Stilt Houses Research Articles

Green energy and environmental sustainability on Vernacular Architecture. The case of Ayllus of Atacama Desert and stilt houses of Chiloé

The main objective of this study is to explore the development of vernacular techniques capable of facilitate a green and sustainable architecture today’s. An ayllu in San Pedro de Atacama and a stilt house in Chiloé are selected as a comparative case, since (1) both are part of the vernacular architecture of its respective place, (3) both cases belong to extreme regions of the country, with both geographical characteristics totally opposite, the ayllu in the extreme north with a desert climate and the stilt houses in the country’s south with low temperatures and maritime-rainy climate, (4) both cases are works of green and sustainable architecture, wooden on stilt houses and adobe on ayllu. The methodology is carried out through three points, contamination levels (1), materiality (2) and energetic design and climate adaptation (3). It is concluded that the development of particular vernacular architecture, can introduce new logics to develop green energy and being closer to environmental sustainability, as has occurred in the palafitos and in the ayllu.

A Simple Stilt Structure Technique for Earthquake Resistance of Wooden Vernacular Houses in Bima, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia

The existence of local building structures in Bima vernacular architecture is the research object in this study. The condition of the Bima Regency, which is prone to tectonic and volcanic earthquakes, is the context that influences the structure of the wooden stilt houses. This vulnerability occurs because of two earthquake fault lines flanking the Sumbawa island and an active volcano, Mount Tambora. Identification of Bima vernacular houses' structures and their effectiveness in reducing deformation due to earthquakes become the aims of this study. Data collection uses field observation methods to identify local building structures and construction systems. It also uses digital simulation to determine diagonal bar elements' effectiveness on the stage structure in reducing deformation due to an earthquake. The results showed that the stilt structure consisting of post components with corbels to support the beams, double beams arranged in a cross, diagonal bars, and wooden pegs were structures that maintained their existence. The existence of this stilt structure technique is part of the local seismic culture of the Bima community. The simulation result shows that diagonal bars' presence reduces deformation in structural elements due to earthquake loads. The synergy between structural components occurs in the construction of the Bima vernacular house structure. Thus, the system, form, and material of the Bima stilt structure can reference the development of earthquake-resistant houses in Indonesia.

Re-establishing traditional stilt structures in contemporary architecture–The possibilities

PurposeThe study aims to explore factors affecting stilt construction and the possibilities of using innovative materials and construction methods to re-establish the traditional stilt structures.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a qualitative research method using an in-depth interview with selected architects to document experience and insights of the architects on the challenges and possibilities of using innovative materials and construction methods to re-establish the traditional stilt structures. Purposive sampling was used to determine the respondents for the study. Architects with experience designing stilt houses in architects' architectural practice were selected to take in the study.FindingsStudy revealed that generally architects are keen on using stilt structures. Building materials and costs associated with designing and constructing stilt structures were identified as the key challenges. However, architects suggest using recycled building materials as possible solutions to encourage the construction of stilt structures in Malaysia. The architects also preferred to use hybridized recycled materials for stilt structures as hybridized materials have improved structural properties and functions. Additionally, the study identified “psychological hesitation” or “accessibility” as a factor affecting the construction of stilt buildings.Research limitations/implicationsThroughout this study, some limitations have been dealt with. The first is the limitation of sample size. Contemporary stilt architecture is not very common in Malaysia today, and not many architects have experience in designing stilt houses. Although the method of purposive sampling was used, a larger sample size could have generated a more diverse result. The second limitation is the dearth of research on contemporary stilt houses in Malaysia. As stilt construction is uncommon in Malaysia and the existing material focuses primarily on traditional Malay houses, this has been one of the major challenges. Finally, most of the literature on stilt construction is from Southeast Asia, limited or insufficient studies and literature on local stilt construction would have a greater benefit to the study.Practical implicationsThe outcomes from this study would benefit the scholars who have an interest in exploring stilts construction in contemporary architecture as well as innovative construction materials and construction methods. As the study brings forth the challenges and possibilities of restoring the traditional stilt constructions, the study can be used as a reference by designers to garner a deeper understanding of the traditional stilt construction and encourage designers to focus on possible innovations for stilt construction from the aspects of materials and methods in ensuring the traditional element is present in future design and construction.Originality/valueThe study is a response to an obvious dearth body of knowledge in stilt construction in the Malaysian context. The study identifies the key challenges and possible and practical solutions. The findings of this study represent a scholastic effort that can be used as a reference by academics and scholars.

