Stopping Process Research Articles

Tired and out of control? Effects of total and partial sleep deprivation on response inhibition under threat and no-threat conditions.

Sleep deprivation may impair top-down inhibitory control over emotional responses (e.g., under threat). The current study examined behavioral consequences of this phenomenon and manipulated the magnitude of individuals' sleep deficit to determine effect thresholds. Twenty-four healthy human participants were provided with 0hr, 2hr, 4hr and 8hr of sleep opportunity and, subsequently, performed a bimanual anticipatory response inhibition task under threat and no-threat conditions. Behavioral responses (button presses) and surface electromyography (EMG) from task effectors were collected to examine going and stopping processes. Bayesian analyses revealed that compared to 8hr sleep, go trial accuracy was reduced with 0hr sleep. Stopping speed was reduced with 0hr and 2hr of sleep, as evidenced by longer stop-signal delays, but only in a selective stopping context. None of the outcome measures were impacted with 4hr sleep. Under threat, go trial accuracy was maintained, whilst responses were slightly delayed and characterized by amplified EMG-bursts. Stopping speed was increased under threat across both stop-all and selective stopping contexts. No evidence was observed for interactions between sleep and threat. Sleep deprivation negatively affected response inhibition in a selective stopping context, with stopping speed reduced following a single night of ≤ 2hr sleep. Performance-contingent threat improved response inhibition, possibly due to a prioritizing of stopping. No evidence was observed for increased threat-related responding after sleep deprivation, suggesting that sleep deprivation and threat may impact inhibitory control via independent mechanisms.

Analysis and study of transient characteristics of hydrogen circulation pump under different stopping modes

The internal flow field of the hydrogen circulation pump becomes more complex and flow process becomes more intense during the stopping process, strong vibration is generated to the pump and the working life of the pump is shortened. Therefore, the pressure pulsation at the inlet and outlet section, the radial force characteristics of the active rotor and the transient flow mechanism of the internal flow under different stopping modes are studied in this paper. The results show that the intake pressure and exhaust flow change greatly in exponential stopping mode, while the pressure pulsation amplitude decreases with the increase of stopping time in linear stopping mode. In addition, the radial force value of the active rotor in the exponential stopping mode is significantly smaller than that in the linear stopping mode, and the direction of the radial force Fx and Fy point to the negative direction of their respective axes.

An Internationally Derived Process of Healthcare Professionals' Proactive Deprescribing Steps and Constituent Activities.

Proactive deprescribing is the process of tapering or stopping a medicine before harm occurs. This study aimed to specify and validate, with an international sample of healthcare professionals, a proactive deprescribing process of steps and constituent activities. We developed a proactive deprescribing process framework of steps which we populated with literature-derived activities required to be undertaken by healthcare professionals. We distributed a survey to healthcare professionals internationally, requesting for each activity the frequency of its occurrence in practice and whether it was important. Extended response questions investigated barriers and enablers to deprescribing. The 263 survey respondents were from 25 countries. A proactive deprescribing process was developed comprising four steps: (1) identify a patient for potential stop of a medicine, (2) evaluate a patient for potential stop of a medicine, (3) stop a medicine(s), and (4) monitor after a medicine has been stopped, and 17 activities. All activities were considered important by ≥70% of respondents. Nine activities required healthcare professionals to undertake in direct partnership with the patient and/or caregiver, of which seven were only sometimes undertaken. Deprescribing interventions should include a focus on addressing the barriers and enablers of healthcare professionals undertaking the activities that require direct partnership with the patient and/or caregiver.

