Sticky Material Research Articles

(Invited) Prospects of New Cleaning Technologies for Future Device Development

As devices shrink, new materials and new stacked structures are being introduced to improve performance and overcome structural limitations. For memory devices, the higher stacked structure, which was mainly used in Flash devices, is being extended to Dram devices. The structure for logic devices is transitioning from planar, Finfet and GAA to Forksheet and CFET.In order to develop processes for a future device, the cleaning process has also become increasingly sophisticated and difficult. In particular, the requirements for fundamental cleaning techniques such as highly selective and narrow gap etching, small particle removal and extreme uniformity control are being pushed to the limit.In this presentation, we will review trends in device roadmaps and suggest new cleaning technologies needed for future devices. New chemicals with inhibitors and dry cleaning processes using radical or etching gas are being evaluated for highly selective etching of materials with different Ge content, such as SiGe 5~50%. New concepts will be suggested for small particle removal without pattern damage using polymers and for selective deposition by Wet SAM (Self -Assembly Monolayer) which could have various applications. In terms of small particle removal, we use polymers that can be attached to small particles, like sticky materials, which remove them without any other residues. In this process, it is important to remove small particles without causing any other damages to the pattern. For SAM, it can chemically adsorb in the area where material does not want to be deposited and stays during subsequent deposition, resulting in a selective deposition. Any SAM after deposition should be removed by plasma treatment.In addition, reclaimable chemicals have been expanding to promote environmental sustainability and cost efficiency. To achieve this, a real-time chemical analyzer that accurately and quickly monitors the chemical composition of elements is essential. The development of recyclable chemicals, as well as hardware equipment, is also needed.

Research on screening effect and time-frequency characteristics of screen surface with additional striking beam

ABSTRACT In this study, a new flexible screen surface structure with an additional striking beam was proposed for improved efficiency and addressing the clogging issue while processing moist coal material. Vibration tests were used to analyze the time-frequency characteristics of the screen surface and the striking beam under no-load and load conditions. The effects of different process parameters on the elastic screening effect of viscous and wet materials were explored. Further, the industrial application of the equipment was preliminarily carried out. The results showed that the load did not affect the main vibration frequency of the elastic screen surface and the striking beam. When the axis distance was adjusted to 7.5 cm, the displacement from the feeding end to the discharge end gradually decreased, promoting the rapid loosening and stratification of the material group. Semi-industrial tests showed that the optimal screening effects had a screening efficiency of 92.16% and a total misplaced content of 5.95% when exciting force was 18 kN, the exciting frequency was 10.8 Hz, the feeding rate was 9.36 t/h, the distance was 7.5 cm, and the moisture content was 8.21%. The GQPSS1848 vibrating screen applied in the industry achieved a screening efficiency of 86.66% at a processing capacity of 85 t/h with a broad commercial prospect. The study aims to provide theoretical and technical support for the research and development of flexible screening equipment and the efficient classification of −3 mm sticky and wet materials.

A new DEM calibration method for wet and stick materials based on the BP neural network

The assessment of flow characteristics and the Discrete Element Method (DEM) calibrations for Wet and Sticky Materials (WSMs) are significantly demanded by the mining and transportation industries. However, the angle of repose (AoR), as a common DEM calibration method, has been facing challenges in adopting for WSMs. Due to the relatively high adhesion and cohesion of WSMs, it is difficult to form repeatable material heaps, resulting in inaccurate measurements of the AoRs. Therefore, this study aims to calibrate DEM parameters for WSMs under various conditions, utilizing a modified AoR test method and the Back Propagation-Neural Network (BP-NN). In the modified AoR test method, WSMs are discharged from a funnel using a screw feeder and fall closely against a vertical baffle to form a heap in a constrained direction. The new method combines the features of the traditional AoR test and the slump plane test to accurately measure the AoRs for different WSMs, including wet white sand, bulk coal, and corn powders. Test results are analysed to show the advantage of the modified AoR test. Furthermore, an innovative DEM calibration method based on the BP-NN is developed. By training the BP-NN with the database established according to the relationship between the measured and simulated AoRs, the DEM calibration parameters can be predicted rapidly for WSMs with different particle sizes and moisture contents. Validation is conducted for the wet white sand, from which the deviations and relative mean deviations between the experiment AoRs (Ae) and the calibration AoRs (Ac) are less than 2°and 4 % respectively, indicating the capability of the developed method for WSMs DEM calibrations.

