Gastric Disorders Research Articles

BOLDO E SEUS BENEFÍCIOS EM DOENÇAS GASTROINTESTINAIS

The present work sought to collect information about the knowledge and use of the boldo (Peumus boldus Molina), the World Health Organization reveals that 85% of the world's people use medicinal plants to treat diseases Ethnobotanical studies characterize local realities focusing on the interactions of human societies and the available plant resources. In the Northeast of Brazil, the use of medicinal plants as a therapeutic practice is a constant practice, which allows the integration of scientific and traditional discourses involving the cultural factors inherent in this region and their interpretation. The result of the research showed that the knowledge of the use of boldo as a phytotherapic, in gastric and digestive disorders, continues to pass from generation to generation. This statement shows that this type of popular knowledge that is so old remains alive and will perpetuate itself throughout our society.

Clinical Efficacy of Endocytoscopy for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Endocytoscopy (EC) is a contact-type optical endoscope that allows in vivo cellular observation during gastrointestinal endoscopy and is now commercially available not only in Japan but also in Asian, European Union, and Middle Eastern countries. EC helps conduct a highly accurate pathological prediction without biopsy. Initially, EC was reported to be effective for esophageal diseases. Subsequently, its efficacy for stomach and colorectal diseases has been reported. In this narrative review, we searched for clinical studies that investigated the efficacy of EC. EC seems to accurately diagnose gastrointestinal diseases without biopsy. Most of the studies aimed to clarify the relationship between endocytoscopic findings of gastrointestinal neoplasia and pathological diagnosis. Some studies have investigated non-epithelial lesions or diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease or infectious diseases. However, there are few high-level pieces of evidence, such as randomized trials; thus, further studies are needed.

High prevalence of clarithromycin resistant Helicobacter pylori in Turkish children with gastric disorders

ObjectivesHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the leading cause of most gastroduodenal diseases. Commonly, clarithromycin is prescribed to treat H. pylori infections. Increasing resistance to clarithromycin is now one of the main problems of health worldwide. This study is aimed to survey clarithromycin resistant H. pylori infection in children with gastric disorders in Turkey. Patients and methodsA total of 110 biopsy samples were collected from the gastric antral of children referred to Balcali Hospital in Adana city, Turkey from October 2015 to November 2016. After the DNA extraction, a PCR reaction was performed for the detection of glmM gene as a diagnostic marker for Helicobacter. To examine resistance to clarithromycin, RFLP-PCR was performed to detect A2142G and A2143G point mutations in the 23SrRNA amplification product. ResultsBased on histopathological and RUT tests and PCR, H. pylori was detected in 26.4% (29/110), 23.6% (26/110), and 33.6% (37/110) of the pediatric patients respectively. The frequency of H. pylori infection was dependent on age but independent of gender. The A2143G and A2142G point mutations were found in (n: 13, 61.90%) and (n: 8, 38.09%) of H. pylori isolates. ConclusionOur findings highlight a high rate of resistance to clarithromycin in Turkish children with H. pylori infection. Hence, it is essential to note other classes of antibiotics except clarithromycin for the effective treatment of H. pylori infection in children younger than 18 years in the study region.

Manipulation of Gut Microbiota Using Acacia Gum Polysaccharide.

Acacia gum (AG) is a branched-polysaccharide gummy exudate that consists of arabinose and galactose. The traditional practice in African-Middle Eastern countries uses this gum as medicine. Traditional use of AG is to treat stomach disease, which can be a potential functional food. In this research, commercially available AG from Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal was investigated as the prebiotic. The experiment employed a pH-controlled in vitro colon model inoculated with human fecal microbiota to mimic the human colon. Fermentation samples at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h were brought for short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography and bacterial enumeration via fluorescent in situ hybridization. Results showed that AG significantly promotes Bifidobacteria proliferation similar to fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) while inhibiting the Clostridium histolyticum group, commonly associated with gut dysbiosis. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate showed a similar trend to FOS (p > 0.05). The AG shows potential against gut dysbiosis, as it promotes gut-probiotics, through modulation of microbial population and SCFA production, especially butyrate.

