Storage Cells Research Articles

Numerical investigation of the effect of an air layer on the melting process of phase change materials

Designing more effective thermal energy storage devices can result from understanding how air layers impact the melting process. The total efficiency of these systems can be improved by optimizing the melting process of the phase change materials (PCMs), which are utilised to store and release thermal energy. The current study utilises an analysis to evaluate how an air layer would affect melting of the PCM. The enthalpy-porosity combination based ANSYS/FLUENT 16 software is specifically used to accomplish this study, considering the paraffin wax (RT42) as the PCM. The study reveal that the presence of an air layer would impact the dissolution process. This result is assured an increase of melting time of PCM by 125% as a result to having an air layer of 5 cm thickness compared to a cell without an air layer. Furthermore, an increase of the layer thickness beyond 5 cm has a progressive effect on the melting time of PCM. One important component that affects the melting process is the existence of an air layer above the cell. Greater heat transfer resistance from thicker air layers prolongs the time needed to finish melting. The efficient heat transmission of PCM is shown to be reduced when there is an air layer above the cell. The melting process gradually slows down as the air layer thickness rises, which reflects the decreased heat transmission. These results highlight how crucial it is to take the environment into account while creating PCM-filled energy storage cells.

Innovative Design of Solid-State Hydrogen Storage and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Coupling System with Enhanced Cold Start Control Strategy

This paper presents an innovative thermally coupled system architecture with a parallel coolant-heated metal hydride tank (MHT) designed to satisfy the hydrogen supply requirements of proton exchange membrane fuel cell s(PEMFCs). This design solves a problem by revolutionising the cold start capability of PEMFCs at low temperatures. During the design process, LaNi5 was selected as the hydrogen storage material, with thermodynamic and kinetic properties matching the PEMFC operating conditions. Afterwards, the MHT and thermal management subsystem were customised to integrate with the 70 kW PEMFC system to ensure optimal performance. Given the limitations of conventional high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage for cold starting, this paper provides insights into the challenges faced by the PEMFC-MH system and proposes an innovative cold start methodology that combines internal self-heating and externally assisted preheating techniques, aiming to optimise cold start time, energy consumption, and hydrogen utilisation. The results show that the PEMFC-MH system utilises the heat generated during hydrogen absorption by the MHT to preheat the PEMFC stack, and the cold start time is only 101 s, which is 59.3% shorter compared to that of the conventional method. Meanwhile, the cold start energy consumption is reduced by 62.4%, achieving a significant improvement in energy efficiency. In conclusion, this paper presents a PEMFC-MH system design that achieves significant progress in terms of time saving, energy consumption, and hydrogen utilisation.

Effect of microencapsulation on the bio-preservative and probiotic properties of Enterococcus durans F21

This study aimed to assess the probiotic potential of Enterococcus durans F21 and its microencapsulation. Two microencapsulation methods, spray-drying (SD) and freeze-drying (FD), were employed using sodium caseinate (Cas) as a cell protectant at concentrations of 0.035% and 1% and at two pHs, 3 and 7. Maltodextrins (MD) served as wall material (10%). Microcapsules were analysed for cell viability and membrane damage after drying, survival under simulated gastro-intestinal conditions, antimicrobial activity, stability during storage, and physicochemical characterization. Results showed that E. durans F21 exhibited promising probiotic properties, including moderate auto-aggregation, high co-aggregation with pathogens, moderate biofilm formation, and resistance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The encapsulation pH showed to be a crucial factor affecting the viability of microencapsulated cells. Microencapsulation at pH 3 adversely affected cell viability during drying. However, microencapsulation at pH 7 using Cas (at 0.035 and 1%) was found to be most effective in maintaining higher cell viability under similar conditions. No significant difference was detected between both Cas formulations, suggesting that 0.035% Cas concentration might be sufficient for the microencapsulation process at pH 7. Moreover, FD proved to be the most effective method to produce E. durans F21 microcapsules with high viability (cell viability of 93%) and stability during storage (cell viability of 99%). Conclusively, microencapsulation of E. durans F21 using Cas, at pH 7, and employing FD method could be a promising strategy for producing highly viable microcapsules containing E. durans F21 cells with high probiotic and bio-preservative potentials in foods.

