Storage Equipment Research Articles

Optimization for Micro-energy Grid Dispatch Based on Non-supplementary Fired Compressed Air Energy Storage Aided Energy Hub and Hybrid Hyper-spherical Search

Micro-energy grids have shown superiorities over traditional electricity and heating management systems. This paper presents a hybrid optimization strategy for micro-energy grid dispatch with three salient features. First, to enhance the ability to support new storage equipment, an energy hub model is proposed using the non-supplementary fired compressed air energy storage (NSF-CAES). This provides flexible dispatch for cooling, heating and electricity. Second, considering the unique characteristics of the NSF-CAES, a sliding time window (STW) method is designed for simple but effective energy dispatch. Third, for the optimization of energy dispatch, we blend the differential evolution (DE) with the hyper-spherical search (HSS) to formulate a hybrid DE-HSS algorithm, which enhances the global search ability and accuracy. Comparative case studies are performed using real data of scenarios to demonstrate the superiorities of the proposed scheme.

INFLUENCE OF SEED DENSITY OF UNIVERSAL AND GRAIN AMARANT VARIETIES ON YIELD AND PHYSICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAIN

In the conditions of global warming, in particular the growing aridity of the steppe zone of Ukraine, as well as the deficit of organic matter and declining nitrogen reserves in the soil, agricultural producers are faced with the task of finding effective cultivation of drought-resistant crops that are competitive in the market, have economic feasibility and unpretentiousness in cultivation. The experiment was established in 2021 in the research field of the Department of Field and Vegetable Crops within the land use of LLC «Iceberg» Rozdilna district of Odessa region. The administrative center is located in the village Grebinky. The experiment is two-factor: factor A – varieties of amaranth, factor B – the density of standing amaranth plants. Variants of the experiment are arranged sequentially in 3 repetitions. The total area under the experiment is 10 thousand m2, the total area of the plot is 555,0 m2, the accounting area is 300,0 m2. The predecessor is Sudanese grass for hay and green fodder on 2 cuts. Agricultural techniques in the experiment are adopted for the cultivation of organic amaranth, without fertilizers and plant protection products. Amaranth was sown with 60 cm row spacing with the help of ASTRA NOVA 5б4 seed drill. One of the features of amaranth plants is the specificity of the location of leaves on the stem, which determines the effective use of sunlight even in thickened crops. Our research studies have established a certain effect of changes in the density of amaranth crops on its productivity. The best yields of amaranth grain are observed at a sowing density of 150 thousand pieces/ha. It was found that the highest yield of amaranth grain in the experiment was obtained by Lera variety and was in the version of 150 thousand pieces/ha – 3,34 t/ha, which exceeds the control version by 0,53 t/ha, or 18,9%, and we prove mathematically (LSD05 for AB = 0,21 t/ha). The same applies to the variety Kharkivsky-1, where under the conditions of the year the largest grain yield was obtained in the variant with a sowing density of 150 thousand pieces/ha and amounted to – 3,06 t/ha, exceeding the control variant by 0,25 t/ha, or by 8,9%, which is a significant difference. Further increase or decrease in sowing density provided a decrease in yield. To obtain quality products from harvesting to direct processing into amaranth grain, a set of technological operations of post-harvest processing is used, the purpose of which is to prevent losses and preserve all its useful properties. From the conducted research studies, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the nature of amaranth grain is very variable indicator. The main factors that influence the nature of amaranth grain include the method of grain laying, grain density, variety, surface condition, fullness, moisture content of the grain mass. With an increase of humidity there is the increase in the mass of 1000 grains, the speed of soaring and the angle of natural slope. Studies have shown that the optimal sowing density for growing amaranth in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is 150 thousand pieces/ha. Under such conditions, the highest yield of amaranth grain is formed, which under the conditions of the year was for the variety Kharkivsky-1 (universal) 3,06 t/ha and for the variety Lera (grain) – 3,34 t/ha. Knowledge of the basic physical and technological characteristics of the grain mass is a prerequisite for determining the optimal modes of technological equipment for post-harvest processing and reliable storage of grain for processing.

