Step Backwards Research Articles

Autism Early Intervention - Progress, Steps Backward, and the Reconciliation of Conflicting Narratives.

We review recent research on interventions, services and supports for children on the autism spectrum, examining both advancements and setbacks. Progress has included an increase in quantity and rigor of intervention science, as well as a broadening of disciplines and perspectives engaged in the examination of early interventions, including their effectiveness, social validity and the contextual determinants of implementation outcomes. Setbacks have included the decrease in research involving children on the autism spectrum who have co-occurring profound intellectual disability, minimal or no spoken language, and who require constant assistance with daily living activities. This trend is alarming because it contributes to the marginalization and unmet needs of children who need intervention the most. Additionally, access to early intervention services is unequal and complicated by the misalignment of policy with the evolving evidence base in the field. The recent growth in the depth and breadth of knowledge related to autism early intervention means that policies, practices, advocacy efforts and research directions can be grounded on a more comprehensive evidence base and societal appraisal of autism. Nevertheless, these indisputable markers of success co-exist with conflicting narratives that hinder the establishment of a cohesive agenda to tackle inequities experienced by marginalized subgroups. Reconciliation of conflicting narratives requires a nuanced and compassionate appraisal of sources of tensions and heterogeneity of needs within the autism spectrum.

Why logic has not taken a step forward or backwards

The criticism of Immanuel Kant’s logic commenced with the advent of the so-called ‘new logic’ in the 20th century. One particular passage from the second preface to the Critique of Pure Reason has been a source of contention, where Kant asserted that logic has not taken a step forward or backward since Aristotle (B VIII). In Kant scholarship, one current strategy to avoid this criticism is to relocate Kant within the domain of philosophy of logic or by segregating his general logic from modern formal systems. In this paper, it will be contended that this strategy is too weak, given that the B-preface has currently been analyzed in a markedly divergent manner by the so-called ‘methodological interpretation’. In his methodology and history of science of the B-preface, Kant means something different by progress and regression than what his 20th-century critics assume he meant. By examining what Kant and his critics considered to be progress and regress in science and logic, good reasons can be put forward for the argument that Kant was correct in his assertion that logic has not gone a step forward or backward.

Towards a forgotten language I implications of prelinguistic language and aphasia in my vocal works

Prelinguistic language and aphasia share common ground, both in theory as in practice. Approaching the two fields as a pool of information and even more as a metaphor for composing vocal – based music, opens up a new window of tools and potentials. This paper is a collection of concepts, originating from prelinguistic language, aphasia and from my general vocal composition practice. Application examples are given from my own work, for each of these concepts. These concepts are gathered together into one diagram, which eventually questions whether the playful deconstruction that creators often look for is a step forward or backwards in time. Eventually, the paper questions the use of existing texts in composition under the scope of Jungian theory.

Human Milk Banks in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan: One Step Forward and Two Steps Backward

Introduction: In June 2024, Karachi’s largest public health sector Pediatric Hospital, announced its “Shariah Compliant” Human Milk Bank, which the Sindh Government inaugurated as a Maternal and Child Health milestone. This received public and scholarly backlash, and the bank's operations were closed within ten days. This was intensified by the fatwas from the clerics claiming that the protocol was not pragmatic and that the procedural requirements of a truly Sharia-compliant human milk bank could not be met. This issue has garnered significant attention and speculation from major stakeholders over the decades, and it is imperative to delve into its ethical, religious, and legal dimensions. The facts support the need to develop a resource, yet the social, cultural, religious, and legal aspects cannot be undermined. Clinicians, scholars, ethicists, theologians, community members, and all other stakeholders in Pakistan must engage in discourse and propose a resolution to this debate.

The naval Operation Irini of the European Union: a step backwards of the csdp in the fight against the illegal immigration and search and rescue activities in the Mediterranean

Operation Irini is a new EU naval operation, in the framework of CSDP, to address violations of the arms embargo and illicit export of petroleum products in Libya, imposed by the United Nations Security Council. As a second objective, the Operation contributes to the training of Libyan coastguards in their fight against illegal immigration, as well as combating the mafias involved in the smuggling of migrants in the Central Mediterranean. From the outset, the naval operation has had scant resources and, unsurprisingly, its results have been poor in these first three years. In short, this new Operation, in the wake of Sophia’s poor results in the last months of its activity, represents a new setback for the CSDP and for the EU’s ambition to become a relevant actor in contemporary international society. Unfortunately, moreover, allegations of significant violations of migrants’ human rights by Libyan coast guard forces cast a shadow over the EU, which is assisting and training these security forces. Received: 04 September 2023Accepted: 24 January 2024

Conditional Rebates and Intel: A Step Backwards by any Standard?

Abstract This paper considers the law on conditional rebates. It sets out the changes introduced by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) Intel decision and how these have been applied in the General Court Intel Renv case. It is explained that the changes are part of a broader move to bring EU competition law in line with a Consumer Welfare Standard (CWS). An analysis of the new test then reveals that it is flawed for five reasons: the new test ignores the fact that low prices and exclusion are separable. The test incorporates the As-Efficient Competitor test, which only protects firms with low costs, not those that are more competitive as a whole. The test introduces a new standard of harm, which means that the law no longer prevents the restriction of competition, but rather prevents making it impossible for a firm with the same costs as the dominant undertaking to compete, which is a different standard. The new standard diminishes the deterrent effect of the law. Finally, compared with the original test, the CJEU test fails to maximize consumer surplus (despite that being the aim of the CWS). Therefore, there is no reason to retain the test and it is recommended that it is reversed.