Integrated Assessment of Disturbed Ecosystems Using Remote Sensing Technique

Introduction. Today, there is a need for a shared vision of restoration of disturbed ecosystems, which is defined as “the process of stopping and reversing degradation, leading to improved ecosystem services and restoration of biodiversity.”Problem Statement. The assessment and restoration of disturbed ecosystems has become especially relevant for the Ukrainian society now, as warfare has caused large-scale changes in environment and both short-term and long-term consequences for ecosystems in Ukraine.Purpose. Assessment of ecosystems disturbed as a result of warfare impact by remote sensing.Materials and Methods. Multispectral satellite imagery, ground truth data and ecosystems characteristics of study area have been used. Remotely sensed data processing, geospatial modelling, and mathematical statistics have been applied.Results. A warfare impact on the ecosystems of Ukraine has been overviewed. Possibility of using remote sensing methods have been considered; their advantages and disadvantages have been generalized. A demo example of the described technique for assessing the ecosystem conditions along the E40 highway on the west of Kyiv has been shown with the use of multi-time satellite imagery of very high resolution (0.5 m on the ground) between May 2020 and March 2022. The analysis of the obtained maps allows us to assess short-term changes in land cover: a decrease in the area of water bodies, coniferous and leafy plants, an increase in the open soil area. The ecosystem conditions map of the studied area enables identifying plots of high risk.Conclusions. Integrated remote assessment of the condition of disturbed ecosystems and geospatial analysis of corresponding risks are useful tools for the territory management. Remote sensing techniques are particularly important in the context of largescale warfare. In many cases, only remote sensing techniques can provide information on the condition of ecosystems that areinaccessible or dangerous for ground-based research. Currently, the proposed approach has been elaborated and tested over other territories, different ecosystems and other data sources. Completed and tested integral geo-information technology will be relevant for the post-war recovery of the territory of Ukraine. Further research should be focused on building a pool of quantitative models for probabilistic assessment of the risk of disruption of various ecosystems under diff erent conditions, as well as on obtaining an array of statistical data to increase the reliability of the resulting maps.

Improving carbon flux estimation in tea plantation ecosystems: A machine learning ensemble approach

Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is a major global crop consumed as a drink after water. Quantifying carbon flux, specifically the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), in tea plantations is essential for determining carbon sequestration and ecosystem carbon balance. The Eddy covariance (EC) system is widely used for continuous monitoring of carbon flux but high costs associated with installation and maintenance limit its widespread adoption. In addition, EC flux data is often discarded due to malfunction of instruments caused by adverse weather conditions. Therefore, additional approaches for estimating NEE are necessary to overcome these challenges and ensure accurate NEE measurement. For this purpose, three standalone tree-based machine learning (ML) models were used for NEE estimation using EC flux data collected from tea ecosystem located in subtropical region (Danyang county of Zhenjiang city) of China. To address the accuracy limitations inherent in standalone ML models, the ensemble mechanism based on voting regressor method was proposed. In addition, k-fold cross-validation based on early stopping process was also used to enhance the performance of standalone ML models. Based on visual plots (scatter diagram, heatMap, Taylor diagram) and performing indices (root-mean-square error (RMSE), determination coefficient (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), correlation coefficient (r), Kling Gupta Efficiency (KGE) and index of agreement (d)), the findings indicated that non-linear ensemble-generalized regression neural network (NLE-GRNN) significantly improved standalone ML model's results. In current study, the highest NSE, r and d in case of standalone ML model (DT) achieved 0.49, 0.73 and 0.75 respectively while our proposed NLE-GRNN model improved 48 % in NSE value (NSE = 0.97), 25 % in r value (r = 0.98) and 24 % in d value (d = 0.99). Likewise, NLE-GRNN significantly reduce errors (MAE, MAPE and RMSE) and provides NEE estimate closet to the observed value. The impact of climatic variables on NEE using shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis revealed that Rg (solar radiation) and Tair (air temperature) were the prime factors controlling NEE variation in the tea ecosystem. Considering the high accuracy and stability of the studied ML models, it is recommended to apply developed ensemble ML model (NLE-GRNN) for significant improvement of NEE estimate in the tea biomes or other ecosystems.

Stopping Speed in Response to Auditory and Visual Stop Signals Depends on Go Signal Modality.

Past research has found that the speed of the action cancellation process is influenced by the sensory modality of the environmental change that triggers it. However, the effect on selective stopping processes (where participants must cancel only one component of a multicomponent movement) remains unknown, despite these complex movements often being required as we navigate our busy modern world. Thirty healthy adults (mean age = 31.1 years, SD = 10.5) completed five response-selective stop signal tasks featuring different combinations of "go signal" modality (the environmental change baring an imperative to initiate movement; auditory or visual) and "stop signal" modality (the environmental change indicating that action cancellation is required: auditory, visual, or audiovisual). EMG recordings of effector muscles allowed detailed comparison of the characteristics of voluntary action and cancellation between tasks. Behavioral and physiological measures of stopping speed demonstrated that the modality of the go signal influenced how quickly participants cancelled movement in response to the stop signal: Stopping was faster in two cross-modal experimental conditions (auditory go - visual stop; visual go - auditory stop), than in two conditions using the same modality for both signals. A separate condition testing for multisensory facilitation revealed that stopping was fastest when the stop signal consisted of a combined audiovisual stimulus, compared with all other go-stop stimulus combinations. These findings provide novel evidence regarding the role of attentional networks in action cancellation and suggest modality-specific cognitive resources influence the latency of the stopping process.