Operation Mode of Integrated Energy System with Liquid Air Energy Storage

This paper takes the energy supply in the park as the research background, the integrated energy system as the research object and establishes the integrated energy system model including liquid air energy storage, distributed photovoltaic, gas turbines and other equipment. When the integrated energy system operates the mode of “ordering heat by power”, the heat wasted as high as 14.647MWh and the cold wasted as high as 24.13MWh. When the system is not equipped with LAES, the output power of the CCHP unit increases by 21MWh, the electricity purchase in power grid increases by 8.123MWh, the heat waste increases by 21.696MWh and the cold waste increases by 12.421MWh. When the integrated energy system operates the mode of [[CHECK_DOUBLEQUOT_ENT]] ordering power by heat ", heat energy of the system has been reasonably utilized. When the system is not equipped with LAES, the power output and heat of the CCHP unit in the system are the same, the thermal energy output results of the system are the same and the electricity purchased by the power grid increases by 32.14MWh.

Study on Inventory Optimization of Chain Supermarkets Based on EIQ-ABC Analysis Method

This paper mainly adopts EIQ analysis method and ABC analysis method to optimize the inventory of a chain supermarket in Northeast Sichuan. By adopting the statistical methods of Pareto analysis, frequency distribution analysis, ABC analysis and cross analysis, this paper analyzes the outbound volume of the chain supermarket in a period. After analyzing and calculating the characteristics of the customer and goods of the order, it classifies them according to the characteristics and selects the right storage place, facilities and equipment for the goods in the warehouse, which also provides some improvement strategies for the warehouse planning.

Analysis and Prospect of Key Technologies of Hydrogen Energy Storage and Transportation

Combined with various physical objects, this paper introduces in detail the development status of various key technologies of hydrogen energy storage and transportation in the field of hydrogen energy development in China and the application status of relevant equipment, mainly including key technologies of hydrogen energy storage and transportation such as gaseous hydrogen, liquid hydrogen, solid material hydrogen storage and organic liquid hydrogen storage, as well as pipeline transportation technology after natural gas hydrogen mixing. The related hydrogen storage materials and their main related equipment are introduced in detail, and the specific advantages and main disadvantages of various hydrogen storage and transportation technologies and equipment are described in detail. Finally, it is analyzed and pointed out in detail that liquid and solid hydrogen storage has the advantages of high density, safety and convenient transportation. With the popularization and application of hydrogen fuel cell technology, hydrogen energy is expected to be widely used in the field of transportation; Hydrogen doped natural gas pipeline transportation is the inevitable development trend of large-scale and large-area regional radiation application of hydrogen energy, and the relevant technologies and standards still need to be further improved; Finally, the development direction of hydrogen energy storage and transportation technology and key equipment in the future, as well as the key points and suggestions of feasibility technology research are clarified.

Potatoes in Ireland: Sixty years of potato research and development, market evolution and perspectives on future challenges

Potato is often considered synonymous with Ireland, due to the great Irish famine in 1845, and remains the most important primary food crop in Ireland. Over the last 60 yr, the area of potatoes has reduced from 86,000 ha to 9,000 ha. This trend has occurred in most developed countries but in Ireland it is due to decreasing consumption, increasing yield, decline in seed production and potatoes no longer being use for animal feed. Significant specialisation occurred in the industry during the 1990s, with improvements in agronomy, on farm investment in storage and field equipment, consolidation of packing facilities, and a significant shift in cultivar choice, with Rooster becoming the dominant cultivar. These developments led to an increase in yield from 20 t/ha in the mid-1980s to over 40 t/ha today. Potato research in Ireland has focused on breeding, pathology and agronomy, while there have been significant changes in how knowledge is communicated to growers and the industry in this period. The industry faces many challenges in the future, largely framed by climate change, the need to reduce fertiliser and plant protection products as part of the EU Farm to Fork Strategy and industry size constraints. New superior potato varieties and novel breeding techniques will have potential to help address many challenges in combination with integrated pest management principles. Multi-actor approaches will be necessary to address all challenges but particularly to aid the industry grow and exploit emerging opportunities.

