Stomach Wall Research Articles

Histology and histochemistry of the stomach of an Asian schilbeid, Clupisoma garua (Hamilton)

Abstract The cellular peculiarities and histochemical nature of the stomach in the freshwater catfish Clupisoma garua (Hamilton) were explored with light microscopic analysis. The pouch shaped muscular stomach was distinguished into the anterior cardiac and posterior pyloric regions. Histologically, the wall of stomach consisted of four distinct layers of the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and very thin serosa. The mucosa contained two kinds of epithelia: the superficial epithelium lined with columnar epithelial cells and the glandular epithelium crowded with numerous gastric glands that open through gastric pits. The vascularized submucosa was made up of loose connective tissues that extended into the mucosa forming lamina propria. The well-developed muscular layer was composed of an inner thick layer of circular muscle and an outer layer of longitudinal muscle bands. The detection and localization of mucopolysaccharides, glycogen, protein, and tryptophan in the various cells bounded in the stomach were described with the feeding behavior of the fish concerned.

358. CIRCULAR STAPLER METHOD FOR AVOIDING STRICTURE OF CERVICAL ESOPHAGOGASTRIC ANASTOMOSIS, ‘NON-TENSIONING METHOD’

Abstract Background The weakness for the circular stapler technique of esophagogastric anastomosis for esophageal cancer is anastomotic stricture. This study was performed to verify the superiority of a new ‘non-tensioning method’ for avoiding stricture of the cervical esophagogastric anastomosis by circular stapling compared with the conventional method. Methods In 461 patients who underwent McKeown esophagectomy with gastric conduit (GC) reconstruction were reviewed. A GC was pulled up at the cervical site through the retrosternal route. The esophagogastrostomy site of the GC was planned as far caudally as possible on the greater curvature side. In the conventional method, the stapler was fired while pulling the GC to avoid tissue slack. In the new method, the stapler was fired through the natural thickness of the stomach wall. The blind end length was changed from 4 to 2 cm. Anastomotic stricture was compared between the two techniques, and adjustment was performed using propensity score matching. Results The conventional group comprised 315 patients, and the non-tensioning group comprised 146 patients. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 22 (7%) and 6 (4%) patients, respectively (P = 0.211) [and in 9 (3%) and 3 (2%) patients, respectively, if leakage at the blind end was excluded]. Anastomotic stricture occurred in 92 (29%) and 7 (5%) patients, respectively (P < 0.001). The propensity score-matching analysis including 134 pairs of patients confirmed a lower stricture rate in the non-tensioning than conventional group (4% vs. 27%, P < 0.001). Conclusions The non-tensioning technique, the natural thickness of the stomach wall was fired with the stapler, significantly reduced the incidence of anastomotic stricture compared with the conventional technique.

Gastric pneumatosis in a preterm infant: A case report

Background: Gastric pneumatosis is a rare condition characterized by the presence of intramural gas in the stomach wall. It is uncommon in infants and is usually caused by proximal intestinal obstruction or necrotizing enterocolitis, a serious condition typically seen in preterm babies. Case Presentation: An extremely preterm baby born at 23 weeks of gestation weighing 640 grams, with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and other comorbidities like patent ductus arteriosus, staph aureus sepsis, developed abdominal distension and non-bilious vomiting at 4 months of age. X-ray abdomen revealed gastric pneumatosis. The condition was managed with conservative measures. Conclusion: Gastric pneumatosis secondary to necrotizing enterocolitis is uncommon in infants and needs prompt evaluation and management to prevent further deterioration.

Propensity score matching analysis for clinical impact of braided-type versus laser-cut-type covered self-expandable metal stents for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy

BackgroundTo prevent stent migration during endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS), intra-scope channel release technique is important, but is unfamiliar to non-expert hands. The self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) is an additional factor to prevent stent migration. However, no comparative studies of laser-cut-type and braided-type during EUS-HGS have been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the distance between the intrahepatic bile duct and stomach wall after EUS-HGS among laser-cut-type and braided-type SEMS. MethodsTo evaluate stent anchoring function, we measured the distance between the hepatic parenchyma and stomach wall before EUS-HGS, one day after EUS-HGS, and 7 days after EUS-HGS. Also, propensity score matching was performed to create a propensity score for using laser-cut-type group and braided-type group. ResultsA total of 142 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 24 patients underwent EUS-HGS using a laser-cut-type SEMS, and 118 patients underwent EUS-HGS using a braided-type SEMS. EUS-HGS using the laser-cut-type SEMS was mainly performed by non-expert endoscopists (n = 21); EUS-HGS using braided-type SEMS was mainly performed by expert endoscopists (n = 98). The distance after 1 day was significantly shorter in the laser-cut-type group than that in the braided-type group [2.00 (1.70-3.75) vs. 6.90 (3.72-11.70) mm, P < 0.001]. In addition, this distance remained significantly shorter in the laser-cut-type group after 7 days. Although these results were similar after propensity score matching analysis, the distance between hepatic parenchyma and stomach after 7 days was increased by 4 mm compared with the distance after 1 day in the braided-type group. On the other hand, in the laser-cut-type group, the distance after 1 day and 7 days was almost the same. ConclusionsEUS-HGS using a laser-cut-type SEMS may be safe to prevent stent migration, even in non-expert hands.

Oral intake of a widely available gastrointestinal OTC medicine ‘Seirogan’ is effective for gastric anisakiasis (Anisakis food poisoning)

Gastric food poisoning due to anisakid nematodes (gastric anisakiasis) is characterized by severe stomach pain caused by the consumption of raw fish that harbors anisakid nematodes. The only effective treatment that is currently available is the endoscopic removal of nematodes penetrating the stomach wall. An in vitro study showed that the widely available over-the-counter (OTC) gastrointestinal medicine 'Seirogan' containing wood creosote kills Anisakis larvae. In addition, two cases in which the oral intake of Seirogan alleviated gastric anisakiasis symptoms have been reported. Herein, we analyzed 56 statements regarding Seirogan's efficacy against gastric anisakiasis posted on social networking sites (SNSs) in Japan. There were 33 statements (59%) that Seirogan was effective in significantly alleviating or eliminating symptoms of gastric anisakiasis, 13 comments (23%) stating that it had a slight effect, and 10 comments (18%) stating that there was no effect. These results indicate that in many cases, an oral intake of Seirogan is effective as first aid to remove or alleviate severe stomach pain due to gastric anisakiasis.

The Effectiveness of Combination Online and Offline Health Promotion on Gastritis Prevention Among Undergradute Nursing Students

Aims: Gastritis is an acute or chronic inflammation of the mucous lining of the stomach wall, and it commonly affects students with a heavy lecture load. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a combination of online and offline health promotion on the prevention of gastritis in nursing undergraduate students. Methods: This study examines the efficacy of health promotion using magnification media and leaflets for the prevention of gastritis. It employs the Cross Sectional method to assess independent and dependent variables. Using a random sample of 176 first-year students, 153 samples were divided into two groups: magnification and leaflet media. Normality tests and paired T tests are utilized to determine the impact of independent variables. Results: Show of Bivariate Analysis with Paired T Test with a sample of 153 respondents (N = 153) obtained data that T - count (21.345), T - Table (0.662) and the p.Value is (0.004) alpha value (0.05) which means there is a difference in the initial level students of Stikes Abdi Nusantara about preventing gastritis after being given education through zoom media and leaflets. Conclusions: Based on the result that 121 students had a good diet, while 21% had an adequate diet. Gastritis, caused by improper dietary habits, is more common among women. Stress levels were found to be a significant factor in gastritis incidence. Education through Zoom media and leaflets significantly improved initial-year students' knowledge of gastritis prevention.

Gastric carcinoma and peritoneal mesothelioma – a rare case of synchronous cancer. Clinical observation

