Gastric Disorders Research Articles

D-Carvone inhibits the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and inducedthe apoptotic cell death in the human gastric cancer AGS cells.

Globally, gastric cancer is one of the leading causeof death. Surgical and chemotherapy constitute an important treatment regimen. Unfortunately, less than 20 persons out of 100 patients are live on almost 5 years. Hence, anontoxic, effective and significantly enhancing novel therapeutic agent is required. d-Carvone is a natural terpenoid present in the essential oils and abundant in the seeds of caraway, as well asknownfolk medicationfor diarrhea, acidity, and other gastric disorders. Nevertheless, the role of d-carvone on gastric cancer and its underlying molecular mechanism resides enigmatic. Cells were treated with d-carvone to find out the IC50 by MTT assay. This study showsthat 20 and 25 μM d-carvone has induced the reactive oxygen speciesproduction and mitochondrial membrane potential in gastric cancer AGS cells, which were evaluated by 2,7-dichlorofluoresceindiacetateand Rh123 staining methods, respectively. The effect of d-carvone against the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)pathway was studied through immunoblotting. Then, we found that iteffectively inhibited the proliferation of cell, and the induction of cell apoptosis was scrutinized by dual, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, and also propidiumiodide staining methods. We also explored the fundamental molecular signaling mechanism of the d-carvone and our data depicts that d-carvone induced apoptosis cell death by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and downregulation of the and JAK and STAT3 signaling molecules. These overall findings supportthat the d-carvone inhibits the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway and induces cell death in the gastric cancer AGS cells.

Valuable wisdom in the Himalayas: ITKs in bullock rearing

Rural community has been utilising natural herbs for treatment of health disorders since time immemorial. The indigenous wisdom possessed by them is of immense importance that must be documented and conserved for future use unless it gets lost or endangered with time. Himalayan region is home to a number of medicinal plant species that are used for treatment of humans as well as the domestic animals. Present study was carried out in the state of Uttarakhand to document various ethno veterinary practices followed in the treatment of bullocks which form the backbone of hill agriculture. Data was collected in 2017-18 from 240 farmers randomly selected from four districts through a semi structured schedule. Study revealed that the respondents were using 36 plant species (mainly herbs 52.77%) in combination with household items and other resources in different formulations (decoction, drink, balls, powder, chutney, etc.) to treat their bullocks. The study revealed that carom seeds, Nettle and Cumin had the highest use value (UV) of 1.00, 0.99 and 0.98 respectively. Identified ethno veterinary practices were being used for different health issues mainly, injury (external and internal), stomach disorders, poisoning, muscular pain, FMD, fever, infection, burns, etc

B-Mode and Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography Features of Gastric Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases in Dogs.