Impact of Autocatalytic Chemical Reactions and Convective Boundary Conditions on NaC6H7O6–SiO2-Based Nanofluid Oblique Stagnation Point Flow Across a Stretching Sheet

The main motivation of this study is to examine the effects and behavior of Casson nanofluid mainly in reference to oblique stagnation points across a stretching surface. Oblique stagnation point (OSP) motions have so many applications, like artificial fibers, sticky materials, drying paper, and freezing electrical equipment, and numerous applications for endothermic and exothermic processes exist, including in heat exchangers, cooking, and drying damp clothes. Because of these applications on various domains, the Casson nanofluid OSP motion via a stretching sheet is studied with endothermic/exothermic chemical processes and convective boundary conditions (CBC). Similarity transformations are employed to convert partial differential equations (PDEs) into a collection of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Furthermore, some significant engineering coefficients are discussed and also evaluated the behaviors of several nondimensional factors using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg-45 numeric method with a shooting scheme and graphical representations. The outcomes signify that temperature and concentration both rise with a rise in the Casson parameter and activation energy (AE) respectively. A higher Biot value leads to a higher temperature profile. A temperature profile increases with an enhance in the Casson parameter. The addition of a solid fraction will enrich the mass transmission rate in combination with AE.

Metabolic Disorders and Kapha Dosha in Ayurveda

According to Ayurveda Vata, Pitta and Kapha are the three types of energy factors called Doshas which actually control all the functioning of the body and are thus responsible for health and disease. Various types of disorders occur in the body due to derangement of these Doshas. Vata or air factor is responsible for degenerative disorders in the body whereas inflammatory disorders occur due to the derangement of Pitta. Kapha or water factor is responsible for causing the accumulative type of diseases in the body. Most of the lifestyle disorders today like hyperglycaemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, obesity or a cluster of all these in the form of metabolic syndrome are the major consequences of accumulation of certain unwanted substances in the body which increase the fluid level of the body or the imbalanced Kapha leading to the stagnation of the body channels with undigested material or toxins called Ama in Ayurveda. Ama is a sticky material generated due to decreased Agni levels or decreased enzyme secretions leading to defective or incomplete digestion of the food we take producing the byproducts of metabolism which get accumulated in the body with time producing the accumulative disorders. According to Ayurveda, Kapha type people are prone to such ailments. A proper understanding of the balanced and unbalanced Kapha in Ayurveda is helpful in providing an answer to the metabolic disorders.

Adhesion-Lubrication Paradox of Articular Cartilage.

The friction of solids is primarily understood through the adhesive interactions between the surfaces. As a result, slick materials tend to be nonstick (e.g., Teflon), and sticky materials tend to produce high friction (e.g., tires and tape). Paradoxically, cartilage, the slippery bearing material of human joints, is also among the stickiest of known materials. This study aims to elucidate this apparent paradox. Cartilage is a biphasic material, and the most cited explanation is that both friction and adhesion increase as load transfers from the pressurized interstitial fluid to the solid matrix over time. In other words, cartilage is slippery and sticky under different times and conditions. This study challenges this explanation, demonstrating the strong adhesion of cartilage under high and low interstitial hydration conditions. Additionally, we find that cartilage clings to itself (a porous material) and Teflon (a nonstick material), as well as other surfaces. We conclude that the unusually strong interfacial tension produced by cartilage reflects suction (like a clingfish) rather than adhesion (like a gecko). This finding is surprising given its unusually large roughness, which typically allows for easy interfacial flow and defeats suction. The results provide compelling evidence that cartilage, like a clingfish, conforms to opposing surfaces and effectively seals submerged contacts. Further, we argue that interfacial sealing is itself a critical function, enabling cartilage to retain hydration, load support, and lubrication across long periods of inactivity.