Primary-multiple malignant neoplasms develop in about 9 % of cancer patients in the Russian Federation, while synchronous tumors are detected in a quarter of them, which dictates the need for a mandatory multidisciplinary approach to the choice of treatment. Localization of synchronous primary-multiple tumors in one anatomical zone requires a qualitative interpretation of instrumental diagnostic methods and morphological analysis after biopsy of each tumor. Along with this, there is a possibility of an erroneous opinion about the presence of different histological structures of the detected tumors and the data of visual assessment methods are interpreted in favor of a single disease.This paper presents a clinical observation of a rare combination of gastric adenocarcinoma and peritoneal mesothelioma. The case was discussed at a multidisciplinary consultation with the participation of a surgeon, a chemotherapist and a radiologist. Taking into account the clinical stage of gastric body cancer c T3N1M0, III stage, it was decided to conduct preoperative polychemotherapy at the first stage. Repeated diagnostic laparoscopy revealed no negative dynamics, multiple small dropouts in the peritoneum persisted. Subsequently, the operation was performed in the volume of gastrectomy, total parietal peritectomy and appendectomy without macroscopic signs of a residual tumor. It was decided to refrain from intra-abdominal chemoperfusion with hyperthermia due to the large volume of surgery and the previous 8 courses of polychemotherapy. Microscopic examination of the altered part of the stomach wall revealed residual adenocarcinoma (type according to Lauren – intestinal) with signs of therapeutic pathomorphosis G3 (according to Mandard), which had grown into the subserous layer and the fiber of the small omentum, with signs of perineural invasion, in the absence of vascular invasion; resection edges – R0. On the surface of the removed fragments of the peritoneum, various foci of malignant epithelioid mesothelioma were found. At the control examination a year later, according to computed tomography and esophagogastroduodenoscopy, there were no signs of progression, the patient’s condition was satisfactory.

STUDI KASUS: PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN AKTIVITAS TERHADAP IBU SECTIO CAESAREA DI RUMAH SAKIT TK II PUTRI HIJAU

Sectio Caesarea is an artificial childbirth in which the fetus is born trought the incision of front wall of stomach and the womb wall on condition that the womb is complete and the fetus weight is not less than 500 gram. Anesthesia is used in the operation process so that patient does not feel painfull in the surgery because the pain will cause the women in the post- caesarea to get difficulty in her daily activities which contitute her basic needs. The activities, include standing, walking, working, eating,drinking etc. When the body is healthy, respiratory system and body circulation will funcition well and body metabolism will function optimaly Method the research instrument is observation shetts and interview shetts is patients at Tk II Putri Hijau Hospital, Medan. Results In the case I the patient cannot move in the post -operation, and in the activity level3 , he is able to move by minimal aid, while in the case II , the patient encounters difficulties to move and in the activity level 2, he was able to move with aid of auxiliary apparatus. The need for physical activity is aided by early mobilization Conclusion it is concluded that the need for physical activity can be done idenpedently . Nurses should involve patients and their families in every action in order to train patients in doing their&#x0D;

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastrojejunostomy with a direct technique without previous intestinal filling using a tubular fully covered self-expandable metallic stent.

Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided gastrojejunostomy is a minimally invasive method for the management of gastric outlet obstruction. Conventionally, a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) is used to create an anastomosis. However, LAMS is expensive and not widely available. In this report, we described a tubular fully covered self-expandable metallic stent (T-FCSEMS) for this purpose. Twenty-one patients (15 men [71.4%]; median age, 66 years; range, 40-87 years) were included in this study. A total of 19 malignant (12 pancreatic, 6 gastric, and 1 metastatic rectal cancer) and 2 benign cases were observed. The proximal jejunum was punctured with a 19 G needle. The stomach and jejunum walls were dilated with a 6 F cystotome, and a 20×80 mm polytetrafluoroethylene T-FCSEMS (Hilzo) was deployed. Oral feeding was initiated after 12 to 18 hours and solid foods after 48 hours. The median procedure time was 33 minutes (range, 23-55 minutes). After two weeks, 19 patients tolerated oral feeding. In patients with malignancy, the median survival time was 118 days (range, 41-194 days). No serious complications or deaths occurred. All patients with malignancy tolerated oral food intake until they expired. T-FCSEMS is safe and effective. This stent should be considered as an alternative to LAMS for gastric outlet obstruction.

Diffeomorphic Surface Modeling for MRI-Based Characterization of Gastric Anatomy and Motility.

Gastrointestinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides rich spatiotemporal data about the movement of the food inside the stomach, but does not directly report muscular activity on the stomach wall. Here we describe a novel approach to characterize the motility of the stomach wall that drives the volumetric changes of the ingesta. A neural ordinary differential equation was optimized to model a diffeomorphic flow that ascribed the deformation of the stomach wall to a continuous biomechanical process. Driven by this diffeomorphic flow, the surface of the stomach progressively changes its shape over time, while preserving its topology and manifoldness. We tested this approach with MRI data collected from 10 rats under a lightly anesthetized condition, and demonstrated accurate characterization of gastric motor events with an error in the order of sub-millimeters. Uniquely, we characterized gastric anatomy and motility with a surface coordinate system common at both individual and group levels. Functional maps were generated to reveal the spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics of muscle activity and its coordination across different regions. The peristalsis at the distal antrum had a dominant frequency and peak-to-peak amplitude of [Formula: see text] cycles per minute and [Formula: see text] mm, respectively. The relationship between muscle thickness and gastric motility was found to be distinct between two functional regions in the proximal and distal stomach. These results demonstrate the efficacy of using MRI to model gastric anatomy and function. The proposed approach is expected to enable non-invasive and accurate mapping of gastric motility for preclinical and clinical studies.

Study of the antiulcer activity of garden cabbage extract on the chronic acetic ulcer model in rats

The aim of the study was to study the gastroprotective properties of the dry extract of garden cabbage in the model of chronic acetic ulcer in rats.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Chronic ulcerative lesions of the gastric mucosa of rats were modeled by introducing 0.05 ml of a 30 % solution of acetic acid into the subserous layer of the stomach wall. The dry extract of garden cabbage in a conditionally therapeutic dose of 50 mg/kg and reference drugs omeprazole and altan were administered intragastrically for 10 days, starting from the second day of the experiment. When choosing the duration of the course of treatment, we proceeded from the data that the effectiveness of the antiulcer action in the clinic is assessed after 10-12 days of treatment. The percentage of animals with ulcers in the group, the state of the gastric mucosa were evaluated, the ulcer index and antiulcer activity were calculated. To elucidate the possible mechanism of action of the extract, we studied its effect on synthetic processes in terms of the content of RNA and DNA in homogenates of the gastric mucosa by the spectrophotometric method by reaction with perchloric acid.&#x0D; Results. On the model of stomach damage, caused by acetic acid, a pronounced antiulcer activity of the extract (54.26) was established at the level of omeprazole (54.62). The maximum antiulcer activity (72.75) was revealed when using the combination of the extract with omeprazole, which, in terms of ulcerative effect, is superior to monotherapy with the extract, omeprazole and altan (35.08).&#x0D; Reparative regeneration is a component of an adaptive tissue reaction; under conditions of violation of the reparative potencies of the mucosa, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract develop. Since the final goal of antiulcer therapy is the healing of the ulcer, and the basis of this process is reparative regeneration, the reparative properties of the extract have been studied. Under the influence of cabbage extract, the content of RNA and DNA in the mucosa probably increased by 2.8 and 2.4 times, respectively, at the same level with omeprazole. If possible, to activate the synthetic processes of DEGC and omeprazole, altan significantly prevailed.&#x0D; The most pronounced effect of enhancing reparative processes was established with the combined use of the extract and omeprazole, which turned out to be a significant increase in the content of RNA and DNA in the gastric mucosa by 3.2 and 2.9 times compared with the control.&#x0D; Conclusions. On the model of chronic damage to the stomach of rats, cabbage extract showed an antiulcer effect, the severity of which was not inferior to the comparison drug, the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole, and significantly exceeded the phytopreparation - altan. The combined use of the extract and omeprazole showed the highest preventive effect of preventing the negative effects of acetic acid on the gastric mucosa. One of the mechanisms of the gastroprotective action of the extract is its ability to enhance reparative processes in the gastric mucosa. The results obtained indicate the prospects for further research on the antiulcer properties of cabbage extract with a view to its use in the complex therapy of peptic ulcer

Nutrition and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric disease

H. pylori is a highly prevalent bacterial infection among humans. It is considered the major etiological factor in the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. Nutritional therapy is important for the prevention of gastritis, as well as for reducing stomach irritation (irritation) in the treatment of gastritis, and it plays an important role by helping to eradicate or strengthen the stomach wall. Chronic gastritis should be diagnosed before it progresses and causes fatal diseases such as peptic ulcer or cancer, and it should be treated with both a healthy diet and appropriate medications.