Response stopping under conflict: The integrative role of representational dynamics associated with the insular cortex.

Coping with distracting inputs during goal-directed behavior is a common challenge, especially when stopping ongoing responses. The neural basis for this remains debated. Our study explores this using a conflict-modulation Stop Signal task, integrating group independent component analysis (group-ICA), multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA), and EEG source localization analysis. Consistent with previous findings, we show that stopping performance is better in congruent (nonconflicting) trials than in incongruent (conflicting) trials. Conflict effects in incongruent trials compromise stopping more due to the need for the reconfiguration of stimulus-response (S-R) mappings. These cognitive dynamics are reflected by four independent neural activity patterns (ICA), each coding representational content (MVPA). It is shown that each component was equally important in predicting behavioral outcomes. The data support an emerging idea that perception-action integration in action-stopping involves multiple independent neural activity patterns. One pattern relates to the precuneus (BA 7) and is involved in attention and early S-R processes. Of note, three other independent neural activity patterns were associated with the insular cortex (BA13) in distinct time windows. These patterns reflect a role in early attentional selection but also show the reiterated processing of representational content relevant for stopping in different S-R mapping contexts. Moreover, the insular cortex's role in automatic versus complex response selection in relation to stopping processes is shown. Overall, the insular cortex is depicted as a brain hub, crucial for response selection and cancellation across both straightforward (automatic) and complex (conditional) S-R mappings, providing a neural basis for general cognitive accounts on action control.

Biophysical Modeling of Frontocentral ERP Generation Links Circuit-Level Mechanisms of Action-Stopping to a Behavioral Race Model.

Human frontocentral event-related potentials (FC-ERPs) are ubiquitous neural correlates of cognition and control, but their generating multiscale mechanisms remain mostly unknown. We used the Human Neocortical Neurosolver's biophysical model of a canonical neocortical circuit under exogenous thalamic and cortical drive to simulate the cell and circuit mechanisms underpinning the P2, N2, and P3 features of the FC-ERP observed after Stop-Signals in the Stop-Signal task (SST; N = 234 humans, 137 female). We demonstrate that a sequence of simulated external thalamocortical and corticocortical drives can produce the FC-ERP, similar to what has been shown for primary sensory cortices. We used this model of the FC-ERP to examine likely circuit-mechanisms underlying FC-ERP features that distinguish between successful and failed action-stopping. We also tested their adherence to the predictions of the horse-race model of the SST, with specific hypotheses motivated by theoretical links between the P3 and Stop process. These simulations revealed that a difference in P3 onset between successful and failed Stops is most likely due to a later arrival of thalamocortical drive in failed Stops, rather than, for example, a difference in the effective strength of the input. In contrast, the same model predicted that early thalamocortical drives underpinning the P2 and N2 differed in both strength and timing across stopping accuracy conditions. Overall, this model generates novel testable predictions of the thalamocortical dynamics underlying FC-ERP generation during action-stopping. Moreover, it provides a detailed cellular and circuit-level interpretation that supports links between these macroscale signatures and predictions of the behavioral race model.

Experimental study on scaled-down pads for nuclear main pump thrust bearing

The lubrication performance of thrust bearings is essential for the efficient, economical, and safe operation of nuclear main pumps. In this paper, a test system for scaled-down tilting pad thrust bearings was designed and built, and the feasibility of the scaled-down scheme was verified. The test results show that: with the increase of loading force, the pressure and temperature at different measurement points gradually increase. The influence of lubricant temperature on oil film pressure under the same loading force is small. During the rotor start process, the oil film pressure shows a trend of first increasing and then gradually stabilizing, and the temperature of each pad center gradually increases. During the rotor stop process, the oil film pressure initially increases slightly and then drops sharply with the reduction of speed, while the temperature at the center of the pad gradually decreases and the rate of decrease gradually increases.