Research on the Management Mode of Library Information Resources Construction Project

With the continuous development of the times, the management mode of the library should keep pace with the times, and the advanced management mode should be applied to improve the management effect, so as to promote the rapid growth and development of the library and meet the current demand of people for knowledge. The knowledge management mode is an advanced management method at present, which can ensure that the knowledge integrated in the library can be comprehensive, meet people's knowledge needs and realize the modernization of the library. How to implement the knowledge management mode is the key research content in the current library management. The methods of knowledge management are studied in order to provide effective suggestions for library management. The value of information resources is different in different life cycle stages. According to the evolution and change characteristics of the life value of library digital information resources, the library can establish a library information resources management mode based on the information life cycle theory, establish a hierarchical digital resources storage standard and service system process, and strive to maximize the efficiency of library storage equipment and the utility of information resources, and improve the library's information service capability.

A New Composite Phase Change Material for Cold and Heat Storage and Its Application

In today's society, energy consumption is growing at an alarming rate. Because of the huge economic benefits brought by traditional industries such as non renewable energy and fossil fuel power generation, people have to study them. The phase-change heat storage materials are widely used in the condensation heat storage due to their high temperature, low density and environmental protection. This paper considers the advantages, disadvantages and application scope of the new energy storage equipment based on the phase-change storage characteristics, and proves through experiments that under certain conditions, the appropriate solid-liquid ratio and the degree of substitution of different components are conducive to improving the performance of the composite storage heat exchanger. In this paper, a new composite phase change material for cold storage and heat storage is tested. The test results show that, because the carbon nanotubes added in the composite phase change material have no latent heat contribution in the whole phase change process, the phase change enthalpy of the composite phase change material will inevitably decrease with the increase of the carbon nanotube mass fraction.

Full life-cycle economic evaluation of integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment

Hydrogen energy storage, as a new type of energy storage with zero carbon emission, multi-energy federal reserve and combined supply, has a good development prospect in the integrated energy system. Based on the integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment, this paper proposes the operation mechanism of the integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment in the environment of electricity market and carbon market. On this basis, considering the time value of money, the life-cycle economic evaluation model of the integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment is constructed. The model is applied to calculate the investment benefit of a community integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment in the whole life cycle. The result of an example shows that the integrated energy system with hydrogen storage equipment is of good economic benefits.

A facile synthesis of CuSe nanosheets for high-performance sodium-ion hybrid capacitors.

Due to the low price and abundant reserves of sodium resources, sodium-ion batteries have become the main candidate for the next generation of energy storage equipment, particularly for large-scale grid storage and low-speed electric vehicles. Transition metal selenides have attracted considerable attention because of their high reversible capacity, superior electrical conductivity and versatile structures. In this study, two-dimensional CuSe nanosheets are synthesized via a simple hydrothermal reaction. When acting as an electrode material for sodium-ion batteries, the CuSe electrode exhibits an initial coulombic efficiency of 96.7% at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and a specific capacity of 330 mA h g−1 after 100 operation cycles, as well as retains a specific capacity of 211 mA h g−1 even at a high current density of 10 A g−1. Moreover, the anode delivers a specific capacity of 236 mA h g−1 after 3300 cycles at 5 A g−1 with a capacity retention of 91.2%. In sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SHICs) with the two-dimensional CuSe nanosheets and Ti3C2Tx MXene as the negative and positive materials, respectively, the nanosheets without any pre-sodiation present a lifespan of up to 2000 cycles at 2 A g−1 and a capacity retention of about 77.7%.

Uncovering the consequences of Ag1+ on nano-structural, magneto-optical, antibacterial, and antifungal response of nickel oxide particles

