiration effect to harvest electricity has attracted continued interest. However, it is limited to directional water/ions transport that shrinks the application scenario. Herein, we propose a new carbon-coated paper electrokinetic generator with Schottky-junction to induce the electricity. The electrical double layer (EDL) forms at carbon-water interface due to the wetting paper that induces an obvious electrical sign. The introduce of Schottky-junction inhibits the carrier recombination that enhances the charge separation. As a result, the output performance is significantly improved. Besides, it breakthroughs the limitation of directional water/ions transport to realize multi-mode energy harvesting due to joint working mechanisms of EDL and Schottky-junction. Consequently, the electrical sign is still remained in the case of full wetting rather than disappearance, showing great potential in practical applications. As a demonstration, it can judge the condition of simulated pipe through the feedback of electrical signal, charges the capacitors to energy storage and powers digital calculator, et al. The cheap and flexible paper-based generators offer a new path to clean energy harvesting and sensor applications.

Investigating the Satisfaction of Residents in the Historic Center of Macau and the Characteristics of the Townscape: A Decision Tree Approach to Machine Learning

The historic city of Macau is China’s 31st world heritage site, and its residents have actively contributed to preserving its heritage and will continue to reside there for the foreseeable future. Residents’ satisfaction with the current urban environment is closely related to the landscape characteristics of the towns surrounding the historic center of Macau. This study aims to analyze the relationship between landscape characteristics and residents’ satisfaction, determine the key factors affecting their satisfaction and how they are combined, and provide a scientific basis for urban planning. This study used a decision tree machine learning model to analyze 524 questionnaire survey responses that addressed five aspects of the historic town’s landscape: the architectural, Largo Square, street, mountain and sea, and commercial landscapes. The data-driven approach helped find the best decision path. The results indicate that (1) the layout of Largo Square, the commercial colors and materials, the location of the former humanities and religion center, and the commercial signage system are the primary factors influencing residents’ satisfaction. (2) Incorporating decision tree parameters with information entropy as the splitting criterion and a minimum sample split number of two (with no maximum depth) led to the best performance when investigating residents’ satisfaction with Macau’s historic town landscape characteristics. (3) A reasonable layout for Largo Square (satisfaction > 3.50), prominent and harmonious commercial colors and materials (satisfaction > 3.50), rich cultural and religious elements (satisfaction > 4.50), and an excellent commercial signage system (satisfaction > 4.00) can significantly improve residents’ satisfaction. This provides important empirical support and a reference for urban planning and landscape design in Macau and other historical and cultural cities.

Эргонимический миф Гермеса: к исследованиям религиозной жизни юридических лиц

The article is devoted to the latest forms of manifestation of religiosity in the city space. The study focuses on studying the micro-levels of religious life in urban ergonymy. By examining store signs, navigation maps, and goods on the shelves of chain stores using the names of the gods of Ancient Greece, the article sets the task of reconstructing a non-verbalized mythological narrative composed by ergonyms and product names. The religious life of urban space is understood as the practices of piety characteristic of ancient Greek religiosity: invocation and dedication. The specific mechanisms of cultural reproduction in Ancient Greece and Europe of the 21st century are reconstructed. Based on the distinction made, the myth-socializing function of modern education in the process of broadcasting the mythological narrative and reinterpreting the Olympic myth is described. The article refers to data on the religious life of legal entities. Based on an analysis of the frequency of mentioning the names of the Olympic gods in the unified register of legal entities, and a comparison of the names of the gods with the declared forms of economic activity, the Olympic myth of the 21st century — the “Ergonymic Myth of Hermes” — is reconstructed. The article assumes scaling up the research to the study of “chorographies” — materially embodied spaces of the sacred on the streets of modern cities. The study of chorographies is proposed as a new methodology for studying culture and human coexistence.

Linguistic landscape as a tool of identity negotiation: The case of the Nepali ethnic communities in West Bengal

Ethnic identity is dynamic and hence mutable concerning time and place. It is a social construction that involves society and its actors. Ethnic identity as a social construction is not free from the negotiation process. Such negotiations occur through various tools, the linguistic landscape being one of them. Despite the plethora of literature on identity negotiation in a multicultural and multilingual context, the linguistic landscape has not been sufficiently explored, especially considering it a tool in the ethnic identity negotiation process. Thus, how an ethnic community negotiates identity through linguistic landscape has been the major quest of the research. Therefore, the research tries to empirically examine the process of identity negotiation among the Nepali ethnic communities of Siliguri in the Darjeeling district of the state of West Bengal, India. 60 shop signs of the Nepali ethnic communities were photographed, applying the photographic data collection method. Unstructured interviews with each Nepali shop owner (ethnic sign producer) were also conducted. Photographic data were analyzed semiotically, and thematic and narrative analysis methods were adopted to interpret the interview data. In general, a mixed-method approach was used to analyze the data. The findings suggest that ethnic members symbolically ethnicize their shop signs to negotiate identity. The study shows how LL can be a tool of ethnic identity politics in India. The study signifies how ethnic communities assert identity through LL signage and how LL acts as an effective tool for identity negotiation in contemporary multicultural and multilingual Indian society. Also, this study contends that ethnicity is a relevant aspect of contemporary society and a political resource to ethnic communities.