Graphite counter electrode modified Tropaeolin‐O photo‐sensitized photogalvanic cells for solar power and storage

AbstractAn optimization, photo‐stability, and hysteresis property of the Graphite counter electrode‐modified Tropaeolin‐O (TPO) photo‐sensitized photogalvanic (PG) cells has been investigated. A complex H‐shaped cell design, a costly and delicate saturated calomel electrode (counter electrode), and a heavy sensitizer molecule (dye having high molecular weight, low diffusivity, and low photo‐stability) have been exploited for fabricating most of the PG cells so far. All these factors are not suitable for the fabrication of durable and cheap PG cells. Therefore, in the present study, the highly conductive/catalytically active robust graphite electrode with TPO dye photosensitizer (having a low molecular weight, higher diffusivity, and higher photo‐stability) has been exploited with diffusion‐friendly low cost and a simple transparent cylindrical glass tube. The cheap and robust graphite counter electrode has been exploited for optimization and long‐term study of the TPO photo‐sensitized PG cells. The observed electrical output is potential 676 mV, current 2000 µA, and power 340.0 μW. The power, current, and efficiency, have been found quite independent of the illumination window size. The potential and current have been observed to be quite stable over a long time during illumination, and the same has been supported by the hysteresis study.

Conserved and specific gene expression patterns in the embryonic development of tardigrades.

Tardigrades, commonly known as water bears, are enigmatic organisms characterized by their remarkable resilience to extreme environments despite their simple and compact body structure. To date, there is still much to understand about their evolutionary and developmental features contributing to their special body plan and abilities. This research provides preliminary insights on the conserved and specific gene expression patterns during embryonic development of water bears, focusing on the species Hypsibius exemplaris. The developmental dynamic expression analysis of the genes with various evolutionary age grades indicated that the mid-conserved stage of H. exemplaris corresponds to the period of ganglia and midgut development, with the late embryonic stage showing a transition from non-conserved to conserved state. Additionally, a comparison with Drosophila melanogaster highlighted the absence of certain pathway nodes in development-related pathways, such as Maml and Hairless, which are respectively the transcriptional co-activator and co-repressor of NOTCH regulated genes. We also employed Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to investigate the expression patterns of tardigrade-specific genes during embryo development. Our findings indicated that the module containing the highest proportion of tardigrade-specific genes (TSGs) exhibits high expression levels before the mid-conserved stage, potentially playing a role in glutathione and lipid metabolism. These functions may be associated to the ecdysone synthesis and storage cell formation, which is unique to tardigrades.

FeFET-Based MirrorBit Cell for High-Density NVM Storage

FeFET-Based MirrorBit Cell for High-Density NVM Storage

An ultra low‐power double‐node‐upsets hardened latch design

AbstractIn this paper, a novel low‐cost, double‐node upset (DNU) tolerant latch aiming at nourishing the lack of these devices in the state of the art was presented, especially featuring high reliability while maintaining a low‐cost profile. The proposed latch is based on a low‐cost single event double‐node upset tolerant latch and also provides self‐recoverability against double‐node‐upsets. The latch uses clock‐controlled DICE (Dual‐interlocked storage cell) cell and CE(C‐Elements) cell to tolerate double‐node‐upsets fully. The Simulation waveforms and analysis results show that the proposed latch can maintain the correct output in any case of DNU. In addition, under the premise of high radiation tolerance, the minimum improvement of the area‐power‐delay product (APDP) of the proposed low‐power double‐node‐upsets hardened latch (LPDHL) is 16.60%, compared with the latest DNU tolerant latch on the literature.

The Algorithms for Managing a Matrix-Based Warehouse Utilizing Standardized Transport and Storage Cells

The article explores the principles of organizing warehouse systems based on standardized transport and storage cells. It discusses the general hardware features of transport and storage cells that enable the movement of stored goods between them. The article presents a method for constructing a warehouse graph that takes into account possible directions for transferring containers with cargo between the transport and storage cells integrated into the warehouse structure, along with their common hardware characteristics. Key criteria used in determining the edge weights of the graph are described, including the basic cost of movement for each axis, cell wear and tear, cargo weight, fragility of the cargo, distance to the nearest available cells, and repairability. Algorithms are presented, the primary task of which is to determine the sequence of container movements between warehouse cells to facilitate loading and unloading operations. Simulation modeling of a warehouse with dimensions of 5×5×5 was conducted using the proposed algorithms, both with and without considering cell wear and tear parameters. The results of the simulation highlighted the significance of this criterion, allowing for extended warehouse servicing intervals and maximizing the time until the first failure.The study also investigates the possibility of optimizing the structure of such warehouse systems to meet various requirements. As part of this investigation, the structure was optimized for a warehouse with dimensions of 4×3×3.