Metal oxide nanoparticles existing in transition metal series have intensely earned high research interest among material scientists by virtue of their dispersive magnetic nature desirable for antimicrobial action. Herein, we report the unsubstituted and silver (Ag) doped nickel oxide nanoparticles with varying dopant concentrations AgxNi1−xO (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 M) prepared via flexible sol–gel citrate route at optimum temperature. The well-resolved prominent peaks from X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern confirmed the micro-structural attributes of NiO particles and the corresponding crystallite size decreases from 25.67 to 10.93 nm (nm) upon doping. The bandgap energy evaluated from the Tauc plot traced an increasing trend from 2.48 to 3.09 eV affirming the blue shift reasoned with the Burstein Moss phenomenon. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis portrayed the formation of spherical nanoparticles and the particle size was calculated. The phase purity and the chemical composition of nanoparticles were elucidated from Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra which endorse only the presence of Ni, Ag, and O metals. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis operated in an IR vibrational spectral span confirms the functional group matrix. Dielectric constant and loss of doped nanoparticles were discussed where the loss decreases with increasing dopant concentration. Saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) were calculated from Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) studies where Ms perform a declining tendency from 39.96 to 2.86 emu/g which is favorable in the construction of antennas and memory storage equipment. In addition, the nanoparticles were tested against different bacterial and fungal organisms to examine their antimicrobial activity wherein the high concentration (Ag0.15Ni0.85O) doped nanoparticles exhibited a higher antimicrobial response.

Research on the problem of solar energy storage system based on AHP

Solar energy storage, while currently widely used as a clean and sustainable resource, is a critical issue that impacts the widespread use of solar energy technology. Using solar power to provide electricity can overcome the constraint of avoiding geography, which is crucial for the electricity problem associated with homes built in remote areas. However, it is limited by the sun’s irradiation. We should solve the electricity storage problem to support energy requirements at night and on a cloudy day. In our paper, we are tasked to evaluate the utility of battery storage system based on the energy needs and individual’s preferences. Considering individual’s needs and preferences, we proposed a generalized evaluation model based on AHP method. The method is based on the choice of variables that influence battery storage system section in question 1 and goes through a hierarchical analysis model to calculate the weights of variables. AHP method can effectively represent the preferences of individuals. Besides, we proposed a set of functions to evaluate the satisfaction of individual under each factor by considering individual’s expected cost and energy requirements. Finally, we talk about the future of cement batteries. The benefits and drawbacks of cement batteries as energy storage equipment are examined, focusing on cost, safety, and environmental contamination concerns. Furthermore, we assessed the future utility of cement battery in terms of cost, usable capacity, continuous power rating, instantaneous rower rating, lifetime of battery, and other factors.

Integration and Modeling of Multi‐Energy Network Based on Energy Hub

The energy conversion units and energy storage equipment connected to the multi‐energy system are becoming diversified, and the uncertain factors brought by distributed wind power and photovoltaic power generation make the system energy flow structure more complex, which brings great difficulties to the modeling and application of traditional energy hub modeling methods. This study deeply analyzes the multi‐energy flow coupling structure and operation mechanism of multi‐energy systems, and carries out the power flow calculation and analysis of multi‐energy systems based on an energy hub, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of regional energy. Based on the physical characteristics of energy systems such as power systems, thermal systems, and gas systems, this article studies the comprehensive power flow model including the electric‐gas‐thermal multi‐energy coupling network and proposes the power flow decomposition of the energy supply subsystem and its applicable equation based on Newton–Raphson method. The effectiveness of the proposed method under different operation modes is verified by case studies. The calculation results show that under constant load, the energy hub running in fixing thermal by electricity (FEL) and fixing electricity by thermal (FTL) mode has little influence on the voltage of each node in the power sub‐network. Within the constraint range, the natural gas flow obtained from the natural gas subsystem is coupled with the power subsystem to meet the load demand. The influence on the power flow at each node of the heat network is not obvious.

A Prosumer-Based Energy Sharing Mechanism of Active Distribution Network Considering Household Energy Storage

The proliferation of distributed renewable energy and the extensive use of household energy storage have gradually transformed the users of active distribution network (ADN) from traditional consumers to prosumers. The flexible resources of prosumers on the demand side need a suitable trading mechanism to realize the optimal allocation of resources. Unlike the traditional electricity market with high entry threshold, this paper proposed an energy sharing mechanism based on prosumers with household energy storage devices. Firstly, taking into account the charge and discharge utility of household energy storage equipment as well as the production and consumption utility of prosumers, a transaction decision model of prosumers is established. Then, based on the centralized social welfare maximization energy sharing problem, a distributed energy sharing mechanism of ADN is constructed through alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. Finally, an illustrative example of two prosumers and a prosumer network of the ADN with 10 nodes are calculated and analyzed respectively. The results show that the proposed energy sharing mechanism can maximize social welfare and improve the local accommodation degree of renewable energy from 84.85% to 85.27%. The social welfare increases with the growth of the number of prosumers with household energy storage.