Custom Anchorless Object Detection Model for 3D Synthetic Traffic Sign Board Dataset with Depth Estimation and Text Character Extraction

This paper introduces an anchorless deep learning model designed for efficient analysis and processing of large-scale 3D synthetic traffic sign board datasets. With an ever-increasing emphasis on autonomous driving systems and their reliance on precise environmental perception, the ability to accurately interpret traffic sign information is crucial. Our model seamlessly integrates object detection, depth estimation, deformable parts, and text character extraction functionalities, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of road signs in simulated environments that mimic the real world. The dataset used has a large number of artificially generated traffic signs for 183 different classes. The signs include place names in Japanese and English, expressway names in Japanese and English, distances and motorway numbers, and direction arrow marks with different lighting, occlusion, viewing angles, camera distortion, day and night cycles, and bad weather like rain, snow, and fog. This was done so that the model could be tested thoroughly in a wide range of difficult conditions. We developed a convolutional neural network with a modified lightweight hourglass backbone using depthwise spatial and pointwise convolutions, along with spatial and channel attention modules that produce resilient feature maps. We conducted experiments to benchmark our model against the baseline model, showing improved accuracy and efficiency in both depth estimation and text extraction tasks, crucial for real-time applications in autonomous navigation systems. With its model efficiency and partwise decoded predictions, along with Optical Character Recognition (OCR), our approach suggests its potential as a valuable tool for developers of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technologies, and transportation safety applications, ensuring reliable navigation solutions.

A linguistic landscape study of shop signs on Barkhor Street in Lhasa

ABSTRACT This study adopts a mixed-method approach to analyze the characteristics of the linguistic landscape in Barkhor Street, the attitudes of tourists, shop owners, and residents towards it, and the strengths and weaknesses of linguistic landscape design there. Findings showed that: 1) In terms of the presentation of linguistic landscape, the combination of ‘Tibetan + Chinese’ appears most frequently, with Tibetan being a priority code present in them. Moreover, different types of shops employ different marking methods for shop signs. 2) Overall, the audience expressed satisfaction with the linguistic landscape, with a preference for using the ‘Tibetan + Chinese + Pinyin’ combination. Most respondents suggested using Tibetan as a priority code and graphemic marking as a marking method. 3) The linguistic landscape design has the advantages of preserving and promoting Tibetan culture and boosting economic development. However, it also has the disadvantage of weak information function and a monolithic presentation of the linguistic landscape due to related language policies. 4) Furthermore, the study found that economic factors significantly influence the choice of language combinations and marking methods in the linguistic landscape. Language policies are a double-edged sword, and language, economy, and culture form an interconnected cycle.

Traffic Sign Board Recognition and Voice Alert System using CNN

Street to guarantee a secure and efficient flow of traffic. Street accidents sometimes occur on account of carelessness in reading traffic signs incorrectly. The suggested framework aids in recognizing the stop sign and giving a voice warning to the motorist for the speaker to make their point, and crucial decisions. The proposed framework is prepared Using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), which aids with the recognition and arranging of rush hour congestion sign pictures. To increase precision, a number are of classes generated and characterized on a particular dataset. Utilized was the German Traffic Sign Benchmarks Dataset, which includes 51,900 pictures of road signage in 43 classifications. Around 98.52 percent during execution was precise. After the framework recognizes the sign, the driver is informed through a voice alarm issued through the speaker. The suggested framework also includes a section where drivers are warned about nearby traffic signs so they can keep track of which laws to follow while on a highway. The system’s goal is to protect the driver, passengers, and pedestrians from harm.

Multilingual contestations and the reproduction of English legitimacy in bottom-up linguistic landscape: an analysis of shop signs in Bulawayo

Multilingual contestations and the reproduction of English legitimacy in bottom-up linguistic landscape: an analysis of shop signs in Bulawayo

Automatic Vehicle Speed Controlling System by Detecting Traffic sign boards, Potholes and Speed bumps

Automatic Vehicle Speed Controlling System by Detecting Traffic sign boards, Potholes and Speed bumps

Automatic Pedestrian Safety in Automobiles through Microcontroller and RF Technology

One of the government's top priorities for creating a safe driving environment is pedestrian safety. To guarantee safety in all respects, many safety measures have been put into place by the government and adopted by the populace. The main goal of this study is to indirectly lower the number of accidents by eliminating their core causes. Careless driving and excessive speeding are the main causes of accidents. This document ensures that a car is designed to travel at a specific pace in each area, keeping it within safe speed limit. This lessens the impact of accidents, including material and human loss. This is accomplished by using the proper microcontroller, RF transmitter, and receiver through a comparison process. The car equipped with a receiver, receives the data signal from the traffic sign board, compares it to the output, and adjusts the speed of the vehicle to a safe level. By doing this, the car is always forced to go at the designated speed, and driving behaviour is altered, reducing the likelihood of accidents. This offers a supplementary safety precaution that focuses on eliminating the primary sources of mishaps.