Histological patterns of the stomach of Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect

Pig breeding is currently a fairly promising industry that is able to ensure the food security of citizens in the Russian Federation with meat, bacon and bacon products. By nature, the stomach of pigs is classified as a mixed type (esophageal-intestinal), and therefore there is a special interest in studying the histological structure of the stomach in newborn piglets. The purpose of our study is to study the histological patterns of the stomach wall of Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect, to clarify morphometric indicators and to characterize histostructures. As a result of the study, two age groups of piglets were used: newborn one-day-old piglets and 28-30 days of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The histological method was used for the study. According to the results of the study, it was found that the stomach wall of Yorkshire piglets of two age groups is represented by three membranes: the mucosa, which borders on the submucosal base; muscle and serous membranes. The mucous membrane is represented by simple weakly branching tubular glands formed by the main, lining and accessory cells. At the age of 30 days, mucus-producing cells in the cardiac department were detected mainly in the deep parts of the mucosa, in the fundal they showed weak secretory activity throughout the branching tubular glands, and in the pyloric, as in the cardiac department, they were most often found in deep areas of the mucous membrane. Numerous nerve plexuses and ganglia were observed between the circular and longitudinal layers of smooth musculature in the thickness of the muscle membranes, occurring both in a oneday-old animal and at the age of 30 days. The serous lining of the stomach had a typical structure, was represented by loose connective tissue covered with mesothelium.

Gastric Subepithelial Tumor Diagnosed by Transabdominal Ultrasonography

Endoscopic ultrasonography is usually used in the diagnosis of subepithelial tumors but requires special equipment and expertise, which can be obstacles in some clinics. Transabdominal ultrasonography is an easily available diagnostic tool for diagnosing gastric subepithelial tumors. Hydroultrasonography can depict all five layers of the stomach wall. On ultrasonography, the gastric lipoma is recognized as a well demarcated hyperechoic mass mainly located in the submucosal layer. The ectopic pancreas is recognized as a well-demarcated, oval, heterogeneous, hypoechoic mass mainly located in the mucosal and submucosal layers. We diagnosed a lipoma and ectopic pancreas via abdominal ultrasonography after the patient drank water.

Aberrant pancreas in pediatric practice

Purpose of the study. Based on their own clinical observation, improve the diagnosis of the aberrant pancreas in children.Materials and methods. The study of the modern scientifi c literary data on the aberrant pancreas. The analysis of own clinical observation data.Results. Ectopia of the pancreas into the stomach wall is a rare pancreatic abnormality in childhood. Pathology has no pathognomonic symptoms. The presence of the aberrant pancreas in the gastroduodenal zone contributes to the development of morphofunctional changes in the gastric and duodenal mucosa, up to metaplasia of the gastric epithelium.Conclusions. Given the possibility of complications even in childhood, patients with this defect require dynamic observation of a pediatrician, gastroenterologist and pediatric surgeon.

Gastric Tuberculosis Mimicking Cancer Manifestations in Peru

Tuberculosis is a high-incidence public health problem in Peru. In our context, Tuberculosis is seen commonly as a pulmonary infection. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis as gastric is rare, both as a primary or secondary infection, with just a few case reports published about these kinds of presentations. This case report presents a 44-year-old female patient with weight loss, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain. Upper endoscopy reveals antral polypoid masses and a gastric ulcer. Abdominal CT shows lymph nodes and stomach wall thickening. Biopsies results were negative for malignancy and positive for granulomas. Sputum acid-fast bacilli smear on microscopic examination was positive. Coexistent pulmonary, gastric tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus infection mimicking gastric cancer were confirmed. We will present this case in detail below.

Dose calculation in nuclear medicine for internal organs using Gamos NMGUI software

Accurately calculating the dose for patients in cancer treatment is a crucial task. Currently, there are many methods as well as simulation software for dose calculation, most of which have certain limitations in terms of flexibility, ease of use, and error in organ’s borders when calculating the dose at voxel level using the traditional Monte Carlo method. However, GAMOS developers have implemented an application specifically for nuclear medicine dosimetry - Gamos NMGUI. This software simplifies the dose calculation process with just a few buttons. The addition of the “parallel geometry” utility eliminates error at the boundaries, resulting in more optimal dosesfor patients. The results of the S values for the ICRP phantoms with Gamos NMGUI show a good agreement with the results calculated by Stephanie Lamart et al. The doses for the boundaries of some organs (Gallbladder Wall, Stomach Wall, Heart Wall, Urinary Bladder Wall) calculated by the “parallel geometry” method has deviations of up to 26% (heart wall) when compared with the traditional MC method. This shows the need to improve the dose calculation by using the parallel geometry technique. In summary, Gamos NMGUI is a convenient, simple but highly effective dose software.