A Review of Latent Fingerprint Developed Powder from using Natural Materials

The fingerprint development technique is one of the oldest methods used in forensic science and is a common method of identifying perpetrators. [1] Different powder methods have been accounted for the development of latent fingerprints on various surfaces in the literature, such as lead, titanium oxide, Rhodamine B dye etc., all powders mentioned had been used for the development of latent fingerprints. Some of these methods using powders when exposed to humans, may lead to health problems, and also these methods are expensive in nature [2]. Various fingerprint powder preparations used for fingerprints have a color or contrast and a sticky material for good adhesion [3]. The goal of this review is to compile the research works done by various experts to identify commonly available, everyday materials as fingerprint powders such materials from various categories such as food powders, plant materials, minerals, cosmetics, carbon-based materials, and miscellaneous powders [1]. The powder method is a quick and easy approach to the development of latent fingerprints on porous and nonporous surface [4]. proposing a new powder method, which is simple, nontoxic to human health, cheap in nature, and as well can be utilized for the development of latent fingerprints on various contrast surfaces [2].

Morphological and Ultrastructural Features of Selected Epidendroideae Pollen Dispersal Units and New Insights into Their Chemical Nature.

Orchidaceae display enormous diversity in their flower morphology, which is particularly evident in their pollen dispersal units (pollinia, pollinaria). The packaging of pollen by elastoviscin leads to a great diversity of these morphologically and structurally complex pollen units. Despite being one of the most diverse angiosperm families, the available palynological data on orchids remain limited and sometimes contradicting. This study provides new insights into the pollen morphology and ultrastructure of five orchid species from the subfamily Epidendroideae, using combined light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. The aim was to compare the morphology and ultrastructure of pollen dispersal units and to elucidate the chemical nature of the pollen wall layers and of elastoviscin. Our combined light and electron microscopy investigation demonstrated the presence of six tetrad types even within a single pollinium, which is unique for orchids. The application of different staining methods confirmed the assumed lipidic nature of elastoviscin and the differences in its contrast and ultrastructure suggest a mixture of sticky materials with dissimilar chemical compositions. This study affirmed that sporopollenin is mostly restricted to the outer pollen grains of peripheral tetrads in compact and sectile pollinia, while inner tetrads exhibit highly reduced non-sporopollenin pollen walls.

Effect of Propolis on Fungal Infection for Denture Wearers and Dry Socket

Propolis is consist of various amounts of resins and beeswaxes that produced by the honeybees from different natural plants, as leaf buds and flowers. It is a sticky and dark-brown color material that produced by honey bees from natural plants that the bees mixed it with wax and applied it in building, construction and adaptation of the nests specially in repair cracks and defects in the bees hive. They have been used in medical folk or medical traditional since times of ancient. It is now known to be natural medical treatment with, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxiditive, antitumor and mmunomodulatory properties. These medical properties of propolis are motivating isolation researches, identification of the possible relationship of these with its biological activity, and chemical compounds. It was used in dentistry for healing of surgical wound (or post-surgical mouth pain), tooth hypersensitivity, pulp capping and root canal treatment. Propolis has a promising goal in future medically. This research shows the application of propolis, clinically, as a natural dental medicine. Furthermore; systemic and clinical applications of these drugs may have some adverse effects like liver toxicity, drug interactions etc. Using propolis as antifungal by local application shown that it reduces the incidence of dry socket and denture stomatitis that associated with the Candida. In present study, the propolis has been used in the following manner. It is applied to the tissue surfaces of dentures, two times daily for two weeks. Propolis putty can also applied to dry socket cases after complete debridement and irrigation of it. The results showed after use propolis that the signs and symptoms including pain, redness and inflammation areas related stomatitis were gradually disappear, after 2 to 14 days the denture stomatitis is healing by using a propolis paste. Propolis putty has an effect on the fungal infection of dry socket that gradually reduced pain and inflammation until complete healing. Aim of the study, after the treatment of patients with denture stomatitis, they were subjected to examination and evaluation of the mucosa and socket, Candidal quantitative cultures and confirmation the diagnosis by three methods: Germ tube, Gram Stain, and ChromAgar media.