Traffic Sign Detection Under Foggy Environment Using Machine Learning

Road signs are important to ensure smooth traffic flow without bottle necks or mishaps. Road symbols are the pictorial representations having different necessary information required to be understood by driver. Road signs in front of the vehicle are ignored by the drivers and this can lead to catastrophic accidents. This paper presents an overview of the traffic sign board detection and recognition and implements a procedure to extract the road sign from a natural complex image, processes it and alerts the driver using voice command It is implemented in such a way that it acts as a boon to drivers to make easy decisions. Traffic sign recognition is a critical component of modern intelligent transportation systems, contributing to road safety and efficient traffic management. This paper presents a novel approach to traffic sign recognition based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Key Words: CNN, Pre-processing, Feature Extraction.

Urban planning and group and collective rights in Québec, Canada

ABSTRACT Group and collective rights are human rights, but such rights emerge when the members of a group are discriminated against in order to protect the group temporarily or in perpetuity, depending on how long the discrimination lasts. Studies investigating urban issues from the lens of a group right or collective right are almost non-existent. Using Kymlicka’s rights framework and relying on empirical work in the French-speaking Quebec province in Canada, the research concludes that Québec municipalities are fraught with tensions between individual and group rights and collective rights, resulting in issues related to places of worship, land development and commercial signage.

Autonomous Road way Alert System

The "Autonomous Roadway Alert System" design process, which is based on the Waterfall Model for the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), is discussed in this article. These sign board detection, traffic sign detection, obstacle detection, lane assistant and voice assistant features are the functions of the system tackled through phases of collection and analysis, design, implementation, integration, testing, deployment, and maintenance processes. Emphasis of use of Python-coded programs on Raspberry Pi hardware and YOLOv5 algorithm is given for the purpose of object identification.

IoT CONTROLLED LED NOTICE BOARD

The IoT Controlled LED sign board design represents a slice- edge bid aimed at revolutionizing display results for a multitude of purposes including advertising, information dispersion, and aesthetic improvement. At its core, the sign board features an intricate array of LEDs strictly arranged in a grid pattern, each strictly orchestrated by a central microcontroller unit( MCU) harmoniously integrated with a Bluetooth module for flawless wireless communication. This community enables druggies to apply their smartphones or any Bluetooth- enabled bias as important remote controls, decreeing the content showcased on the LED board with unknown ease and perfection. Through a devoted mobile operation, druggies gain a gateway to a realm of creative expression, empowered to transmit a myriad of content types ranging from brief textbook dispatches to witching, robustness and images for immediate display. specially, the system's hallmark lies in its capability to grease real- time content operation, preventing the need for physical intervention and fostering dynamic rigidity to evolving demands and scripts. likewise, the mobile operation's robust point set extends beyond bare content transmission, offering sophisticated tools for communication scheduling and contemporaneous operation of multiple sign boards, thereby accelerating scalability and usability across different surroundings similar as bustling retail spaces, bulging transportation capitals, and bustling public spaces likewise. With its intimately designed interface and multifaceted functionality, the IoT Controlled LED sign board design emerges as a lamp of invention, promising to review the veritably geography of information dispersion and visual communication in the digital age. KEYWORDS: IoT Controlled LED subscribe Board, Microcontroller Unit( MCU), Wireless Communication, Mobile Application, Management, Remote Control.

Recurrent (or episodic) fever of unknown origin (FUO) as a variant subgroup of classical FUO: A French multicentre retrospective study of 170 patients

BackgroundRecurrent FUO (fever of unknown origin) is a rare subtype of FUO for which diagnostic procedures are ill-defined and outcome data are lacking. MethodsWe performed a retrospective multicentre study of patients with recurrent FUO between 1995 and 2018. By multivariate analysis, we identified epidemiological, clinical and prognostic variables independently associated with final diagnosis and mortality. ResultsOf 170 patients, 74 (44%) had a final diagnosis. Being ≥ 65 years of age (OR = 5.2; p < 0.001), contributory history (OR = 10.4; p < 0.001), and abnormal clinical examination (OR = 4.0; p = 0.015) independently increased the likelihood of reaching a diagnosis, whereas lymph node and/or spleen enlargement decreased it (OR = 0.2; p = 0.004). The overall prognosis was good; 58% of patients recovered (70% of those with a diagnosis). Twelve (7%) patients died; patients without a diagnosis had a fatality rate of 2%. Being ≥ 65 years of age (OR = 41.3; p < 0.001) and presence of skin signs (OR = 9.5; p = 0.005) significantly increased the risk of death. ConclusionThis study extends the known yield of recurrent FUO and highlights the importance of repeated complete clinical examinations to discover potential diagnostic clues during follow-up. Moreover, their overall prognosis is excellent.