Simple SummaryCanine gastric disorders are common in veterinary clinical practice and among these neoplasms require rapid identification and characterization. Standard ultrasonography is the imaging modality of choice for gastric wall assessment. The aim of this prospective study is to describe the specific B-mode and contrast enhanced ultrasound features of normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic gastric diseases in dogs. Standard and contrast enhanced ultrasound of the stomach were performed in anesthetized dogs with or without gastric disorders. Gastric wall qualitative and quantitative parameters were evaluated. A total of 41 dogs were included: 6 healthy as the control group; 9 gastritis; 8 adenocarcinoma; 8 alimentary lymphoma; 4 leiomyosarcoma; 2 gastrointestinal stromal tumor; 2 leiomyoma; 1 undifferentiated sarcoma; 1 metastatic gastric hemangiosarcoma. Gastric tumors appear as a marked thickening with absent layers definition and possible regional lymphadenopathy and steatitis while gastritis generally shows no/mild thickening and no other alterations on standard ultrasound. During contrast—enhanced ultrasonography, neoplasms show a higher and faster wash in if compared to that of gastritis. B-mode and contrast enhanced ultrasound assessment may be useful in the evaluation of canine gastric disorders for the distinction between gastritis and gastric neoplasms, even if there are no specific aspects able to discriminate between different tumors types.Canine gastric disorders are common in veterinary clinical practice and among these neoplasms require rapid identification and characterization. Standard ultrasound (US) is the imaging modality of choice for gastric wall assessment. The aim of this prospective study is to describe the specific B-mode and contrast enhanced US (CEUS) features of normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic gastric wall in dogs. B-mode US and CEUS of the stomach were performed in anesthetized dogs with or without gastric disorders. Gastric wall qualitative and quantitative parameters were evaluated on B-mode US and CEUS examination. A total of 41 dogs were included: 6 healthy (HEA) as the control group; 9 gastritis (INF); 8 adenocarcinoma (AC); 8 alimentary lymphoma (AL); 4 leiomyosarcoma (LEIS); 2 gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST); 2 leiomyoma; 1 undifferentiated sarcoma; 1 metastatic gastric hemangiosarcoma. Gastric tumors appear as a marked wall thickness with absent layers definition and possible regional lymphadenopathy (AC and AL) and steatitis (AC) while gastritis generally shows no/mild thickening and no other alterations on B-mode US. On CEUS, neoplasm shows a higher and faster wash in if compared to that of gastritis. B-mode and CEUS assessment may be useful in the evaluation of canine gastric disorders in the distinction between gastritis and gastric neoplasms, even if there are no specific features able to discriminate between the different tumor histotypes.

Interruption of Helicobacter pylori-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Chalcone Derivatives.

Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastritis through cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and flagellin as pathogen-related molecular patterns (PAMPs), which, in combination with the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of host cells promotes the expression and secretion of inflammation-causing cytokines and activates innate immune responses such as inflammasomes. To identify useful compounds against H. pylori-associated gastric disorders, the effect of chalcone derivatives to activate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was examined in an H. pylori-infected human monocytic THP-1 cell line in this study. Among the five synthetic structurally-related chalcone derivatives examined, 2’-hydroxy-4’,6’-dimethoxychalcone (8) and 2’-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxychalcone (12) strongly blocked the NLRP3 inflammasome in H. pylori-infected THP-1 cells. At 10 μM, these compounds inhibited the production of active IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) oligomerization, but did not affect the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC, and pro-caspase-1. The interruption of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by these compounds was found to be mediated via the inhibition of the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4)/IκBα/NF-κB signaling pathway. These compounds also inhibited caspase-4 production associated with non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These results show for the first time that certain chalcones could interrupt the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in H. pylori-infected THP-1 cells. Therefore, these chalcones may be helpful in alleviating H. pylori-related inflammatory disorders including chronic gastritis.

Gastrectomy for gastroparesis: when and how

: Gastroparesis is a chronic and debilitating gastric motility disorder characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. The disease is frequently refractory to medical therapies, and multiple surgical options exist to treat medically refractory gastroparesis. However, a formal management algorithm has yet to be agreed upon. Furthermore, the best utilization and approach for the most extreme surgical option, gastrectomy, continues to be debated. This review article presents our surgical treatment algorithm and provides an overview of the literature surrounding various surgical options currently used in practice including gastric electrical stimulation, pyloroplasty, per-oral pyloromyotomy (POP), enteral feeding tubes, and sleeve gastrectomy. We additionally take a deeper look at the end of the line surgical therapy, gastrectomy, in an attempt to answer the question of when and how this definitive surgery should be utilized. While a gastrectomy is an extreme surgical treatment modality, for patients who fail less invasive surgical measures, gastrectomy often has favorable results in controlling symptoms and improving patients’ quality of life with an acceptable morbidity rate. However, gastrectomy should only be considered after exhausting all organ-sparing options. While there is no “one size fits all” surgical treatment modality for refractory gastroparesis, our recommendation for a definitive operation for medically refractory gastroparesis is a laparoscopic or robotic subtotal gastrectomy with a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy reconstruction.