Optimizing safety barrier allocation to prevent domino effects in large-scale chemical clusters using graph theory and optimization algorithms

Domino effects are high-impact low-probability events that can have catastrophic consequences. To prevent and to reduce risks related to such events, safety barriers (SBs) are crucial. However, the initiation, propagation, and stopping processes of domino effects are characterized with complexity and uncertainties and hence they are unpredictable. This makes it challenging to allocate SBs based on predicted probabilities. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model which integrates graph theory with Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was proposed to allocate add-on SBs effectively. Graph metrics were used to quantify the escalation risks related to storage tanks and to optimize the allocation of add-on SBs, thereby minimizing the consequences of a domino effect under a budget constraint. The results of the case study demonstrate great efficiency in finding globally optimal strategies with a largest reduction of 94.3% in the out-closeness score due to the implementation of add-on SBs, allowing decision-makers to choose the most preferable investment strategy in face of domino effect risk. Our study therefore provides a novel approach to achieve an optimal allocation of add-on SBs globally and can be useful in preventing domino effects in large-scale chemical clusters equipped with a large number of storage tanks.

A hybrid approach to dynamic cognitive psychometrics

Dynamic cognitive psychometrics measures mental capacities based on the way behavior unfolds over time. It does so using models of psychological processes whose validity is grounded in research from experimental psychology and the neurosciences. However, these models can sometimes have undesirable measurement properties. We propose a “hybrid” modeling approach that achieves good measurement by blending process-based and descriptive components. We demonstrate the utility of this approach in the stop-signal paradigm, in which participants make a series of speeded choices, but occasionally are required to withhold their response when a “stop signal” occurs. The stop-signal paradigm is widely used to measure response inhibition based on a modeling framework that assumes a race between processes triggered by the choice and the stop stimuli. However, the key index of inhibition, the latency of the stop process (i.e., stop-signal reaction time), is not directly observable, and is poorly estimated when the choice and the stop runners are both modeled by psychologically realistic evidence-accumulation processes. We show that using a descriptive account of the stop process, while retaining a realistic account of the choice process, simultaneously enables good measurement of both stop-signal reaction time and the psychological factors that determine choice behavior. We show that this approach, when combined with hierarchical Bayesian estimation, is effective even in a complex choice task that requires participants to perform only a relatively modest number of test trials.

A unified account of simple and response-selective inhibition

Response inhibition is a key attribute of human executive control. Standard stop-signal tasks require countermanding a single response; the speed at which that response can be inhibited indexes the efficacy of the inhibitory control networks. However, more complex stopping tasks, where one or more components of a multi-component action are cancelled (i.e., response-selective stopping) cannot be explained by the independent-race model appropriate for the simple task (Logan and Cowan 1984). Healthy human participants (n=28; 10 male; 19–40 years) completed a response-selective stopping task where a ‘go’ stimulus required simultaneous (bimanual) button presses in response to left and right pointing green arrows. On a subset of trials (30%) one, or both, arrows turned red (constituting the stop signal) requiring that only the button-press(es) associated with red arrows be cancelled. Electromyographic recordings from both index fingers (first dorsal interosseous) permitted the assessment of both voluntary motor responses that resulted in overt button presses, and activity that was cancelled prior to an overt response (i.e., partial, or covert, responses). We propose a simultaneously inhibit and start (SIS) model that extends the independent race model and provides a highly accurate account of response-selective stopping data. Together with fine-grained EMG analysis, our model-based analysis offers converging evidence that the selective-stop signal simultaneously triggers a process that stops the bimanual response and triggers a new unimanual response corresponding to the green arrow. Our results require a reconceptualisation of response-selective stopping and offer a tractable framework for assessing such tasks in healthy and patient populations.Significance StatementResponse inhibition is a key attribute of human executive control, frequently investigated using the stop-signal task. After initiating a motor response to a go signal, a stop signal occasionally appears at a delay, requiring cancellation of the response. This has been conceptualised as a ‘race’ between the go and stop processes, with the successful (or failed) cancellation determined by which process wins the race. Here we provide a novel computational model for a complex variation of the stop-signal task, where only one component of a multicomponent action needs to be cancelled. We provide compelling muscle activation data that support our model, providing a robust and plausible framework for studying these complex inhibition tasks in both healthy and pathological cohorts.