PELESTARIAN RUMAH PANGGUNG (RUMAH TRADISIONAL BERBAHAN DASAR KAYU) DI DESA PENANGGUNGAN, TANGGAMUS

The traditional wooden house has become a symbol for the indigenous people of Lampung. The research objective is to explain the factors that influence the community to maintain its traditional wooden houses. This research used the qualitative approach within a case study method in Penanggungan Village, Tanggamus District, Lampung Province. By collecting data through in-depth interviews, involved observations, and documentation studies, then analyzed some factors that influence the community to maintain the stilt house. The results showed that the local community held its wooden-based stage due to various factors, especially: cultural, heritage, raw materials, community economic conditions, public knowledge, and government policies. The government needs to make local regulations to maintain the existence of the remaining stilt houses and provide subsidies to the community to maintain its sustainability. In addition, the cultivation of the types of wood that used and its types substitution needs to be encouraged to avoid the scarcity of raw materials for stilt houses.

Water-Based Settlement and the Loss of Community Water Resilience

After the first dam was built in the Chao Phraya River during the 1950s, several water-controlled structures and megaprojects were built throughout the basin. For the first 30 years, water levels were stable, and the dams largely provided flood prevention. However, in recent years, global warming and climate change have been driving the frequency and intensity of extreme events. Local people have gradually lost their resilience against living with water during the years of a stable flood and flow system. This caused the interiority of the amphibious culture to drown into an oblivion state in the water-based settlement. The investigation was conducted in two villages with identical environmental conditions and similar cultural livelihoods in the floodplain of Ayutthaya Province against seasonal water intrusion. The physical characteristics of housing and cultural landscape of the waterfront villages were analysed via floor plans and cross-sectional study to explain the physical changes through time. The primary investigation revealed that the loss of the underneath space is an important indicator of housing changes resulting from the water conditions becoming more stable. Individuals have started to forget how to live with water. At the same time, the characteristics of the stilt house with an underneath space indicated that the communities continue to practice resilience to co-exist with the flood phenomenon.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND WOODEN SRUCTURES OF TRADITIONAL OGAN ILIR BUILDINGS AS THE LOCAL CULTURAL WEALTH OF THE OGAN ILIR COMMUNITY.

South Sumatra has a lot of traditional houses across its region. Each house has its own characteristics. One notable design is houses built on stilts. In Ogan Ilir, especially Tanjung Batu, it is famous for the production of knock-down houses. Knock-down houses in Tanjung Batu are a stilt house with an architectural design that almost resembles a Limas house, only that these knock-down houses are specially designed to make it easy to disassemble and reassemble them elsewhere. This study aims to give a closer look at the design, structure and wood choices of knock-down houses that have become unique, cultural houses of Ogan Ilir people. This study will look at how the architectural design of the houses’ characteristics and wooden structures are adapted to the surrounding environment. This study was conducted qualitatively with an anthropological approach through ethnological techniques. To dig up information about knock-down houses, this was done through observation and data collection by conducting interviews and collecting written data such as journals and articles related to the topic. Observations and interviews were carried out in Tanjung Batu, which is the center for knock-down house craftsmen. The results obtained in this study are: (a) the daily activities of carpenters in the manufacture of knock-down houses, (b) tools and materials used in the construction of the knock-down houses, (c) sales of knock-down houses, (d) the development of wood tools and materials following the development of increasingly sophisticated technology, and (e) information about knock-down houses as a local, cultural building typical of Ogan Ilir.

Self-adaptability and topological deformation of Ganlan architectural heritage: Conservation and regeneration of Lianghekou Tujia village in Western Hubei, China

The authenticity of architectural heritage is interpreted differently in diverse cultural traditions. Can this inspire the conservation and contemporary regeneration of architectural heritage to adapt to the changing needs of modern life and society, rather than static exhibits in museums? This research focuses on Ganlan (pile-built timber construction) architecture to demonstrate how adaptive conservation and regeneration can keep traditional construction systems living and sustainable. Ganlan, a vernacular architectural archetype in the humid subtropical regions of Asia, has the following common features: free plans with an assembling frame structure, open and interactive envelopes to cope with the hot and damp climate, and stilts to deal with the rugged terrain. This research employed a threefold method of field investigation, topological deformation, and experimental design in examining Lianghekou, a historic Tujia village in Western Hubei, China. The findings reveal that Tujia people build their stilt houses with adaptable features to meet the changing functional requirements and variable topographies. These traditions can be transmitted into the contemporary design, as our experimental design illustrates. The self-adaptability and topological deformation of Ganlan architectural heritage demonstrate a unique perspective of understanding authenticity, and contribute toward innovative application in the conservation and regeneration of vernacular architecture.