Histopathological Spectrum of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Biopsies in a Tertiary care centre

Background: Upper GI endoscopy is an established procedure for investigating a wide range of upper GI conditions especially inflammatory and malignant diseases of stomach and esophagus. A good correlation in diagnosis can be achieved by complementing endoscopic findings with histopathology of biopsy specimens.
 Methods: Both retrospective and prospective study of upper GI endoscopic biopsy was carried out at department of pathology, KIMS, Hubli during January 2016 to December 2018. Samples were received in 10% formalin; routine processing was followed with H & E staining. Special stain like Giemsa was done for detection of H. Pylori. 396 endoscopic mucosal biopsies were analyzed and evaluated.
 Result: Out of 396 cases, 250 cases were esophageal biopsies, 104 cases were gastric biopsies & 42 cases were duodenal biopsies. The male: female ratio was 1:9:1. The highest number of cases was seen between 61 to 70 years. Dyspepsia was the common symptom seen in 61.3%. The most common lesions encountered in the esophagus were carcinomas (67%) followed by esophagitis (16%). The commonly encountered gastric lesion was chronic gastritis in 54.8% with H. pylori gastritis being positive in 38.18%. Among the duodenal biopsies, non-neoplastic lesions were most common (59.5%) followed by neoplastic lesions (26%).
 Conclusion: Upper GI endoscopy is an effective and appropriate preliminary investigation to assess patients with dysphagia, dyspepsia, vomiting. Endoscopy without biopsy is incomplete and that the combination of methods offers a strong diagnostic tool for better patient care.

Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori Virulence Genes cagA and vacA: Regional and National Study.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The presence of pathogenicity islands (PAI) genes contributes to the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal disorders. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA) are the most known virulence genes in H. pylori. So, our aim was to study H. pylori virulence genes' role in gastric disorders pathogenesis. Our study included 150 adult patients who suffered dyspeptic symptoms and were referred to the GIT endoscopy unit. Gastric biopsies were attained for rapid urease test (RUT) and histopathological examination, and multiplex PCR technique for detection of virulence genes was performed. It was found that 100 specimens were (RUT) positive, of which sixty samples (60%) were PCR positive for H. pylori ureC gene. The vacA and cagA genes were identified in 61.6% and 53% of H. pylori strains, respectively. Only 5 cases were vacA-positive and cagA-negative. The most virulent vacA s1 allele existed in 56.6% of cases. Out of the 60 H. pylori strains, 66% had at least one virulence gene and 34% did not show any virulence gene. H. pylori infection showed significant increase with age. H. pylori are prevalent amid dyspeptic patients in our region. The main genotype combinations were vacA+/cagA+ of s1m1 genotype and they were frequently associated with peptic ulcer diseases, gastritis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF ZANTHOXYLUM ALATUM FRUIT AND LEAVES EXTRACTS AGAINST SELECTED PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