Trajectory-dependent threshold effects of proton stopping power in LiF nanosheets.

We conducted a study on the trajectory-dependent threshold effects of proton stopping power in LiF nanosheets using time-dependent density functional theory non-adiabatically coupled to the molecular dynamics. This study covered protons with initial velocities in the range of 0.1-1.0 a.u., offering a vast amount of detailed information on the electronic structure during the stopping process with superior spatial and temporal resolution. Our results show that the impact parameters of incident protons play a crucial role in determining the threshold behavior of proton stopping power in LiF nanosheets. Most importantly, we found that close collisions do not exhibit a discernible threshold. In addition, the research results also revealed the time dependence of the number of electrons occupying the atomic orbitals of F and Li as protons pass through the nanosheets.

Determination of the noise reduction potential at bus stops through the use of hybrid and electric buses

To investigate the noise reduction potential of electric buses at bus stops, extensive microphone measurements were conducted during the stopping process of IC powered, hybrid, and all-electric buses. A number of 18 microphones were placed along the roadway at heights of 1.2 m, 3 m, and 4.5 m. The distance between the mics in the direction of travel was 6 m in each case. In the course of the measurement, 3 bus types were measured. More than 200 measurements were performed in total. The stopping maneuvers consisted of decelerating from 30 km/h and 50 km/h, staying at a fixed position, opening and closing doors, and accelerating to 30 km/h and 50 km/h, respectively. The maneuvers were performed in both directions of travel.

Transient Hydraulic Performance of a Prototype Pump during Starting and Stopping Periods

In order to meet different operational requirements, existing low specific speed centrifugal pumps may have to be run at high speeds. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the transient performance of such centrifugal pumps during high speed starting and stopping. However, there are currently no experiments on the starting and stopping of low specific speed centrifugal pumps. In this paper, transient hydraulic performance experiments during starting and stopping had been carried out on an atypical open impeller centrifugal pump with a rated flow rate of 6 m3/h using an updated test rig. The correlation of speed, flow, head and shaft power with time was obtained for four flow ratios of 0.353, 1.022, 1.654 and 2.343 operating conditions. It was found that the fluctuation of the shaft power curve was the strongest during the starting process, and there was a significant impact phenomenon. The corresponding impact shaft power from small to large flow rates were 0.167 kW, 0.409 kW, 0.234 kW and 0.215 kW, and the shaft power impact phenomenon was the most obvious under rated operating conditions. During the stopping process, the speed, flow rate and head all remain stable for a small period of time, and the time required to decrease to 0 is longer than the time required to reach a stable state during starting. During stopping, the shaft power will instantly decrease, accompanied by varying degrees of fluctuations.

Proactive cues facilitate faster action reprogramming, but not stopping, in a response-selective stop signal task

The ability to stop simple ongoing actions has been extensively studied using the stop signal task, but less is known about inhibition in more complex scenarios. Here we used a task requiring bimanual responses to go stimuli, but selective inhibition of only one of those responses following a stop signal. We assessed how proactive cues affect the nature of both the responding and stopping processes, and the well-documented stopping delay (interference effect) in the continuing action following successful stopping. In this task, estimates of the speed of inhibition based on a simple-stopping model are inappropriate, and have produced inconsistent findings about the effects of proactive control on motor inhibition. We instead used a multi-modal approach, based on improved methods of detecting and interpreting partial electromyographical responses and the recently proposed SIS (simultaneously inhibit and start) model of selective stopping behaviour. Our results provide clear and converging evidence that proactive cues reduce the stopping delay effect by slowing bimanual responses and speeding unimanual responses, with a negligible effect on the speed of the stopping process.

Towards Dependent Race Models for the Stop-Signal Paradigm

The race model for stop signal processing is based on the assumption of context independence between the go and stop process. Recent empirical evidence inconsistent with predictions of the independent race model has been interpreted as a failure of context independence. Here we demonstrate that, keeping context independence while assuming stochastic dependency between go and stop processing, one can also account for the observed violations. Several examples demonstrate how stochastically dependent race models can be derived from copulas, a rapidly developing area of statistics. The non-observability of stop signal processing time is shown to be equivalent to a well known issue in random dependent censoring.