Field Evaluation of Slow-Release Wax Formulations: A Novel Approach for Managing Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Chemical management of the peach fly, Bactrocera zonata has been compromised due to adverse effects of pesticide residues that not only contaminate environment but also affect non-target organisms including beneficial insects, birds, aquatic life, and soil microorganisms. They can be impacted through direct exposure or by consuming contaminated prey or plants. The present study was designed keeping in view this increasing demand of the consumers to get pesticide residue free fruit and vegetable produce because it reflects the growing consumer concern for food safety and environmental sustainability, motivating the need for alternative pest management strategies. The field experiment was conducted to determine the best slow-release formulation prepared by mixing the following five different types of waxes, including Candelilla wax (CanW), Paraffin wax (PW), Carnauba wax (CarW), Lanolin wax (LW) and Bees wax (BW) with methyl eugenol (ME) (to attract male B. zonata). The selection of the five different types of waxes was likely based on their biodegradability, availability, and potential for slow-release properties. The result revealed that formulations containing SRF-7[LW], SRF-9[CanW], SRF-8[BW], SRF-9[CarW] and SRF-9[PW] exhibited the maximum capture of 42.10 ± 8.14, 43.30 ± 1.76, 34.30 ± 2.96, 35.30 ± 3.18 and 22.70 ± 3.18 male B. zonata per trap per day, respectively. These effective formulations were further evaluated in experiment in which the comparative trapping efficiency of each wax formulation was assessed. The results demonstrated that formulation containing SRF-9[CanW] was expressed maximum capture 13.77 ± 1.26 male B. zonata per trap per day. These formulations were further evaluated in another experiment in which the trapping efficiency was assessed by four different application methods (simple bottle trap, simple bottle trap with water, yellow sticky trap and jute piece with sticky material). The results demonstrated that formulation containing SRF-9[CarW] applied by yellow sticky trap (YST) trapped 61.74 + 7.69 male B. zonata per trap per day and proved more effective. This formulation can be recommended for trapping and management of male population of B. zonata in fruit orchards. This study can influence eco-friendly B. zonata pest control policies, reducing chemical pesticide usage and promoting agricultural sustainability. Future research should study the long-term impact of slow-release formulations on agricultural sustainability, including pest control, crop yield, and agroecosystem health.

Calibration procedure of Discrete Element Method (DEM) parameters for wet and sticky bulk materials

The downtimes associated with blockage events in the materials handling sector have prompted the mining industry to optimise its operations to maximise the profitability of fines and lump products. These blockage events are caused by materials with a high clay or moisture content typically referred to as Wet and Sticky Material (WSM). Numerous methods are commonly used to prevent such blockage events, however, in the majority of cases, they are often too late to prevent the downtime of the system. The Discrete Element Method (DEM) is commonly used to predict and visualise the bulk material flow. DEM is capable of replicating the flow of non-cohesive granular materials with reasonable accuracy, however, when cohesive materials are considered the mechanism becomes much more complex. With the advancement of computational power over the last few decades, it is now more practical to simulate WSMs into DEM.This paper evaluates the capability of three cohesion models to simulate WSMs; the Simplified Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (SJKR) model, the Easo Liquid Bridging model and the Edinburgh Elasto-Plastic Adhesion (EEPA) model. A calibration procedure is proposed where the parameters for each cohesion model are discussed in detail. A series of calibration simulations with systematic parameter variation is undertaken to define a set of calibration matrices. These matrices allow the formation of a parameter database, used for the simulation of on-site applications to optimise plant geometry and other operational parameters. Finally, the numerical model was validated using a lab-scale vertical impact testing facility. Individually, in a transfer chute application, it was determined that none of the 3 cohesion models were suited to WSMs; the SJKR and Easo liquid bridging models were unable to replicate the behaviour, and while the EEPA model was able to replicate the behaviour, extensive solve times deemed it impractical for industrial applications. These limitations were overcome through the coupling of the SJKR and Easo Liquid Bridging models.