Zanthoxylum alatum (Z. alatum), an important medicinal plant is used for various ailments including chest infection, cough, cholera, fever, stomach disorders, gas problems, indigestion, piles, toothache, gum problems, dyspepsia and stomachic worldwide. Keeping in view the medicinal potential of this plant, fruit and leaves methanolic (MeOH) extracts were prepared, evaluated for antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and for antibacterial potential by well diffusion and macrodilution methods in-vitro. Our results confirmed that Z. alatum fruit and leaves extracts have significant antioxidant activity with IC50 values 0.28 ± 0.07 mg/ml and 0.34 ± 0.05 mg/ml, respectively. The inhibitory trend at highest tested concentration (120 mg/ml) at 24 hr incubation in well diffusion method was recorded as 0.39, 0.30, 0.28, 0.27 and 0.18 cm against S. pyogenes, B. cereus, E. coli, S. aureus and S. enterica for leaf extract, respectively. In case of fruit extract inhibitory trend at highest tested concentration was observed as 0.33, 0.32, 0.31, 0.30 and 0.28 cm against S. aureus, S. enterica, S. pyogenes, B. cereus and E. coli, respectively. The fruit extract showed higher zones of inhibition than leaves extracts against all the test bacteria except S. pyogenes. Moreover, highest zones of inhibition were observed at lowest incubation (24 hr) and lowest zones were observed at highest incubation period (72 hr) for all tested concentrations. Macrodilution method showed antibacterial susceptibility in liquid medium with different levels of IC50 values ranging from 1.6±0.13 mg/ml to 10.3±0.7 5mg/ml. Interestingly, none of the tested bacteria showed resistance against any of the test extract in well diffusion or macrodilution method expressing the Z. alatum as potent candidates to kill bacteria in semisolid or in liquid medium to fulfill medical needs in future.

Incidence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms: a hospital-based study

Background: Commonest complaints for which patients seek hospital care are upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms. Prevalence of these symptoms range from 8-54%. Most common cause is Helicobacter pylori. The objective of this study was to investigate incidence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with UGI symptoms.Methods: Hospital-based study was carried out among 200 cases with esophageal disorders, gastric disorders, duodenal disorders, gastro duodenitis. Predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used to record information. Gastric and duodenal biopsy was taken. Rapid antigen test kit was used to identify for Helicobacter pylori. Results: Incidence of Helicobacter pylori was 80%. Most common disorders associated with UGI symptoms were gastritis (29%), gastritis with duodenal ulcer (21%) and esophagitis (21%). They were more common in males except esophageal varices. Gastritis and esophagitis were significantly more in 21-40 years (46.55%) (p<0.05). Most common age of UGI symptoms was 21-40 years (34.5%). H. pylori infection was more among males (62.50%). Most common indication for endoscopy was dyspepsia in 48 (24%).Conclusions: Incidence of H. pylori was 80%. Upper GI diseases are more common in men (65.5%) compared to females (34.5%) with the most affected age group between 21-60 years (68%). H. pylori was the commonest cause of chronic gastroduodenitis in this study.

Associations between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and non-communicable diseases in an Asian population: findings from the IFLS study

Background: There has been no comprehensive study on how high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels, a biomarker of inflammation, are associated with subsequent diagnoses of various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Asians. Our study is the first to do so to better compare these associations in an Asian population. Methods: This is a nationwide longitudinal study of 3,410 male and 4,004 female participants of the RAND Indonesian Family Life Survey with a mean age of 42.4 years, to examine associations between increasing hs-CRP levels and risks of heart diseases, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, non-cancerous stomach or other digestive diseases, and non-cancerous kidney diseases. We used unadjusted and confounding-adjusted weighted Poisson regression models to respectively examine associations involving hs-CRP as a risk predictor or indicator of chronic inflammation. Several stratified subpopulation analyses were also performed. Results: Increasing hs-CRP levels predicted significantly higher risks of being diagnosed with all of the studied NCDs except stomach or other digestive diseases. After adjusting for confounding, increasing hs-CRP levels were significantly associated with higher risks of diabetes, heart diseases, hypertension, and kidney diseases. Conclusions: Our comprehensive findings on the associations between hs-CRP levels and risks of several NCDs in Asians may have clinical implications and promote additional studies on this topic.