Green Architecture as A Facilitating Mechanism for Regional Development and Sustainable Cities-The Case of the Island of Chiloé, Chile

The purpose of this study is to explore how to develop a sustainable architecture to recover the vernacular architecture, and through this strengthen the socioeconomic development of a city It is proposed that through these recoveries and promotions, the city can welcome sustainable logics, also considering its geographical advantages, natural resources and bordering the sea as characteristics to take advantage of. For this, the island of Chiloé in southern Chile has been selected as a case study, due to (1) it has a unique vernacular architecture, the palafitos (stilt houses); and (2) It has a geographic morphology that has allowed, from its genesis as a city, to build in wood and other sustainable materials, consequently, this can be used as a basis for achieve a restoration of its communities respecting the interrelation of various social, cultural and environmental factors and whose sustainability is established by the balance of the previously mentioned factors.

Ancestral and vernacular architecture as contemporary heritage, tourist and cultural resource. The case of the “palafitos” and the route of the 16 UNESCO heritage churches of Chiloé, Chile

The present study aims to explore how spaces designed with ancestral and vernacular architecture can become a heritage, tourist and cultural resource.The analysis of the stilt houses and the route of the 16 UNESCO heritage churches of Chiloé, Chile has been selected as a case study, since: (1) it is an ancestral and vernacular architecture unique in the world, (2) they are part of the cultural and patrimonial tourist offer of the Chilean Patagonia, (3) has a balance of patrimonial and intangible material conservation that has managed to keep the gentrification and identity of the territory under control, (4) its 16 churches have been declared patrimonial by UNESCO.The methodology is developed through the analysis of a complete palafito from the constructive and architectural point of view, together with a church part of the patrimonial route. Followed by an analysis of press headlines and interviews, based on established parameters that allow understanding the link between architecture, transformation into a cultural and tourist resource together, and gentrification. It is concluded that the vernacular architecture of stilt houses and churches in Chiloé configures a valuable contemporary heritage resource that must be preserved and asserted in balance with the tourist dimension that it attracts thanks to its uniqueness.

Perubahan Tata Ruang dan Fungsi Kampung Akuarium, Jakarta

<p class="Abstract"><em>Kampung Akuarium is one of the historical places in the coastal area of North Jakarta. At the beginning, the area of Kampung Akuarium was dominated by swamps, so houses were built using stilt house construction. The development into a dense settlement which was then carried out evictions in the area and now it has become a residential area with the establishment of flats whose plans consist of 5 blocks. The purpose of this study is to explore in depth the changes that occur (especially regarding the function and spatial structure of the building and the surrounding environment) in Kampung Susun Akuarium. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with historical and architectural approaches to analyze problems in depth by exploring social and architectural phenomena. from time to time through detailed and in-depth data collection sourced from observations, interviews, documents and object description reports. Changes that occurred in the Kampung Susun Akuarium Jakarta before and after the eviction were found in land function, type of building, spatial planning, building construction, house function, home ownership status, socio-economic conditions, and behavior.</em><em></em></p>

Housing challenges in sinking coastal city: rethinking urban housing in subsidence area for a more resilient community

Housing in coastal cities is facing complex environmental hazards. The risk of being permanently submerged caused by sea level rise-related flooding is aggravated by the localized hazards, which is land subsidence. We explored the land subsidence conditions in the housing zone of Semarang City using overlay spatial analysis, and we expand the discussion to the regulatory aspect and local adaptation through content analysis. We found that challenges in housing zone are the severe subsidence that is occurring on dense housing zone, regulation that still less sensitive towards incorporating the slow onset disaster and not properly provided housing hydrological consideration nor the water provision, and poor drainage system as well as limited adaptation capacity that makes people lives in a false harmony of being resilient. Affordable alternative housing such as stilt house and drainage infrastructure improvement as well as detailing and reframing building regulation that is adequate to address both subsidence and flooding is undeniably important to ensure the adequate housing is accessible for all coastal city residents.