Sticky thermoelectric materials collaborate with ultra-thin high performance foam for hierarchically designed flexible peltier sheets

Sticky thermoelectric materials collaborate with ultra-thin high performance foam for hierarchically designed flexible peltier sheets

New insights into double roll crushing

Double roll crushing is a comminution principle that has already been deployed for more than 100 years. It is known for high throughputs of sometimes sticky materials such as overburden. However, its applicability for ore and hard rock processing has been underestimated in recent decades. The presented research results are suitable for drawing attention again for these applications to a robust and reliable group of comminution machines – the double roll crushers (DRC).The paper presents results of extensive investigations exploring the influences of compressive strength, roll peripheral speed, feed particle size distribution, and single large oversized lumps on throughput of a toothed double roll crusher. A pilot-scale crushing plant in a quarry was deployed to test the crusher with limestone, andesite, and diabase. It can be shown that, contrary to other crusher types, within the physical limits of the machine, the throughput of DRC is barely influenced by the feed material’s compressive strength, while the feed particle size distribution or even single oversize lumps in the feed may have a substantial impact.

Lignin used as a green and sustainable Agriculture biomass for renewable application. A Comprehensive review

The use of renewable energy sources is receiving more and more attention, because of the various adverse consequences related to utilizing non-sustainable power sources. In addition to other things, the biomass of horticultural harvests has been demonstrated to be a feasible nonrenewable energy source, pursuing it a seriously charming decision to separate or make steam-added items. These days, the pulp and paper sector produces 50 to 70 million tonnes of lignin annually, and most of it is burned to recover energy. Because it is a naturally occurring aromatic polymer rich in functional hydroxyl groups, lignin has attracted interest from both academia and business for its potential use in the production of polymeric products. Polyurethanes (PUs) are among the most significant polymers that may be produced from lignin, particularly given the variety of uses for which they are used. Lignin has a variety of uses, including those of glue, adhesive, sticky material, furniture, building structures, cement, and biomaterials. In an assortment of specialized, modern, and other environmentally friendly power applications, rice husk and debris are utilized in the ongoing examination to explore new and late green/supportable use. The foundation data on agro-squander applications is additionally given, and how much silica can be delivered from rice husk against other agro-squander sources is differentiated.

A comprehensive evaluation of cofiring biomass with coal and slagging-fouling tendency in pulverized coal-fired boilers

Cofiring coal with various biomasses has received much attention due to environmental factors and is considered a low-cost option. Although cofiring coal with biomass seems feasible, it potentially produces ash, which causes issues in boilers, such as fouling and slagging. This paper comprehensively investigates combustion performances and slagging and fouling behaviors during cofiring biomass and coal. A thorough examination is conducted to investigate the slagging-fouling tendencies employing ash indices. Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry and a pilot combustion experiment using a drop tube furnace (DTF) are performed to investigate the thermal behavior of the materials, including ash observation using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction systems. Results show that cofiring coal with 25% biomass (mixture of empty fruit bunch and palm frond) has the best combustion performance. It is found that cofiring coal with 25% biomass, either empty fruit bunch or frond, increases the risk of slagging with evidence of the decrease of ash fusion temperatures, deposition material, and sticky material in the probe. The results can provide useful information about cofiring behavior and slagging-fouling tendencies before being implemented into a real plant.

Distribution Diaspididae (Insecta) and Control Methods

Scale insects are major pests of crops and ornamental plants, with Diaspididae, Pseudococcidae, and Coccidae being the three most important families. They can cause economic damage by sucking sap, injecting poisons, and transmitting viruses. Mealybugs and soft scales may also cause indirect damage by excreting honeydew onto the plant surface. National phytosanitary services conduct active inspections for these insects, and morphological identification is achievable, but difficult. Diaspididae are a family of fast-breeding insects that suck plant sap and produce a sticky material called pad, which attracts ants. Diaspididae is a type of sap-sucking insect that affects hard-leaved orchids, citrus, ficus, and other plants. Females are aphids and generate wax that provides a protective shield. The shield itself can be circular or extended and can range in color from light to dark brown. Diaspididae produces eggs (up to 3000 pieces) under the shield, from which very small, mobile young individuals hatch. Males have two front wings and can fly to other plants; their life cycle is only a few days long.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Probe and Indicator Device traps for Catch Adults of the Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea)