Endoscopic resection of gastric glomus tumor: a case report and literature review

Abstract Objectives Gastric glomus tumor (GGT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor, mostly located in the gastric antrum region, and occasionally displays malignant behavior. Due to the lack of typical endoscopic or clinical features that distinguish GGT from other gastric submucosal tumors, the diagnosis is based primarily on postoperative histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. The first-line treatment is either local laparoscopic resection or open surgical intervention. Endoscopic resection techniques can also be used to successfully treat such lesions. Case presentation This case report presented a 39-year-old woman suffering from anorexia for the past 15 days. Barium upper gastrointestinal radiography suggested a benign space-occupying lesion in the antrum region. Endoscopically, a non-ulcerative, smooth submucosal lesion was observed in the greater curvature of the antrum. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination revealed a hypoechoic lesion with an anechoic zone in the center, originating from the muscularis propria layer of the stomach wall, which could be a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Conclusions The lesion was successfully removed via submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER). Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, the patient was diagnosed with GGT.

First Record of the Parasitic Nematode Anisakis simplex in the Intestine and Gonads of Dentex macrophthamus off Syrian Marine Waters

This study aimed to investigate the infection of internal parasites of Dentex macrophthalmus in Syrian marine coastal waters. A total of 409 individuals were collected from Ras Al-Basit in the north to Tartus in the south, from the following research stations: Ras Al-Basit, different areas along the Lattakia beach, Jableh, and Tartous, during the period from January 2019 to December 2020.&#x0D; The internal organs (stomach, intestine, and body cavity) of all fish specimens were examined to detect infection with internal parasites. The third-stage larvae of the parasite Anisakis simplex, which belongs to the nematode worms, was isolated from the stomach and gonad walls of D. macrophthalmus. The number of fish infected with this worm reached 53 out of 409 fish individuals studied, with an infection rate of 12.96% and an infection intensity of 2.70 parasites per fish.&#x0D; This study represents the first record of Anisakis simplex isolated from the abdominal cavity of D. macrophthalmus in Syrian marine waters.

StomachSim: An in-silico simulator of gastric biomechanics with application to pyloroplasty

Aim: We have developed StomachSim, an in-silico simulator that is designed to simulate the biomechanics and fluid mechanics of a wide range of gastric conditions as well as gastric surgical procedures. Here we demonstrate its use in quantifying the effects of motility disorders and pyloroplasty on the hydrolysis and emptying of a liquid meal inside the stomach. Methods: A physiologically realistic model of the stomach, including the antral motility, is synthesized based on in-vivo imaging, and the mixing and gastric emptying are simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The enzymatic biochemistry for protein hydrolysis is also implemented by incorporating the secretion of a proteolytic enzyme from the proximal stomach walls and the subsequent enzymatic reaction with the protein dissolved in the liquid meal. Using this model, we measured the effect of stomach motility and the diameter of the pyloric orifice on the retropulsive and pyloric jets, the rate of hydrolysis in different regions, and the emptying of gastric contents. Results: This study presents a proof-of-concept for the application of StomachSim in gastric disorders and surgeries. The emptying rate of our model for the healthy case agreed with the in-vivo measurements of similar caloric density liquid meals. A stomach with a 50% lower motility amplitude had a 35% lower net emptying rate and a 41% lower emptying rate of the hydrolyzed protein. Furthermore, the emptying rate showed a non-linear variation with respect to the motility of the stomach. For a simulated pyloroplasty procedure where the pyloric orifice diameter is doubled and the orifice stays open permanently, the emptying rate of the lower motility case doubled over its original value. Conclusion: StomachSim offers a novel and potentially effective modality for examining the effect of gastric conditions and gastric surgical procedures on gastric function. Our simulations show that gastroparesis and pyloroplasty not only affect the emptying rate but also alter the mixing of contents thereby changing the rate of hydrolysis. The model helped quantify the changes in the flow of contents in the antro-duodenal region for varying degrees of gastroparesis and pyloroplasty. The authors acknowledge support from NSF award CBET 2019405 and NIH award 1R21GM139073-01. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.