Three-Dimensional Modelling of a Large-Diameter Sealing Concept in a Deep Geological Radioactive Waste Disposal

The French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency is leading the design of a deep geological radioactive waste disposal to be located in the Callovo-Oxfordian formation. At the disposal main level, large-diameter galleries will ensure access to the storage cells and connection between zones. After a long operational period, the disposal will be closed by sealing structures located at some key positions to ensure post-closure safety over the long term. The seals are intended to prevent the flow of water and the migration of radionuclides from the disposal to the biosphere throughout the entire storage life. Thus, the long-term safety of the disposal relies to a large extent on the performance of these structures. The paper presents the work carried out to assess and simulate the phenomena underlying the response and performance of a large-diameter sealing concept under real disposal conditions. The complexity of the problem is addressed by considering in the simulations large-scale 3D geometries, advanced constitutive models, complex coupled phenomena, key geometric details at decimetre scale, and all the phases from the excavation to the post-closure period (~ a few thousand years).

Adjustable onset voltages of embedded LiNbO3 domain-wall selectors for large-scale memory integration

A ferroelectric domain-wall memory has dual functionalities, where the volatile interfacial domain nearby the electrode can function as an embedded selector in contrast to the nonvolatile domain within an inner cell for information storage. However, most of crossbar memories require independent adjustments of the onset voltage of the selector and the coercive voltage of the inner domains at the same node fabrication technology. Here, we fabricated a LiNbO3 mesa-like domain-wall device to touch two top-to-top triangular-like Cu side electrodes. The readout wall current is more than 40 μA in write time as short as 20 ns. With the reduction of the apex angle of the Cu electrode from 180° to 30°, the onset voltage increases continuously from 0.68 to 3.05 V irrespective of the coercive voltage along with the improvement of polarization retention. The underlying physics is discussed on thickening of an effective interfacial layer projected along the applied electric-field direction. This finding enables the crossbar connection of high-density ferroelectric domain-wall memory.

Anion storing, oxygen vacancy incorporated perovskite oxide composites for high-performance aqueous dual ion hybrid supercapacitors

Dual ion storage hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) are considered as a promising device to overcome the limited energy density of existing supercapacitors while preserving high power and long cyclability. However, the development of high-capacity anion-storing materials, which can be paired with fast charging capacitive electrodes, lags behind cation-storing counterparts. Herein, we demonstrate the surface faradaic OH− storage mechanism of anion storing perovskite oxide composites and their application in high-performance dual ion HSCs. The oxygen vacancy and nanoparticle size of the reduced LaMnO3 (r-LaMnO3) were controlled, while r-LaMnO3 was chemically coupled with ozonated carbon nanotubes (oCNTs) for the improved anion storing capacity and cycle performance. As taken by in-situ and ex-situ spectroscopic and computational analyses, OH− ions are inserted into the oxygen vacancies coordinating with octahedral Mn with the increase in the oxidation state of Mn during the charging process or vice versa. Configuring OH− storing r-LaMnO3/oCNT composite with Na+ storing MXene, the as-fabricated aqueous dual ion HSCs achieved the cycle performance of 73.3% over 10,000 cycles, delivering the maximum energy and power densities of 47.5 W h kg−1 and 8 kW kg−1, respectively, far exceeding those of previously reported aqueous anion and dual ion storage cells. This research establishes a foundation for the unique anion storage mechanism of the defect engineered perovskite oxides and the advancement of dual ion hybrid energy storage devices with high energy and power densities.