Morphological Changes in Kampung Pahandut of Palangka Raya City in Response to the Cultural Shift of Riverside Communities

Palangka Raya, the capital city of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, had been rapidly transformed and triggered the morphological changes in both the environment and architectural order. The urban growth caused the morphological transformation, and in effect, the city of Palangka Raya continuously displayed symptoms of urban deterioration. Modernization engendered the city to lose the architectural identity of Rumah panggung (stilt houses) and suffers the environmental disorder. There has been a tendency in the city orientation to shift into an ordinary "land city". Focusing on the oldest part city in Kampung Pahandut, we conducted a field survey to map the situation on the ground. We also generated 3D mapping using the drone to obtain precisely the morphological pattern of the area. The study revealed that the condition of the waterfront environment is constantly changing. The community that lives adjacent to Kapuas River must adapt to environmental conditions by utilizing the strategy of architectural adaptations of adjustable, refillable, and movable. Although the city of Palangka Raya transformed into a land-based city and left behind the riverfront area, in the oldest part of the city at kampung Pahandut, the community still maintains the Kahayan River as the source of people's daily lives.

Developing a Model for Disaster Education to Improve Students’ Disaster Mitigation Literacy

Indonesia is a disaster-prone country but public awareness of disasters is still low. To improve community disaster literacy, schools are the most effective vehicle. Improved disaster mitigation literacy can be achieved by integrating disaster education into subjects taught in school and associating it with the local wisdom owned by the community. This research aimed to determine and learn from the local wisdom of lamban langgakh (stilt houses), develop a disaster mitigation literacy model for subjects in schools, and identify the level of disaster mitigation literacy of junior and senior high school students in the West Coast District (WCR) of Lampung Province. The study was conducted in two stages: identifying and analyzing comprehensive information about lamban langgakh and developing an indirect teaching model as a students’ disaster mitigation literacy model through the ADDIE development model. This research produced a new model to improve students’ disaster mitigation literacy by integrating it with school subjects and local wisdom owned by local communities.

Transformasi Rumah Panggung Masyarakat Loloan Timur dalam Pemajuan Kebudayaan

Traditional technology is one of cultural advancement objects that can be found in Loloan stilt houses which are undergoing transformation and decline in quantity. This paper aims to know shape and determinants of stilt houses transformation in East Loloan, as well as to reveal the implications in terms of cultural advancement program. The study applied qualitative methods which were analyzed interpretive descriptive. The results showed that the stilt house consist two forms and has three levels based on the cosmological community. Transformation of houses on stilts, namely addition of space and changes in function of underside caused by determinants: social change, cultural dynamic, transition livelihoods, technology development, activity change, family members structure, build condition, land area, and interest of homeowner. The implication is that most of the aspects of the cultural advancement program have been fulfilled, except for the coaching aspect which has not been touched by community or government.

The Existence of Stilt Houses Post-Disaster

Stilt houses are one of the architectural identities of the archipelago that are still commonly found in Indonesia. Stilt houses have proven to be sustainable products because they still exist today after going through various natural disasters. This is inseparable from the stilts house building techniques, including the process of finding and determining the form and implementation of adat (philosophy). So, this research aims to show the existence of post-disaster stilt houses which include tsunami disasters in Aceh and Palu. This research is a case study that uses a comparativeanalysis method to show the influence factors of the existence of stilts houses after disaster in Aceh dan Palu. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the stilt houses in Aceh and Palu have stilt buildings that are sturdy and stable in accepting the force load when a disaster occurs. The key of building sturdiness lies on building structures such as connection systems, foundation type, material type, and the buildings proportion. These factors caused the stilts houses to not suffer severe damage, and in some cases did not show any damage to the buildings after being affected by natural disasters.

Natural Daylighting Performance at Stilt House in Jambi City

ABSTRACT The stilt house in Seberang Jambi City is a heritage of Jambi Malay culture. There is something unique on the sheath of this stilt house. The window section has various sizes, for example the window size on the living room is larger than the family room. The application of these window aperture depends on the function of space in the house. This research is preliminary research regarding the architectural aspects of the stilt house. The purpose of this research is to find out the performance of natural daylighting on the stilt house by considering the aspect ratio of the window area, like dimensions, the shape, and position of the window. The method of this research is a field survey as a quantitative descriptive analysis. Simulation Method of DIALux 4.2 used for data validation and evaluation of natural daylighting performance. The result of this research is expected to strengthen the study of cultural heritage concept in Seberang Jambi City. Through the study of the application of aperture on the building sheath in the stilt house in Seberang Jambi City has a good natural daylighting performance to fulfill the standard of visual comfort for the activity. This can be seen from the preliminary research data shows on stilt house have a daylighting intensity value 200 - 800 lux in the living room and family room at 12.00 pm.