PENETAPAN KADAR KAFEIN DARI BUBUK KOPI YANG DIPEROLEH DARI KOTA SIDIKALANG SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV

Coffee has many health benefits, such as stimulating the central nervous system, with the effect of relieving fatigue, drowsiness, and also in creasing concentration power. How ever, excessiveuse of caffeine can cause heart palpitations, stomachdi sorders, and shaking hands. Caffeine levels in coffee circulating in the market vary, dueto a mixtureofotheringredients. For this reason, the National Standardization Agency (BSN) has set a standard for caffeine content in coffeepowder, whichis 0.455%-2% w/w (SNI 01-3542-2004), so that if there is coffee containing high levels of caffeine, it needs to be decaffeinated. tosuppresstheactivityofcaffeine in thebody. The purpose of this study was to determine the caffeine content of Arabica coffee powder and Robusta coffee. The samples determined were 2 types of arabica coffee powder, namely those obtained from high stems and low stems, and 1 robusta coffee powder. Sampling was carried out purposively, and as says were determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry after extraction using chloroform. The results showed that the caffeine content of high-stem Arabica coffee powder was 1.675% (16.75mg/g), low-stemmed 0.546% (5.462 mg/g), and 0.818% (8.18mg/g) of Robusta coffeegrounds. In conclusion, the caffeine levels of the three samples determinedmet the requirements of the Indonesian National Standard.

An update of the aetiological factors involved in molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To systematically review the aetiological factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). To this day, the aetiology remains unknown. Determining risk factors would allow risk assessment and enhance early diagnosis of MIH in young patients. The aim was to assess, evaluate and summarise the relationship between MIH and reported aetiological hypotheses. Electronic database searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, LILACS and Cochrane Library were conducted. Authors conformed to PRISMA guidelines. Studies were screened, data extracted, assessment of risk of bias and calibration was completed by two independent reviewers. Meta-analyses with heterogeneity calculations were performed. Of the potential 8949 studies, 64 studies were included in the qualitative analysis whilst 45 were included in the quantitative analysis. Prenatal factors: results are inconclusive as only unspecified maternal illnesses appear to be linked to MIH. Perinatal factors: prematurity (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.24-1.70; p = 0.0002) and caesarean delivery (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.09, 1.93; p < 0.00001) are associated with an increased risk of developing MIH. Birth complications are also highlighted. These three factors can lead to hypoxia, and children with perinatal hypoxia are more likely to develop MIH (OR 2.76; 95% CI 2.09-3.64; p < 0.0001). Postnatal factors: measles, urinary tract infection, otitis media, gastric disorders, bronchitis, kidney diseases, pneumonia and asthma are associated with MIH. Fever and antibiotic use, which may be considered as consequences of childhood illnesses, are also associated with MIH. Genetic factors: an increasing number of studies highlight the genetic and epigenetic influences in the development of MIH. Several systemic and genetic and/or epigenetic factors acting synergistically or additively are associated with MIH, revealing a multifactorial aetiology model. Peri- and postnatal aetiological factors are more likely to increase the odds of causing MIH than prenatal factors.

The Role of Prehabilitation in Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenal Resection

Background. Currently, the introduction of pre-rehabilitation programs has shown its effectiveness in various sections of abdominal surgery, however, its role in surgical pancreatology is still not entirely clear Aim. To study the effectiveness of the implementation of pre-rehabilitation programs (preoperative exercises and diet therapy) during the waiting period for surgery and their effect on the physical and nutritional status, as well as postoperative complications and the duration of hospital stay in patients who underwent pancreatoduodenal resection. Material and methods. A prospective study was carried out including 44 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenal resection. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups. The control group (23 patients) preoperative preparation, which was carried out according to the standard method. The main group consisted of 21 patients who underwent pre-rehabilitation. Results. Among the patients in the compared groups, there were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, ASA and body mass index, concomitant diseases, and basic laboratory parameters. In the group of patients who underwent pre-rehabilitation, there was a statistically significant increase in the 6-minute walk test (p = 0.02), as well as the prognostic nutritional index (p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the compared groups in the incidence of major postoperative complications (Clavien - Dindo III / IV) (p = 0.8), clinically significant pancreatic fistulas (p = 0.5), and mortality (p = 0, 6), however, in the pre-rehabilitation group there was a significant decrease in the incidence of gastric evacuation disorders in comparison with the control group (9.5% versus 34.8%, p = 0.04). The average postoperative bed-day was 16.1 5.6 days in the pre-rehabilitation group and 19.8 6.2 days in the control group (p = 0.04). Conclusion. The introduction of pre-rehabilitation in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenal resection is effective and allows improving the physical and nutritional status of the patient, reducing the postoperative bed day and reducing the frequency of delayed gastric evacuation.

Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activity of Leaves and Stems Extracts of Monteverdia communis (Celastraceae)

Species from the genus Monteverdia (Celastraceae) are widely used in traditional medicine for gastric disorders. Pharmacological and phytochemical studies focus on Monteverdia ilicifolia (“espinheira-santa”). Monteverdia communis is endemic and abundant in southeast Brazil, and no previous work was reported in literature involving its chemical aspects. Given the potential of Monteverdia species as sources of natural antioxidants, this work aimed to undertake a chemical study and evaluate the antioxidant activity of leaves and stems extracts of M. communis. A fraction enriched with the triterpenes epifriedelinol and 3-oxo-friedelin was isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of leaves and stems was significantly higher than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and statistically equivalent to rutin (positive controls). A weak negative correlation with the total flavonoid content was verified for these extracts, suggesting that the antioxidant activity may be related to the presence of other compounds in addition to flavones and flavonols. The phytochemical screening of hexane and ethanol extracts from leaves and stems revealed their chemical profile, providing quality control data. The results allow the indication of M. communis as a source of bioactive terpenoids and a promising target for further studies to isolate and identify antioxidant compounds.

Electroacupuncture at ST36 Improve the Gastric Motility by Affecting Neurotransmitters in the Enteric Nervous System in Type 2 Diabetic Rats.

Electroacupuncture (EA) can effectively relieve hyperglycemia and gastric emptying disorders in diabetic gastroparesis (DGP). However, the effect of EA on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) gastroparesis and its mechanism in the enteric nervous system (ENS) are rarely studied. We investigated the therapeutic effect of EA at ST36 and its effect on the main inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the ENS in DGP rats. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet for 2 weeks and injected with streptozotocin (STZ) at 35 mg/kg to induce T2DM. T2DM rats were divided into the diabetic mellitus (DM) group and the EA group. The control (CON) group comprised normal rats without any intervention. EA treatment was started 6 weeks after the induction of DM and continued for 5 weeks. The body weight and food intake of the rats were recorded every week. Blood glucose, insulin, glucose tolerance, gastric emptying, and antral motility were measured after treatment. The expression of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in gastric antrum were quantified by western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The T2DM gastroparesis model was successfully established. EA treatment reduced the body weight, food intake, and blood glucose; improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance; increased the gastric emptying rate, the mean antral pressure, and the amplitude of antral motility; and decreased the frequency of antral motility compared with those in the DM group. EA treatment increased the expression level of nNOS, ChAT, and PGP9.5 proteins, and nNOS and ChAT mRNA. The results suggested that EA at ST36 could ameliorate DGP, partly restore the damage to general neurons, and increase nNOS and ChAT in the gastric antrum. EA improved DGP partly via reducing the loss of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the ENS.

Javanese Turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.): Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Biotechnology, and Pharmacological Activities.

Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., locally famed as Temulawak, has been extensively utilized in Indonesia as medicinal and nutritional plants since immemorial time. The rhizome of this plant is an important ingredient for jamu formulation (Indonesian traditional medicine). C. xanthorrhiza is traditionally used to treat several ailments such as lack of appetite, stomach disorder, liver illness, constipation, bloody diarrhea, dysentery, arthritis, children's fevers, hypotriglyceridaemia, hemorrhoids, vaginal discharge, rheumatism, and skin eruptions. To date, over 40 active compounds, including terpenoids, curcuminoids, and other phenolic compounds, have been isolated and identified from C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. Some pharmacological tests reported that C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. has antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antitumor, antidiabetic, and skincare and hepatoprotective properties. Efforts for biotechnologically production of C. xanthorrhiza have also been conducted, resulting in some micropropagation protocols of this plant. The current review focuses on the botanical description and distribution, ethnomedicinal uses, production and conservation status, phytochemical properties, and pharmacological activities of C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. to provide accurate and reliable data for future researches and commercialization purposes.