The Origin and Architectural and Technological Characteristics and Opportunities for the Reuse of Portugal’s EPAC Silo Network

Portugal’s EPAC (Empresa Pública do Abastecimiento dos Cereais) silo network, initially planned in the 1930s but constructed and utilised primarily in the 1970s, consisted of 31 silos with a total capacity of 841,100 t. The network’s usage declined, however, due to market liberalisation and Portugal’s accession to the European Economic Community in 1985. This study focuses on adapting a methodology to inventory and analyse the 31 silos in the EPAC network, considering their general features, construction, technological facilities, and socioeconomic aspects. The silos are situated in 30 cities and towns, predominantly in the country’s key grain-growing regions, particularly the Alentejo region. While there are variations in design and construction, most EPAC silos contain two or three rows of circular reinforced concrete cells and use the spaces between cells for storage. Their capacities range from 6000 to 35,000 t. Some are inland grain reception and storage silos, while others are larger-capacity port silos designed to unload grain rapidly onto ships using mechanical or pneumatic unloaders. These structures are a significant part of Portugal’s agro-industrial heritage and have, in some cases, been repurposed as museums or event venues. Compared to other agro-industrial buildings, silos pose unique conversion challenges due to their height and design complexities. Examples of successful reuse in countries like Spain and Italy may provide insights for potential silo projects in Portugal. However, analysis suggests that such proposals and similar initiatives may be viable only in the more highly populated towns.

Elevated external temperature affects cell ultrastructure and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in Paramacrobiotus experimentalis Kaczmarek, Mioduchowska, Poprawa, & Roszkowska, 2020

Increasing temperature influences the habitats of various organisms, including microscopic invertebrates. To gain insight into temperature-dependent changes in tardigrades, we isolated storage cells exposed to various temperatures and conducted biochemical and ultrastructural analysis in active and tun-state Paramacrobiotus experimentalis Kaczmarek, Mioduchowska, Poprawa, & Roszkowska, 2020. The abundance of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and ultrastructure of the storage cells were examined at different temperatures (20 °C, 30 °C, 35 °C, 37 °C, 40 °C, and 42 °C) in storage cells isolated from active specimens of Pam. experimentalis. In the active animals, upon increase in external temperature, we observed an increase in the levels of HSPs (HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70). Furthermore, the number of ultrastructural changes in storage cells increased with increasing temperature. Cellular organelles, such as mitochondria and the rough endoplasmic reticulum, gradually degenerated. At 42 °C, cell death occurred by necrosis. Apart from the higher electron density of the karyoplasm and the accumulation of electron-dense material in some mitochondria (at 42 °C), almost no changes were observed in the ultrastructure of tun storage cells exposed to different temperatures. We concluded that desiccated (tun-state) are resistant to high temperatures, but not active tardigrades (survival rates of tuns after 24 h of rehydration: 93.3% at 20 °C, 60.0% at 35 °C, 33.3% at 37 °C, 33.3% at 40 °C, and 20.0% at 42 °C).

Assessment of a combined heating and power system based on compressed air energy storage and reversible solid oxide cell: Energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic evaluation

The electricity grid with high-penetration renewable energy sources has urged us to seek means to solve the mismatching between electricity supply and demand. Energy storage technology could accomplish the energy conversion process between different periods to achieve the efficient and stable utilization of renewable energy sources. In this paper, a hybrid energy storage system based on compressed air energy storage and reversible solid oxidation fuel cell (rSOC) is proposed. During the charging process, the rSOC operates in electrolysis cell (EC) mode to achieve the energy storage by converting the compression heat to chemical fuels. During the discharging process, the cell operates in fuel cell mode for electricity production and the gas turbine is conducted to recover the waste heat from cell. To evaluate the comprehensive performance of the proposed system, the energy, exergy, and exergoeconomic studies are conducted in this paper. Under the design condition, the results indicated that the proposed system is capable of generating 300.36 kW of electricity and 106.28 kW of heating; in the meantime, the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and total cost per unit exergy of product are 73.80%, 55.70%, and 216.78 $/MWh, respectively. The parametric analysis indicates that the increase in pressure ratio of air compressor, steam utilization factor of rSOC stack under EC mode and current density of the rSOC stack under EC mode reduce exergy efficiency and total cost per unit exergy of product simultaneously, while the increment of operating pressure of rSOC stack under FC mode enhances the exergy efficiency and decreases total cost per unit exergy of product. The multi-objective optimization is carried out to improve the comprehensive performance of the proposed system, and the results expressed that the best optimal solution has the exergy efficiency and total cost per unit exergy of product of 65.85% and 187.05 $/MWh, respectively. Compared to the basic operating condition, the improvement of the proposed system has led to the maximum enhancement of 20.32% in exergy efficiency and 18.60% in total cost per unit exergy of product.

