This paper is devoted an investigation of a stochastic Nicholson-type delay system with patch structure, which includes the models of marine protected areas and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia dynamics all affected by some stochastic perturbation. Firstly, we prove that the system has a unique global positive solution by constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional. Then we show that the system is ultimately bounded in probability and the average in time of the second moment of solution is bounded. Furthermore, we give asymptotic pathwise estimation of the solution under some conditions. Finally, numerical simulations confirm the theoretical results. Our results improve and generalize previous related results.