The protective effects of Ziziphora tenuior L. against chlorpyrifos induced toxicity: Involvement of inflammatory and cell death signaling pathways

Ethnopharmacological relevanceZiziphora tenuior L. is used as a medicinal plant in treatment of various diseases such as gastric disorders, stomach ache, dysentery, uterus infection, gut inflammation and menstruation. Aim of the study: In the present study, the protective effects of Ziziphora tenuior extract against chlorpyrifos (CPF), the most commonly or popularly used insecticide in Asia and Africa were investigated in liver and lung tissues with emphasis in apoptotic and inflammatory pathways in rat model. Materials and methods: The experiments were performed by gavage of male rats for 8 weeks. The extract of Z. tenuior was administrated at three different doses (40, 80, 160 mg/kg). 6.75 mg/kg CPF was administrated as the maximum tolerable dose based on our previous study. Results: Our data indicated that CPF can increase the expression of some inflammatory genes (IL-6, TLR-2, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NLPR3) and apoptosis genes (Caspase 3, Caspase 9, Caspase 8 and Bax). On the other hand, it can down regulate Bcl-2 gene expression. Post-treatment of Z. tenuior extract in CPF- treated rats showed significant decrease in apoptotic and inflammatory gene expression in the liver and lung due to its anti-apoptotic effects which confirmed by Bcl-2 gene overexpression. Conclusion: The present study suggested that Z. tenuior extract, as a traditional treatment can be able to moderate CPF toxicity via significant effect on inflammatory and apoptotic cell death signaling pathway. Also, based on our preliminary data, it is suggested that Z. tenuior extract can prevent the adverse effects of CPF in liver and lung tissues.

DESIGN, OPTIMIZATION & IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF SODIUM ALGINATE BASED IN-SITU GEL OF RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN ULCER TREATMENT

Peptic ulcer, it is the most common type of stomach disease, according to the American Gastroenterology Association. “We know that ulcers occur because there has been a disruption in the balance of factors that injure the digestive tract and those factors that protect it from injury,” The present investigation deal with the formulation, optimization and evaluation of sodium alginate based in situ gel of ranitidine hydrochloride (R-HCl) in ulcer treatment. The in-situ formulation are homogenous liquid when administration orally and become gel at the contact site. The evaluation of the formulation is dependent upon accurate results obtained by analytical method used during the study. Accurate results require the use of standard and a calibration procedure. Hence, standard plots of Ranitidine hydrochloride were prepared in (0.1N HCL, pH 1.2) solutions. Two, sodium alginate and calcium carbonate used as a polymer and cross-linking agent respectively in the formulation of in-situ gel. From the IR studies it may be concluded that the drug and carriers used undergo physical interaction there is no chemical change, and thus the gelling agent, cross-linking agent and other excipient is suitable for formulation of in-situ gel of ranitidine hydrochloride. Indicate that the formulation, DKF9 which was prepared by the Sodium alginate (2 gm) with Ranitidine Hydrochloride showed minimum drug release (sustained drug release) after 8 hrs. It can be concluded that the In-situ gel was beneficial for delivering the drug which needs sustained release to achieve the slow action.
 Keywords: In-situ gel, Peptic Ulcer, Ranitidine Hydrochloride (R-HCl), Sodium alginate.

Profiling of Steroid Metabolic Pathways in Human Plasma by GC-MS/MS Combined with Microwave-Assisted Derivatization for Diagnosis of Gastric Disorders.