Modular Voltage Equalizer Circuit With AC-Bus Inter-Modules Connection

A modular multi-layer voltage equalizer with a distributed controller is proposed to equalize the voltage of series-connected energy storage cells. In the cell-level equalizer, every two cells are connected in series through a module, and in the module-level equalizer, all modules are connected through the AC-bus established with the transformer’s secondary side windings. As the module-level equalizer topology is an AC fully coupled structure, based on the proposed controller method, all cells can transfer or receive energy in a switching cycle simultaneously. The implemented distributed controller requires only one voltage sensor per two cells, and each module benefits from using only one switch without the need for current feedback. Therefore, this method has fewer components than existing methods with similar features and prevents increasing component rates as the number of battery cells increases. The proposed circuit is comprehensively analyzed, and its feasibility is verified by experimental results.

Modeling and control of L-type network impedance matching for semiconductor plasma etch

The plasma process plays a pivotal role in the semiconductor industry, facilitating the creation of transistors and memory storage cells. This fourth state of matter is achieved by energizing a gas with radio-frequency electrical power, initiating and maintaining a stable plasma during the process cycles. Given that plasma behaves as an impedance component, an impedance-matching network becomes essential for optimizing power transfer from the source to the load (plasma). While various control strategies have been proposed for different network configurations, such as L, T, and Π networks, our work focuses on the L-type network due to its simplicity and extensive application in this domain. Several significant challenges have been identified in the existing literature, including slow dynamics, a non-monotonic decline in the reflected power, and substantial deviation in the capacitors’ path. These issues collectively impact the overall performance of the matching control system. In this article, we present a new methodology to obtain a nonlinear state-space model of the matching network for its analysis and design a proportional-integral combined with feedforward control and a control Lyapunov-barrier function to assess their effectiveness in achieving convergence to the desired matching value and guiding the path of the capacitors. These approaches aim to mitigate the recurring issues caused by capacitors moving in the wrong direction, thus improving the stability and efficiency of the impedance-matching process over time.

Investigation of Potential Effects of Ibuprofen on the Storage Cells and Anhydrobiosis Capacity of the Tardigrade Paramacrobiotus experimentalis

The surge in pharmaceutical consumption, particularly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, has raised concerns about their presence in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigated the potential ecological impact of ibuprofen, focusing on the ultrastructure of storage cells in the tardigrade Paramacrobiotus experimentalis, renowned for its resilience to environmental stressors. Individuals were exposed to three ibuprofen concentrations (0.1 μg/L, 16.8 μg/L, and 1 mg/L) over 7 and 28 days. Storage cells were examined using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and confocal microscopy. This study also explored ibuprofen’s impact on the process of anhydrobiosis. In the short-term experiment, no ultrastructural changes in tardigrade storage cells were observed across ibuprofen concentrations. However, in the long-term incubation, autophagic structures in storage cell cytoplasm were identified, indicating potential adaptive responses. Individual mitochondria exhibited degeneration, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum displayed slight swelling. No evidence of increased oxidative stress or nuclear DNA fragmentation was observed in any research group. This study elucidates the complex responses of tardigrade storage cells to ibuprofen exposure. The findings emphasize the importance of understanding pharmaceutical impacts on aquatic organisms, highlighting the resilience of tardigrades to specific environmental stressors.