Autophagy in Gastric Mucosa: The Dual Role and Potential Therapeutic Target.

The incidence of stomach diseases is very high, which has a significant impact on human health. Damaged gastric mucosa is more vulnerable to injury, leading to bleeding and perforation, which eventually aggravates the primary disease. Therefore, the protection of gastric mucosa is crucial. However, existing drugs that protect gastric mucosa can cause nonnegligible side effects, such as hepatic inflammation, nephritis, hypoacidity, impotence, osteoporotic bone fracture, and hypergastrinemia. Autophagy, as a major intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation process, plays a key role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis and resisting environmental pressure, which may be a potential therapeutic target for protecting gastric mucosa. Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy played a dual role when gastric mucosa exposed to biological and chemical factors. More indepth studies are needed on the protective effect of autophagy in gastric mucosa. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms and the dual role of various biological and chemical factors regulating autophagy, such as Helicobacter pylori, virus, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. And we summarize the pathophysiological properties and pharmacological strategies for the protection of gastric mucosa through autophagy.

Protective effects of Dialium guineense pulp on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury in albino rats.

The numerous challenges and detrimental effects connected with the treatment of peptic ulcers in the world today calls for alternative attention. Ethnomedicinally, Dialium guineense pulp (DAGP) has numerous pharmacological activities. This study investigated the anti-ulcer activities of Dialium guineense pulp on gastric mucosa injury induced with aspirin in albino Wistar rats. DAGP extract was orally administered at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg bw (mg per kg of the body weight) per day for 3 or 7 days followed by 400 mg/kg bw oral aspirin administration. Ulcer indices were determined, followed by a biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzymes using gastric mucosal tissue from the stomach. Student's t-test was used to compare significant differences among groups of animals at P ≤ 0.05. The results showed that Dialium guineense pulp caused a significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the ulcer index in aspirin induced rats. This decrease in ulcer index is dose dependent and 1000 mg/kg bw per day caused the highest decrease in 7 days. The results showed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in lipid peroxidation and a decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in antioxidant enzymes activities in the aspirin-induced ulcerated rats. Oral administration of DAGP increased antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased injury in the gastric mucosa in ulcer induced rats. Therefore, this study showed that DAGP exhibited anti-ulcer potential and that the gastrointestinal protection may be through the scavenging action of free radicals by its constituent antioxidants. Thus, Dialium guineense pulp has ameliorative medicinal potential for the curing of gastric disorders.

Immediate and long-term results of proximal gastric resection depending on the methods of the digestive tract continuity restoring

Proximal gastric resection (PGR) is still one of the most difficult and dangerous surgical interventions, and it is the only method of curative treatment of diseases of the cardiac part of the stomach in many cases. 5 types of gastrointestinal reconstruction are mainly performed after PRG: submerged rectal esophagogastroanastomosis, antireflux interposition of the jejunal segment, interposition of the jejunal segment of the jejunal pocket, interposition of the jejunal segment as a double tract and reconstruction with the formation of a gastric tube. Modern literature includes many works devoted to the development of methods of physiological reconstruction after subtotal and total removal of the stomach; however, none of the existing methods is recognized as optimal. Among the main indicators characterizing the effectiveness of PGR are the frequency and severity of the development of a large group of functional disorders, characterized as «diseases of the operated stomach», or «post-gastro-resection disorders», which significantly worsen the quality of life (QOL) and reduce the working capacity, which causes disability of the operated patients Assessment of QoL after surgery for diseases of the cardiac stomach is a fundamentally important component of monitoring the effectiveness of treatment and, therefore, allows one to determine the indications for certain types of interventions. The available world scientific literature does not provide convincing data on the assessment of QOL in patients after proximal resection for cardiac part of the stomach diseases, since there are no clear criteria for its assessment depending on the chosen methods and methods of reconstruction of gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In this regard, there is a need for further study of proximal resection with reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract in surgical diseases of the cardiac part of the stomach on the basis of analysis of immediate and long-term results, as well as the quality of life of patients who underwent these surgical interventions.