A Comparative Study of Cultural Categories in American English and Vietnamese Shop Signs

There is a lack of studies on shop sign language from the perspective of Cultural Linguistics. This study contributes to the approach by investigating cultural categories in American English and Vietnamese shop signs. The corpus for analysis includes 1,748 shop signs in the US and 1,585 shop signs in Vietnam. The cultural categories are analyzed and evaluated based on their prototypes and subcategories compared from three dimensions: (1) linguistic expressions and frequency of occurrence, (2) generative capacity (in combination with other categories), and (3) pragmatic meaning (other functions related to communicative reality). The results show certain variations of the cultural categories in the three dimensions between the two speech communities, making each prototype distinctive from others in the same register and its own cross-cultural equivalents. The category variations reflect the two speech communities’ typical psychology, cognition, shared knowledge, and experience.

ANTROPOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ATATÜRK UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

Anthropometry is an important parameter that should always be considered in the architecture and landscape architecture professions, helping designers determine the bare minimum space required to accommodate the human body when performing outdoor/indoor related activities. Anthropometric analogies focus on the human body and its relationship to the design goal. Within the scope of the study, the concept of anthropometry was explained in the literature, and the relationship between Landscape Architecture and Anthropometry and anthropometric standards were examined. Atatürk University campus was chosen as the research area, and current applications were investigated in line with anthropometric data. The evaluation of landscape construction elements regarding anthropometric standards has been examined under two headings. These; consist of 1. Floor elements (Stairs, Ramps, Roads, Sidewalks, Flooring elements), 2. Equipment Elements (Lighting elements, Trash cans, Seating elements, Sign boards, limiters, and Vegetative elements). In this study, the ergonomic and anthropometric correct and incorrect applications of landscape reinforcement elements in the example of Atatürk University Campus were revealed, and suggestions were made on correcting the inaccurate and incomplete applications.

Reproduction Management of Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) In People's Livestock In Tanjung Lolo District, Sijunjung Regency

Sijunjung Regency is one of the centers for the development of buffalo livestock in West Sumatra. Even though the buffalo population in this area is quite large, from year to year the population increase is not as expected. One reason is the management of livestock reproduction which is not well controlled by breeders. This community service activity (CSA) for the buffalo livestock group aims to: change the behavior of farmers regarding the reproduction of buffalo livestock by providing knowledge about reproduction management, especially regarding puberty, detection of lust, and artificial insemination programs in buffalo livestock. The program targets are buffalo breeders in Nagari Tanjung Lolo, Tanjung Gadang District, Sijunjung Regency. The approach method used is counseling with a lecture approach and direct demonstrations. In addition, to determine the state of reproduction (ovaries) of buffalo cattle palpation is carried out. Guidance and coaching for breeders is carried out periodically through coordination with one of the breeders in the group. The mentoring activities carried out involved students of the animal husbandry study program. The results of the community service program activities are: 1) breeders know the age of puberty and signs of lust in buffalo cattle. 2) breeders know the reproductive condition (ovaries) of their livestock, 3) breeders know the ideal body condition of a livestock, 4) vitamin E administration to improve the growth and body condition of livestock.

Multilingual views of food service signage

The paper considers the multilingual views of food services signage. The food ser-vice sign boards are selected as the research topic due to their sociocultural relevance: food is viewed as part of national cultural codes and international universals. The paper aims to determine the variants of multilingual names of food service companies (cafes, restaurants) and the attitude to the respective names' variants from the part of various categories of the population. The method-ology uses a mixed-method approach, combining theoretical analysis of the academic sources, empirical categorization of food signages, interviews of various catego-ries of respondents, and statistical processing of the respondents' data and their replies. The research results have made it possible to identify major trends in the language repertoire of food service signages, identify different groups of the re-spondents' population regarding their attitudes towards the linguistics repertoire of food service sign boards, and outline promising communicative practices in the field. The results can be used for linguists' training in the field of sociolinguis-tics for advertising specialists-to-be education regarding the potential and bound-aries of the multilingual landscape concerning its communicative, pragmatic, and ideological values. Moreover, the collected data can be used as a didactic back-ground for translators' training focusing on the translanguaging phenomenon.