Steroid hormones are associated in depth to cellular signaling, inflammatory immune responses, and reproductive functions, and their metabolism alterations incur various diseases. In particular, quantitative profiling of steroids in plasma of patients with gastric cancer can provide a vast information to understand development of gastric cancer, since both sex hormones and glucocorticoids might be correlated with the pathological mechanisms of gastric cancer. Here, we developed a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (GC-MS/MS-dMRM) method combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) and microwave-assisted derivatization (MAD) to determine 20 endogenous steroids in human plasma. In this study, MAD conditions were optimized with respect to irradiation power and time. The SPE enabled effective cleanup and extraction for profiling of steroid hormones in human plasma samples. The MAD could improve laborious and time-consuming derivatization procedure, since dielectric heating using microwave directly increase molecular energy of reactants by penetrating through medium. Furthermore, dMRM method provided more sensitive determination of 20 steroids, compared to traditional MRM detection. The limits of quantification of steroids were below 1.125 ng/mL and determination coefficients of calibration curves were higher than 0.9925. Overall precision and accuracy results were below 19.93% and within ±17.04%, respectively. The developed method provided sufficient detection sensitivities and reliable quantification results. The established method was successfully applied to profile steroid metabolism pathways in plasma of patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric cancer. Statistical significances of steroid plasma levels between gastric disorder groups were investigated. In conclusion, this method provided comprehensive profiling of 20 steroids in human plasma samples and will be helpful to discover potential biomarkers for the development of gastric cancer and to further understand metabolic syndrome.

To control floating drug delivery system in a simulated gastric environment by adjusting the Shell layer formulation

BackgroundGastroretentive drug delivery system (GDDS) are novel systems that have been recently developed for treating stomach diseases. The key function of all GDDS systems is to control the retention time in the stomach. However, research into the bulk density or entanglement of polymers, especially regarding their effects on drug float and release times, is scarce.MethodsIn this research, we prepared the floating core-shell beads carrying tetracycline. The ratio of chitosan and xanthan gum in the shell layer was changed to modify polymer compactness. Tetracycline was encapsulated in the alginate core.ResultsUsing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, we observed that the shell formulation did not change the bead morphology. The cross-sectional images showed that the beads were highly porous. The interaction between anionic xanthan gum and cationic chitosan made the shell layer dense, resisting to the mass transfer in the shell layer. Due to the high mass transfer resistance to water penetration, the longer float and delivery time were caused by the dense surface of the beads. The cell culture demonstrated that floating core-shell beads were biocompatible. Importantly, the beads with tetracycline showed a significant prolonged anti-bacterial effect.ConclusionResearch results proved that the floating and releasing progress of core-shell beads can be well controlled by adjusting the shell layer formulation that could promote the function of gastroretentive drugs.

Exploration on acupoint selection rules of ancient acupuncture for chronic gastritis based on data mining: 基于数据挖掘探析慢性胃炎古代针灸选穴规律

ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of ancient acupuncture physicians in acupoint combination with meridians and body regions involved in treatment of chronic gastritis through data mining technology so as to provide the evidences for the clinical application of acupuncture for chronic gastritis in the modern time. MethodsFirstly, the ancient literature (database), searching words, inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined. Secondly, the database was organized through computer and manual retrieval. Finally, using data mining techniques, such as frequency analysis and association analysis, the experiences of ancient acupuncture physicians were explored in meridian selection and acupoint combination in treatment of chronic gastritis. ResultsA total of 2243 items in compliance with the relevant requirements were included, covering 224 acupoints for the treatment of chronic gastritis. Of them, the involved meridians were closely related to the stomach, especially to bladder, spleen and stomach meridians as well as Conception Vessel. The acupoints selected not only focus on the local acupoints related to lesions, but also on the distal ones, especially those located in the lower limbs. The most common acupoints for any symptom were Zúsānlĭ (足三里 ST36), Nèiguān (内关PC6), Zhōngwăn (中脘CV12), Gōngsūn (公孙SP4) and Tàibái (太白SP3). For epigastric pain, Liángmén (梁门ST21) and Xiàngŭ (陷谷ST43) were the representatives as the combination of acupoints from the same meridian. For the disorders with upward reversion of qi, PC6 and SP4 were generally combined. Among the specific points, the five-shu points were the most common, followed by the front-mu points. In the combination with the specific points involved, PC4 and SP4 were highly associated. The acupoint combination was particular for each category of main symptoms. ConclusionIn treatment of chronic gastritis with acupuncture, the ancient physicians give the great consideration to symptom differentiation and meridian differentiation relevant with gastric disorders, as well as the combination of the distal and nearby acupoints. Besides, the specific points are of the best choice.