Optimal scheduling of supercritical coal-fired power plant integrated with CO2 capture process considering solvent storage

The deployment of lean/rich solvent storage devices within the solvent-based carbon capture process provides an effective way to upgrade the flexibility of the integrated power plant-CO2 capture process, especially in the scenarios with strict carbon emission requirements. This paper provides an optimal scheduling strategy to fully exploit the roles of solvent storage within the supercritical coal-fired power plant integrated with CO2 capture process, so that the net operating profits of the plant can be maximized. System economy, capacity of carbon emission reduction and operating flexibility are then analyzed through comparison with the same system without using the solvent storage equipment under two different operating modes. The results show that the system considering solvent storage has outstanding economic advantages: it can achieve better carbon emission reduction performance under the flexible carbon capture level mode; and can greatly improve the flexibility in power generation under the fixed carbon capture level mode.

Research Progress of Spin-Dependent Effects in Catalysis and Energy Storage

Hydrogen fuel is highly valued as ideal clean energy to solve the environmental crisis. Electrolytic water splitting, as the most promising hydrogen production method, has been widely and deeply studied in recent ten years. On the other hand, lithium-ion batteries are considered the most popular energy storage equipment because of their high energy density, high working voltage, and long cycle life. However, the rapid development of society needs cheaper fuel, higher power density, and safer energy storage devices. Therefore, many new and efficient catalysts and electrode materials are being developed and explored. However, their electrochemical reaction mechanism must be clarified before they could be widely used in industry. In recent years, spin-dependent effects have been deeply studied in the field of catalysis and energy storage, which provides a theoretical foundation for analyzing the electrochemical reaction mechanism, preparing and screening promising catalytic and energy storage materials. This work summarizes the influence of spin-dependent effects on the physical and chemical properties of materials, mainly from four aspects, including electrocatalytic water splitting, metal-air batteries, lithium/sodium-sulfur batteries and lithium/sodium-ion batteries. Finally, we put forward some suggestions on the challenges and development of spin-dependent effects in catalysis and energy storage.

Analysis of Ukraine's milk and dairy products market

To date, Ukraine's dairy and milk-processing industry has a number of problems that hinder its effective development. Producers of milk and dairy products are trying to move away from Soviet-era standards and adopt new European technologies. To date, the dairy industry is one of the leading sectors of the economy, which provides the population with food and is a component of food security of the state, which makes this work urgent. The article analyzes the state of the dairy products market in Ukraine for the period from 2016 to 2020. The paper presents the dynamics and forecast of the values of the main economic indicators of the Ukrainian market of milk and dairy products for the next year, formulates recommendations to improve the activities of actors of the market of milk and dairy products in Ukraine. The results are obtained on the basis of structural, dynamic and matrix analysis of the market. Considered the main problems of the dairy industry, including: reducing the number of dairy processing plants, reducing the number of cattle, the low level of technological equipment in production and lack of modern equipment for storage and processing of raw materials. As a consequence, such trends have led to a significant increase in the cost of production of raw milk and an expected increase in the price of finished products, which, in turn, has led to a reduction in demand for dairy products. Using SWOT- and PEST-analysis the properties of the milk and dairy products market of Ukraine as a whole, its subjects and their interaction have been studied and presented in a systematic form. Proposals to improve the state of the market of milk and dairy products in Ukraine are formulated. The proposals are grouped into the following areas: economic activity, technology and resources and state support. The combination of state support measures, entrepreneurial efforts, and reliance on international experience will preserve food security in Ukraine and provide the population with high-quality dairy products in the required quantity, reduce imports, and introduce advanced resource-saving technologies. There is a potential opportunity for Ukrainian producers to reach new international markets, but on condition that product quality indicators are met.