The Utilization of Medicinal Plants to Cure Gastrointestinal Disorders by The Dayak Muara Tribe in Kuala Dua Village, Sanggau Regency

People use medicinal plants to treat various diseases, one of which is gastric disorders. The study aims to analyze the use of medicinal plants to overcome gastric disorders by the Dayak Muara tribe in Kuala Dua Village, Sanggau Regency. The sampling method was purposive sampling, with the number of respondents was 10% of the total number of households in Kuala Dua Village (91 respondents). The information regarding the medicinal plants used by the Dayak Muara tribe to overcome gastric disorders such as diarrhea, intestinal worms, nausea and vomiting, constipation, gastric, flatulence, and stomachache was collected. Furthermore, data obtained analyzed for the use-value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF), and fidelity level (FL). The Dayak Muara tribe in Kuala Dua village, Kembayan District, has used 17 species of medicinal plants to overcome gastric disorders. Curcuma longa is the plant with a high use value or UV (0.96), followed by Psidium guajava (0.89) and Zingiber officinale (0.45). The highest value of informant consensus factor or ICF includes the diseases category of diarrhea (0.98), gastric, stomachache, nausea, and vomiting, each of which has an ICF value (0.96), constipation (0.94), intestinal worms and flatulence (0.88). The plants with the highest fidelity level (FL) are Allium sativum, Cymbopogon citratus and Centella asiatica for gastric (100), Areca catechu for constipation (100), Moringa oleifera, and Theobroma cacao (100) for stomachache.

902-P: Screening for Gastric Motor Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study

Diabetes is the 2nd most common cause of delayed gastric emptying in adults. As a result, patients with type 1 diabetes are at increased risk of gastric motor abnormalities that can include delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis) and the related symptoms. Limited information exists regarding presence of gastric motility disorders in youth with type 1 diabetes. An improved understanding of whether these gastric motility symptoms are present may influence screening, diagnosis, treatment, and quality of life. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess symptoms suggestive of gastroparesis in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes using the standardized Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) questionnaire. The GCSI consists of 9 questions to assess the presence and severity of gastric motility symptoms. Severity is rated from none (0) to very severe (5) using a likert scale and three symptom subscale (presence of nausea/vomiting, fullness/early satiety, and bloating). The total GCSI score is calculated as the mean of the three subscales. A GCSI score ≥ 1.9 has been associated with delayed gastric emptying. Initial data from 247 patients with type 1 diabetes; mean±SD age 18.1±3.4 years (range 15-20 years old), 61% female, 90% Caucasian, duration of the disease 8.4 ±5.3 years, A1c 8.1±1.8% who answered the GCSI questionnaire found 190 (77%) had at least one symptom associated with gastric motility disorder. Nausea was the most common symptom (75%) followed by stomach fullness (63%). Of those with at least one positive symptom, 37 (20%) had a score ≥ 1.9. Those with a GCSI score ≥ 1.9 were older (19.5 vs. 17.8, p=0.008), but there was no association with race, sex, body mass index, duration of the disease, or glycemic control, as measured by HbA1c. Gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive of gastric motor abnormalities, as measured by the GCSI questionnaire are present in youth with type 1 diabetes. Older patients may be at higher risk. Disclosure G. Mashali: None. A. A. Kaul: None. L. M. Dolan: None. J. C. Khoury: None. A. S. Shah: None.