Single ended 12T cntfet sram cell with high stability for low power smart device applications

Static random-access memory (SRAM) is the most prevalent type of memory used in current system-on-chips (SOC). SRAMs built using Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors, suffer from low stability and significant power dissipation at nano scale regime [1]. Studies show that the Carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) are prominent to use at nano scale region. This article proposes a 12T CNTFET SRAM cell and its performance metrics like power, stability and delay are compared with various other recent SRAM cells by simulating them using CNTFETs. Two Schmitt trigger (ST) based cross coupled inverter arrangement make up the storage cell in the suggested 12T CNTFET SRAM bit cell. ST-based inverter has stacked N-type transistors, which reduces the circuit's leakage and the voltage transfer characteristics (VTC) of ST inverter is also sharper than the other conventional inverters, thereby enhancing the stability performance of the proposed bit cell. The cell also uses feedback cutting transistor and a separate read and write path to further improve the stability performances during read and write modes. The suggested 12T CNTFET SRAM cell shows higher write SNM, hold SNM and read SNM when compared to other state of the art SRAM cells. The read and write delay of the proposed 12T CNTFET SRAM cell is also seen to improve in contrast to the other SRAM designs. The proposed 12T CNTFET SRAM cell when simulated using 32 nm CNTFET at 0.9 V, shows write power, hold power, read power, write delay, read delay, write static noise margin (WSNM), HSNM and read static noise margin (RSNM), as 0.19 nW, 1.61 nW, 3.13 µW, 119 pS, 7.33 pS, 444 mV, 420 mV, 420 mV respectively. The suggested cell is also tested for parametric variations and its performance is also recorded. The proposed cell surpasses all other cells considered as far as power and stability are concerned making it suitable for usage in smart devices like smart bands, smart watches etc. A 32 nm Stanford University model is used to simulate the proposed 12T CNTFET SRAM cell using the HSPICE tool.

Ultralong Cycling and Safe Lithium-Sulfur Pouch Cells for Sustainable Energy Storage.

While layered metal oxides remain the dominant cathode materials for the state-of-the-art lithium-ion batteries, conversion-type cathodes such as sulfur present unique opportunities in developing cheaper, safer, and more energy-dense next-generation battery technologies. There has been remarkable progress in advancing the laboratory scale lithium-sulfur (Li-S) coin cells to a high level of performance. However, the relevant strategies cannot be readily translated to practical cell formats such as pouch cells and even battery pack. Here these key technical challenges are addressed by molecular engineering of the Li metal for hydrophobicization, fluorination and thus favorable anode chemistry. The introduced tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (TBP) and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBA+F-) as well as cellulose membrane by rolling enables the formation of a functional thin layer that eliminates the vulnerability of Li metal towards the already demanding environment required (1.55% relative humidity) for cell production and gives rise to LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to suppress dendrite growth. As a result, Li-S pouch cells assembled at a pilot production line survive 400 full charge/discharge cycles with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.55% and impressive rate performance of 1.5 C. A cell-level energy density of 417Wh kg-1 and power density of 2766W kg-1 are also delivered via multilayer Li-S pouch cell. The Li-S battery pack can even power an unmanned aerial vehicle of 3kg for a fairly long flight time. This work represents a big step forward acceleration in Li-S battery marketization for future energy storage featuring improved safety, sustainability, higher energy density as well as reduced cost.

Storage cell proliferation during somatic growth establishes that tardigrades are not eutelic organisms.

Tardigrades, microscopic ecdysozoans known for extreme environment resilience, were traditionally believed to maintain a constant cell number after completing embryonic development, a phenomenon termed eutely. However, sporadic reports of dividing cells have raised questions about this assumption. In this study, we explored tardigrade post-embryonic cell proliferation using the model species Hypsibius exemplaris. Comparing hatchlings to adults, we observed an increase in the number of storage cells, responsible for nutrient storage. We monitored cell proliferation via 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, revealing large numbers of EdU+ storage cells during growth, which starvation halted. EdU incorporation associated with molting, a vital post-embryonic development process involving cuticle renewal for further growth. Notably, DNA replication inhibition strongly reduced EdU+ cell numbers and caused molting-related fatalities. Our study is the first to demonstrate using molecular approaches that storage cells actively proliferate during tardigrade post-embryonic development, providing a comprehensive insight into replication events throughout their somatic growth. Additionally, our data underscore the significance of proper DNA replication in tardigrade molting and survival. This work definitely establishes that tardigrades are not eutelic, and offers insights into cell cycle regulation, replication stress, and DNA damage management in these remarkable creatures as genetic manipulation techniques emerge within the field.