Assessing the Relationship between Helicobacter pylori and Chronic Kidney Disease.

The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and/or gastric disorders and chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not been elucidated. We investigated the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and/or atrophic gastritis (AG) and chronic kidney disease. In total, 3560 participants (1127 men and 2433 women) were eligible for this cross-sectional study. We divided participants into four study groups: with/without Helicobacter pylori infection and with/without AG. The HP (+) AG (−) group demonstrated a significant association with CKD compared with the HP (−) AG (−) group (adjusted odds ratio, 1.443; 95% confidence interval, 1.047–1.989). In contrast, the HP (+) AG (+) group showed significantly lower adjusted odds of CKD than the HP (−) AG (−) group (adjusted odds ratio, 0.608; 95% confidence interval, 0.402–0.920). H. pylori infection without AG might be associated with CKD in these participants. Conversely, the HP (+) AG (+) group had lower odds of CKD. Uncovering an association between gastric and renal conditions could lead to development of new treatment strategies.

Functional Dyspepsia and Gastroparesis in Tertiary Care are Interchangeable Syndromes With Common Clinical and Pathologic Features

The aim of this study was to clarify the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia (FD), a highly prevalent gastrointestinal syndrome, and its relationship with the better-understood syndrome of gastroparesis. Adult patients with chronic upper gastrointestinal symptoms were followed up prospectively for 48 weeks in multi-center registry studies. Patients were classified as having gastroparesis if gastric emptying was delayed; if not, they were labeled as having FD if they met Rome III criteria. Study analysis was conducted using analysis of covariance and regression models. Of 944 patients enrolled during a 12-year period, 720 (76%) were in the gastroparesis group and 224 (24%) in the FD group. Baseline clinical characteristics and severity of upper gastrointestinal symptoms were highly similar. The 48-week clinical outcome was also similar but at this time 42% of patients with an initial diagnosis of gastroparesis were reclassified as FD based on gastric-emptying results at this time point; conversely, 37% of patients with FD were reclassified as having gastroparesis. Change in either direction was not associated with any difference in symptom severity changes. Full-thickness biopsies of the stomach showed loss of interstitial cells of Cajal and CD206+ macrophages in both groups compared with obese controls. A year after initial classification, patients with FD and gastroparesis, as seen in tertiary referral centers at least, are not distinguishable based on clinical and pathologic features or based on assessment of gastric emptying. Gastric-emptying results are labile and do not reliably capture the pathophysiology of clinical symptoms in either condition. FD and gastroparesis are unified by characteristic pathologic features and should be considered as part of the same spectrum of truly "organic" gastric neuromuscular disorders. CLINICALTRIALS. NCT00398801, NCT01696747.

Analysis of the Effect of Health Management of Chronic Diseases and Metabolic Disorders under the Guidance of B-Ultrasound.

Chronic diseases are diseases with insidious onset, prolonged duration, and intractability and are associated with complex etiology and multiple morbidities, including hypertension, obesity, liver disease, kidney disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease. For patients with chronic diseases, although the cause of the disease is not in the spleen and stomach, medication or further development of the disease will affect the function of the spleen and stomach disorders, leading to worsening of the disease. In this article, ultrasound is used to detect health disorders of the spleen and stomach. Patients should eat a light diet and exercise more. Elderly patients can increase abdominal massage and other health care. It should be emphasized that the prevalence of chronic diseases is not lower in people with high education or high economic income but is closely related to people's daily living habits; secondly, we should enhance physical exercise and advocate annual physical examination. Finally, we need to develop different measures according to different regions to prevent and treat chronic diseases and give timely feedback to the interventions. New preventive and curative measures are given in time to improve public health.

Heterogeneity of Helicobacter pylori Strains Isolated from Patients with Gastric Disorders in Guiyang, China.