FEASIBILITY STUDY OF WOOD WORKSHOP SPACES CONTRUCTION AND PROPERTY BUSINESS EXPERTISE STUDY AT STATE VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 1 PALANGKA RAYA

The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of the wood workshop space, wood workshop lighting system, and woodworking furniture and equipment at SMK N 1 Palangka Raya based on the standards required by Permendiknas No. 40 of 2008 and SNI 03-6575-2001. This is done to provide convenience and feasibility for users. The results of this study are (1) the wood workspace area of SMK N 1 Palangka Raya does not meet the standard with an area of 198 m² which is smaller than the standard of 256 m² with an achievement percentage of 77.34%, the area of the equipment storage room and the wood workshop instructor room has meet the standard with an area of 72 m² larger than the standard of 48 m² with an achievement percentage of 150%, the overall area of the wood workshop does not meet the standard with an area of 270 m² smaller than the standard of 304 m² with an achievement percentage of 88.8%. (2) The level of lighting in the wood workshop room at SMK N 1 Palangka Raya has not met the standard, namely min 500 lux with a lighting level of 400 lux in the morning with an achievement percentage of 80%, during the day 411 lux with an achievement percentage of 82%, in the afternoon day of 408 lux with an achievement percentage of 81%. (3) Equipment and furniture for the wood workshop room at SMK N 1 Palangka Raya, single station equipment does not meet the standard with the number of equipment that meets the standard is 1 type of tool and 20 types of tools that meet the standard with a size of achievement of 4.76%, equipment double station there are 3 types of tools that meet the standards and 9 types of tools that do not meet the standards with a size of 16.66% standard achievement, workshop furniture there are 3 types of furniture that do not meet the standards and 4 types of furniture that meet the standards with a large standard achievement are 42.85%.

A Novel Approach for More Effective Emergency Equipment Storage: The Task-Based Package-Organized Neonatal Emergency Backpack.

Objectives: To evaluate a new task-based package-organized (TPO) neonatal emergency backpack and to compare it to the classical (ABC- and material-based) backpack.Methods: Simulation-based assessment of time to retrieve equipment for three different tasks [intraosseous access (IO), intubation and adrenaline administration] using the TPO and the classical emergency backpack was compared.Results: Equipment retrieval times for the three tasks were assessed for 24 nurses (12 intermediate care, 12 intensive care) and were significantly faster in the TPO than in the classical backpack (IO 33 vs. 75 s, p < 0.001; intubation 53 vs. 70 s, p = 0,001; adrenaline 22 vs. 45 s, p < 0.001). The number of missing items was significantly lower using the TPO backpack for IO and adrenaline retrieval (IO 0,9 vs. 2,3 items, p < 00001, adrenaline 0.04 vs. 1, p < 0.001) but not for intubation equipment (0.9 vs. 1, not significant). The subjective rating of overall clearness was significantly higher for the TPO compared with the classical backpack (5,9 vs. 3,5, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Task-based package organization of neonatal emergency backpacks is feasible and might be superior to ABC-/material-oriented storage.

Combined multi-objective optimization and agent-based modeling for a 100% renewable island energy system considering power-to-gas technology and extreme weather conditions

Islands are constrained by geographical conditions in terms of energy delivery. Due to weak connections with the mainland and the power grid, the diversity of island energy demand leads to high economic costs and environmental pollution issues. This study proposes a 100% renewable island energy system, which integrates with power-to-gas, combined cooling, heating and power, and desalination technologies to supply electricity, heating, cooling, gas and fresh water to the local residents. A comprehensive approach for energy demand prediction, system design and dispatch optimization, as well as system evaluation is proposed. For energy demand prediction, agent-based modeling is used to simulate the demand of electricity, heating, cooling, gas and fresh water for the case study community on the island. The k-means clustering and scenario tree are further adopted to generate representative stochastic scenarios, which are applied to capture the uncertainty of energy demand. A multi-objective optimization model is developed to optimize the system design and scheduling strategy simultaneously. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and to evaluate the obtained optimal solutions for the case study, different objectives and extreme weather conditions are specifically considered. The optimal solution obtained shows that compared to battery storage, a 2.5% annual cost reduction can be achieved by using power-to-gas technology for energy storage. The findings also suggest that extreme weather conditions can be coped with by increasing the capacity of biogas generation, desalination, and energy storage equipment, thereby improving the resilience of the island energy system.