The thermal phenomena of Aceh tradisional house due to changes inform spatial planning, building materials and constructure structures

The development of science and technology has influenced the pattern of human life, especially the housing as the basic needs in human life. This can also be seen in the Acehnese people who have made changes to their traditional houses which will unwittingly have an impact on the thermal performance of the building.. This study observes the thermal perception of the occupants of the original and changing Aceh traditional houses, in the form of their responses or reactions in describing environmental conditions when the air temperature is hot, normal, or cold, which is carried out by distributing questionnaires. Measurements were made on traditional house buildings and their occupants for 7 (seven) days on each house. As a thermal reference for occupancy, air temperature conditions in buildings and rooms will be measured using a Thermo Hygrograph and a Sling Thermometer. The results of this study indicate that there is a change in the thermal perception of occupancy in the form of a comfort range and length of time when the building is inhabited, which is caused by changes made to the traditional house building, in the form of adding another room at the back without disturbing the main building (Rumoh Aceh) using other materials and different buildings structures (not a stilt house like the main building).

FLOATING HOUSE TECTONICS ON LAKE TEMPE: BETWEEN TRADITION AND RESILIENCE

The tectonic knowledge of the people who live in floating houses comes from the understanding of the tradition of building land on stilt houses because the fishing communities who live in floating homes also live on land. However, the climatic conditions above the water are extreme and different from the ground, causing the tectonics of the floating house to adapt to the climatic conditions on the water so that the floating house has resistance to natural disasters on the water. The problem of this research is that there is a change in the tradition of building from traditional mainland stilt houses to floating houses, thus creating a unique tectonic expression in floating homes. This study aims to reveal the tectonics of floating homes based on the tradition of building and surviving on the water. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with an ethnic-architecture approach. The results showed that the tectonics of the floating house originating from the mainland stilt house tradition underwent changes in several parts, especially in the lower and middle structures. However, it does not change the concept of Bugis society's cosmology. Extreme climatic factors influence the formation of floating house tectonics. For the resilience of houses on the water, a structural system is needed to anticipate climatic conditions.

Identification of application of biological architecture in the South Nias’s traditional House in Indonesia

Nias Selatan is located in the west of the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, has a unique traditional house in the form of a stilt house with a sloping roof, and a wooden frame construction where all the building materials are made of biological materials, obtained from the natural surroundings. Buildings are strongly influenced by the environment and its inhabitants, which are in harmony with the principles of biological architecture. This study aims to identify the application of biological architecture in South Nias traditional houses. The research method used is qualitative content analysis, namely research methods with in-depth conceptual integration. The environment (climate, location, vegetation, land and water) and people / inhabitants (basic human needs, culture, beliefs / religions, and livelihoods) are important indicators as well as factors causing the birth of the traditional house of South Nias. These factors will be analyzed to determine the impact (architectural design, materials, construction) on the building. From the research results, it can be concluded that the traditional houses of South Nias apply biological architecture that reflects the genius locus of their ancestors.

The Meaning of Water Environment for Stilt Houses on the Musi Riverbanks, Palembang

Water functions are very diverse for humans for daily needs such as drinking water, bathing, agriculture, development, aesthetics, and lower temperatures. Palembang is a lowland area dominated by wetlands, tidal swamps, and rivers. The types of houses on stilts on the banks of the Musi river are limas, Gudang, and Chinese stilt houses which are always associated with the water environment. The construction of roads replacing the role of rivers has realized people that the water environment has an important meaning for the house on stilts. The research objective was to explore the meaning of the water environment from various aspects for residents, stilt houses, and their environment. This research method is a case study with data collection through interviews, observation, measurements, and taking photos. Data and findings were analyzed and juxtaposed with images in the field. The road construction has eliminated part of the function of the river and influenced the change in orientation of the house on stilts. In conclusion, respect for the water environment including rivers has decreased, causing the quality of the river to decline, and the house on stilts cannot take advantage of the existence of the water environment optimally