PurposeChronic Helicobacter pylori infection causes peptic ulcers in a subpopulation of individuals and is a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Multiple infections and heteroresistant H. pylori contribute to poor treatment efficacy. Here, we investigated the extent of genetic diversity among H. pylori strains within a given host and its influence on the results of antibiotic (metronidazole, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline) susceptibility testing.Materials and MethodsGastric mucosa biopsy samples were obtained from patients with gastric disorders, including 48 H. pylori positive patients, who were never previously treated for H. pylori infection. Five potential H. pylori colonies isolated from each sample were subcultured for enrichment. Enriched H. pylori colonies were identified through Gram staining and assays for urease, oxidase, and catalase. For each H. pylori monoclonal colony, the antibiotic susceptibility was assessed, genomic DNA was sequenced, and the cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) genotype was verified. Co-infection with multiple H. pylori strains was determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsThirteen gastric mucosa biopsy samples were positive for H. pylori. Five monoclonal strains isolated from each of these 13 patients were identified as H. pylori. RAPD-PCR indicated that intra-patient monoclonal strains of H. pylori in 10 of the 13 samples exhibited heterogeneity. Among the 13 patients, intra-patient monoclonal strains isolated from 4 patients had identical cagA genotype, whereas intra-patient monoclonal strains isolated from the other 9 patients harbored more than one cagA genotype. The antibiotic susceptibility of five intra-patient monoclonal strains from seven patients was inconsistent.ConclusionThe existence of heterogeneous H. pylori strains with resistance to different drugs and virulence were common within the gastric mucosa of an individual patient.

Levothyroxine Therapy in Gastric Malabsorptive Disorders.

Oral levothyroxine sodium is absorbed in the small intestine, mainly in the jejunum and the ileum being lower the absorption rate at duodenal level. The time interval between the ingestion of oral thyroxine and its appearance in the plasma renders unlike a gastric absorption of the hormone. However, several evidence confirm the key role of the stomach as a prerequisite for an efficient absorption of oral levothyroxine. In the stomach, in fact, occur key steps leading to the dissolution of thyroxine from the solid form, the process bringing the active ingredient from the pharmaceutical preparation to the aqueous solution. In particular, gastric juice pH, volume, viscosity, as well as gastric emptying time seem to be the most important limiting factors. These hypotheses are confirmed by the detection of an increased need for levothyroxine in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic atrophic gastritis, gastroparesis, or in simultaneous treatment with drugs interfering with gastric acidic output. The aim of the present article is to focus on the knowledge of pathophysiologic events that determine the absorptive fate of traditional (tablet) and alternative thyroxine preparations (softgel capsule and liquid solution) in patients bearing gastric disorders.

Construction of "One Syndrome and One Product” specialized ward in the Department of Spleen and Stomach Disease and it effect on the promotion of patients experience of hospitalization

Construction of "One Syndrome and One Product” specialized ward in the Department of Spleen and Stomach Disease and it effect on the promotion of patients experience of hospitalization

Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Saponaria officinalis L.: A review

Saponaria officinalis is an important medicinal plant cultivated in different parts of the globe for its beautiful flowers. Species is commonly known as soapwort. Central Europe is considered as native place for the species and has been introduced in Northern Asia, West Asia, Northern Europe and America. Plant of the species are perennial, stem erect, branched, leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, inflorescence dense cymes, calyx green or reddish, often cleft, petals pink to white, fruit capsules, seeds tuberculate-reniform and numerous per fruit. Indigenous people of different parts of the world use this species to cure various ailments. Traditionally roots of the species have been used as urine remover. It is also used for cough, bronchitis, stomach disorders, bone deformations, rheumatism, pimples, skin diseases, bile disorders, liver problems and respiratory system diseases. The leaves were rubbed on the skin as a repellent and also used as sanitizer, diuretic and in liver diseases. Saporins are ribosome inhibitory proteins and play important role for anticancer properties. Different types of saponins are synthesized by the species exhibit anticancer, antimicrobial, insecticidal and antioxidant properties. The present review is focused on the traditional medicinal uses of species along with phytochemical and pharmacological studies. This review will provide a ground for future research of the species.