The Probe trap was tested with three types (empty, water, alcoholic extract of (Vicia faba) respectively and for three periods of time (1, 2, 3) days respectively to catch the cowpea weevil C. maculatus that infests the broad bean seeds prepared for cultivation. It gave a trap Probe catching percentage on the third day of placing the traps respectively (19.16, 62.5, 88.33)% respectively, and the lowest catching percentage on the first day was (5.83, 20, 41.67%) respectively, while the highest percentage of catch was for the Indicator device trap with three species (Grease as sticky material , water, Vicia faba flower extract) for the third day with placing traps (52.5, 70, 72.5%) respectively, and the lowest percentage of catching was on the first day, which was (27.5, 40, 47.5%) respectively. From the experiment, the efficiency of the Probe trap and the Indicator device trap, to which bean flower extract was added, in hunting C. maculatus adults for the same time period, where the extract increased the efficiency of the two traps, followed by water for the same period of time.

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome: Analysis of Case Report

Introduction: The first stool of a newborn child is meconium. Meconium is a sticky material composed of denuded intestinal epithelium cells, bile acid, amniotic fluid, swallowed lanugo hair, digestive enzymes, water and mucus. Post-term infants are more likely to have meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). Meconium aspiration syndrome, a leading cause of severe illness and death in newborns, occurs in about 5 per cent to 10 per cent of births. Case study: A newborn male baby was admitted to the Neonatal Care Unit with the chief complaints of Term, vacuum extraction and thick MSAF and Respiratory Distress skin colour was found to be dark green in the chest and dorsal limb of the body. Breath sound was found to be abnormal with grunting sounds on examination with a stethoscope. The patient’s Clinical symptoms include the appearance of skin colour, and breath sound and Chest radiography shows the diagnosis of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS). The patient was treated with O2 through nasal continuous positive airway pressure, fluid management was based on daily body weight and antibiotics like ampicillin and gentamicin was administered at the time of admission. The Patients caretaker was advised to Kangaroo mother care and direct breastfeeding. Conclusion: Over the years, medication and care for newborns with meconium aspiration have evolved and changed. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in MAS does not change the prognosis of patients. In newborns with extreme and recurrent hypoxemia caused by MAS, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been utilised as a last-resort therapy. Nevertheless, there are still several techniques for preventing and treating meconium aspiration syndrome; therefore research should continue to diminish illness and death caused by Meconium aspiration syndrome.

Hierarchically designed sticky thermoelectric materials to fabricate thinner Peltier sheets and device architectures

Hierarchically designed sticky thermoelectric materials to fabricate thinner Peltier sheets and device architectures

Homogenization increases stickiness of concentrated pea protein - apple pectin mixtures

Food binders must be sticky to glue different components together. This study evaluated the impact of homogenization of pea proteins on the stickiness of pea protein – apple pectin mixtures. A reduction in protein particle size was suggested to improve adhesion and cohesion by increasing reactive surface area, resulting in a sticky material. In addition, impact of concentrating methods, namely freeze-drying and vacuum evaporation, on concentrating the homogenized pea protein dispersions was investigated. A reduced particle size of pea proteins upon homogenization led to an increased stickiness of the biopolymer matrix when the proteins were vacuum evaporated as demonstrated by a tack test. This was attributed to a firmer and more cohesive bulk structure demonstrated by rheological, confocal laser scanning microscopy and visual observations. Vacuum evaporation prevented re-aggregation of protein particles compared to freeze-drying since less water was expelled during vacuum evaporation. These results provide new insights into tuning stickiness of biopolymer mixtures. • Homogenization of pea proteins reduced their particle size. • Vacuum evaporation maintained reduced particle size better than freeze-drying. • Pea protein-apple pectin blends with small particles were more cohesive & stickier.