A queuing evacuation model with yielding behavior

A new super queue model with yielding behavior is proposed to model the orderly evacuation process of young pupils in a classroom building. A super queue is composed of a super leader and several simple queues. Based on this, a leader-follower model is proposed to model the orderly behavior between pupils in a super queue, and an exclusive channel model is proposed to model the yielding behavior between super queues. Taking the evacuation of a classroom building as an example, the super queues and yielding behavior are reproduced and are very similar to the actual behavior (both qualitatively and quantitatively). Based on the model, scenarios are simulated to analyze the impacts of several factors on evacuation efficiency. The results show the following: (1) The stop-and-go effect greatly affects the overall evacuation efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary for students to maintain sufficient concentration to shorten their reaction time during the stopping and going process, thereby improving the evacuation efficiency. (2) Different yielding strategies have little impact on the overall evacuation efficiency. Therefore, in an actual evacuation case, flexible yielding strategies can be adopted in order to consider the needs of each class. (3) By optimizing evacuees’ behaviors, such as improving their reaction times, the efficiency of an evacuation with queuing and yielding can become close to that of a disordered evacuation. At the same time, due to its higher safety and easier management process, a queuing and yielding evacuation can be a safe and relatively efficient method for real evacuations.

청소년 비자살적 자해 관련 질적연구 동향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze how adolescent non-suicidal self-injury has been discussed
 and understood in domestic qualitative research by analyzing domestic qualitative research trends related to adolescent
 non-suicidal self-injury.
 Methods To this end, 18 qualitative studies related to adolescent non-suicidal self-injury were analyzed for academic
 journal papers published until December 2021. The results of analysis on the basic research matters, research
 subjects, research methods, and research topics for a total of 18 works are as follows. Qualitative research
 trends were identified by analyzing annual research subjects, research topics, and research methods for a total
 of 18 studies using a revised and supplemented reference framework after referring to previous studies and
 agreeing with researchers.
 Results First, qualitative research related to adolescent non-suicidal self-injury was first introduced in 2012, and
 it was found to increase from 2019. Second, the subjects of the study were nine studies (50%) on adolescents
 and college students, followed by early adulthood, adults, families, and counselors. Third, 11 studies (61%) explored
 the process of stopping and overcoming self-harm and maintaining experience and meaning analysis of
 self-harm, followed by 4 counselors' difficulties and countermeasures (22%), 2 self-harm youth families' experiences
 and overcoming processes (11%), and 1 public experience (6%). Fourth, the research methods were 7 phenomenological
 studies (39%), 2 grounded theories (11%), 2 case studies (11%), 3 narrative studies (17%), 2 single
 case studies (11%), and 2 consensus qualitative research methods (CQR) (11%).
 Conclusions Based on the results of this study, research and social interest in adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
 were aroused, and implications and directions for future research were suggested.

Investigation on the effect of coating properties on transient mixed lubrication of gas foil bearing

To reveal the effect of coating properties on the mixed lubrication evolution during the start–stop process of gas foil bearing (GFB), a transient gas mixed lubrication-wear model for coating surface is established. In the developed model, a method of the extended equivalent modulus by the film thickness ratio is proposed, which can extend the classic Greenwood and Tripp contact model for homogeneous materials to the coating contact involving layered materials. Moreover, a gas foil bearing start–stop experiment is conducted to verify the predicted results of the developed model. The effects of coating materials and standard deviation of coating surface on the start–stop performance of GFB are investigated. Within the scope of this article, the results show that during start-up, the gas film pressure first increases and then decreases with the increase in time, the minimum film thickness increases, while the asperity contact decreases. The opposite evolution is observed during shut-down. Compared with uncoated GFB, the friction torque and lift-off speed of GFB with polyimide (PI) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are reduced, with PI reducing friction torque by 24.27% and PTFE by 49.03%. The minimum lift-off speed with PTFE is the smallest. The lift-off speed, friction torque, and wear volume increase with the increase in the standard deviation of coating surface. The friction torque and lift-off speed decrease as the start–stop cycle increases until both reach stability. This paper can provide theoretical guidance for the design of the top foil coating surface of GFB.