Recovery of Capsaicinoids and Other Phytochemicals Involved With TRPV-1 Receptor to Re-valorize Chili Pepper Waste and Produce Nutraceuticals

The hot chili pepper industry represents one of the most important staple foods in Mexico and many Asian countries. Nowadays, large amounts of waste materials are produced from the pepper supply chain that could be used as a source to obtain nutraceuticals. Among the most common and important bioactive compounds contained in pepper residues are the capsaicinoids, which are the responsible of the pungency of the pepper. Capsaicinoids, mainly capsaicin, may ameliorate obesity, gastric disorder, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, rhinitis, asthma, immune system diseases, and important viral diseases as the recent COVID-19. The aim of this review is to review the industrial process for the extraction of capsaicinoids ingredients from pepper residues and to examine the relation of the capsaicin and other chili pepper phytochemicals to prevent and treat chronic diseases explained through the key role of the TRPV1 receptor. The extraction and incorporation of these compounds into nutraceutical formulations depend mainly on the development of new methods to improve not only the yield of a particular compound but the validation of the bioactivity and phytochemical characterization.

Laparoscopic-Assisted Longitudinal Incision and Transverse Anastomosis: A Novel Surgical Approach for Treatment of Esophageal Stenosis Caused by Tracheobronchial Remnants.

Purpose: To review the treatment of lower congenital esophageal stenosis caused by tracheobronchial remnants (TBR) and to introduce a novel technical approach through laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Patients with TBR who underwent surgery in our single-center from January 2016 to December 2019 were enrolled. Resection of cartilage with stenotic esophageal segment and end-to-end anastomosis was the traditional surgery. Since 2018, longitudinal incision with partial resection of cartilage loop in the anterior esophageal wall and the transverse suture was conducted endoscopically. We reviewed the treatment, followed-up with these patients, and discussed the new procedure's preponderance. Main Results: Thirteen patients underwent surgery and were followed-up for 0.5-45 months (M = 13) after surgery. Twelve patients showed good physical development with a regular diet. One patient, who was 2 weeks after the surgery, was fed by a soft diet and regularly followed-up at our clinic. In 13 cases, five patients underwent traditional laparotomy with pyloroplasty. Two patients who went through anastomotic leakage were cured by drainage and conservative treatments. Anastomotic stricture that occurred in two cases was improved by one-time of dilation. The administration time of parenteral nutrition (PN) was 9.0 ± 1.4 days. The length of hospitalization was 36.6 ± 5.2 days. Eight cases underwent the new surgical approach through laparoscopy or thoracoscopy. Pyloroplasty was avoided since the vagal close to the posterior wall of the esophagus was protected. Gastric motility disorder did not occur as expected. No leakage occurred postoperatively. The anastomotic stricture was found in six cases and improved after one to five times of dilations. The length of hospitalization dropped to 18.6 ± 6.9 days significantly (P < .001). Conclusions: Longitudinal incision and transverse anastomosis of the anterior wall of the esophagus with partial resection of cartilage without pyloroplasty through endoscopy is a novel practical surgical approach to treat patients with TBR.

Клиническое наблюдение пациента с изолированным поражением желудка при болезни Крона

Crohn’s disease of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum is extremely rare and characterized by an aggressive disease course with a poor prognosis. Clinical symptoms of the upper gastrointestinal tract lesion are nonspecific, therefore esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy is necessary for the differential diagnosis. Crohn’s disease of the stomach is characterized by a specific endoscopic finding – bamboo-joint-like appearance of gastric folds. Granulomatous inflammation in morphological examination of gastric biopsies in patients with Crohn’s disease is rare, therefore endoscopic finding is more pathognomonic. This article presents a clinical case of a patient with isolated Crohn’s disease of stomach, differential diagnosis and treatment approaches of the disease. Key words: Crohn’s disease, Crohn’s disease with lesions of the stomach, gastroprotective agents, proton pump inhibitors, endoscopic sonography