Of Israel, Forst & Voltaire: Deism, Toleration, and Radicalism

ABSTRACT In the recent progressive reappraisals of the enlightenment by Jonathan Israel and Rainer Forst, Voltaire figures as almost a reactionary thinker, opposing the radical dimensions of the enlightenment pushing forwards secularisation, democratisation, and toleration. Part 1 examines Israel’s and Forst’s accounts of Voltaire, showing their striking proximity. Part 2 is divided into the three subheadings of (i) Voltaire’s deism, (ii) the pivotal subject of toleration, and (iii) the decisive question of what philosophical radicalism, in the direction of democratising reform, involves. At issue in Israel’s and Forst’s claims that Voltaire’s deism represents a step backwards from Bayle’s and Spinoza’s more radical conceptions of reason and toleration, we will claim, is a shared, anachronistic failure to duly credit Voltaire’s deism’s distance from the revealed religions, and the radicalism of Voltaire’s anti-clericism. In the key claim of the paper, however, we will argue that the larger issue in Israel’s and Forst’s positioning of Voltaire as almost reactionary are a deeper set of assumptions about how we should assess philosophical texts which aim to act in the world, and (evoking Feuerbach) to change it (2, iii). Both Israel and Forst, despite the former’s extensive labours in contextualisation, read the texts of eighteenth century philosophers for their arguments alone, rather than as rhetorical and political acts and interventions which aimed to reach, entertain, and reform an expanding reading public through esprit, art, satire, and rhetoric, as well as by making argumentative contributions to the controversies of the day.

Políticas curriculares no campo da alfabetização no Brasil: dos avanços teórico-epistemológico-didáticos ao apagão contemporâneo

ABSTRACT The study presented in this paper aimed at identifying conceptions of literacy in the approved version of the National Common Curriculum Base - BNCC (Brasil, 2017) and in the National Literacy Policy - PNA (Brasil, 2019). Based on theoretical discussions relating to these fields and curricular policies, it presents documentary research supported by thematic content analysis. As a result, concerning literacy in BNCC, there is a perspective based on teaching the alphabetic code and the mechanics of reading, suppressing the expression alphabetic writing system, so widespread in Brazilian literature. On the literacy axis, although it maintains the idea of social usage of language, based on the various textual genres, it establishes an unnecessary understanding of overcoming the literacy of letters and what is proposed as digital literacy or multiliteracies. Regarding the PNA, there was a notable step backward in literacy, whose reference is the cognitive science of reading. This document goes back to the traditional phonic synthetic method and commits conceptual and epistemological misunderstandings about alphabetic writing, spelling, and reading. It also relies on an unclear conceptualization and progression of literacia throughout basic schooling. It contradicts the National Education Plan, reducing the consolidation of literacy from three to one year. The study showed a clear historical-epistemological-didactic clackout of literacy.

“Migrânea” or “enxaqueca”: A historical and semantic review

IntroductionHeadache is as old as the emergence of man on earth. A classification for headaches has been suggested for many centuries. After the invention of writing, numerous words were created to designate different types of headache.ObjectiveThe objective of this review was to discuss the historical and etymological aspects of the terms “migrânea” and “enxaqueca”.MethodsThis study was an integrative review using articles with historical data on the etymology of the terms “migrânea” and “enxaqueca” and their evolution over the years.ResultsThe terms “migrânea” and “enxaqueca” have Greek and Arabic origins, respectively. Both describe a neurological syndrome characterized by headache and other associated symptoms. Usually, sufferers of this disease are more familiar with the term “enxaqueca” and confuse it with headache, while health professionals prefer the term “migrânea”. ConclusionsAfter so many years that the term "migrânea" has been used, it would be a step backwards to use the term "enxaqueca" again, especially because "migrânea" has been adopted by young neurologists, including those from other specialties.

What Does "Least Restrictive" or "Less Restrictive" Mean in Mental Health Law? Contradictions and Confusion in the Case of Queensland, Australia.

Most legal systems in the West allow for involuntary treatment of mental illness, usually on the basis that without such treatment the person would be a danger to themselves or others. While historically the mental health law jurisdiction has been a protective one, it has become increasingly influenced by civil rights and international human rights law, which privilege the value of autonomy and the right to personal liberty.In this regard, an important principle that has developed is that decisions about treatment for mental illness must be the "least restrictive alternative" available. This may mean, for example, that a person is supported to make a decision on treatment for their mental illness, according to evolving practices of "supported decision-making," so that their legal capacity is still recognized. If involuntary treatment is required, the "least restrictive" approach demands that the liberty and integrity of the person be respected to the greatest extent possible.The Mental Health Act 2016 (Qld) ("MHAQ") prescribes that decision-making on non-consensual treatment should preferably be done according to what it calls the "less restrictive way." However, the "less restrictive way" is defined as decision-making by patients under advance directives, and also by substitute decision-makers, including by attorneys or guardians not appointed by the patient, usually a family member. The MHAQ states that these arrangements are distinguished from and prioritized over what it calls "involuntary treatment and care," where the decision for non-consensual treatment is made by the treating team.However, we argue that these arrangements are not in fact "less restrictive" of the person's autonomy, but are less accountable forms of decision-making. Decision-making by treating teams under involuntary treatment provisions is subject to higher levels of transparency and accountability. In Australian states these decisions are reviewed regularly by a specially constituted, independent mental health tribunal. By contrast, treatment decisions made under the "less restrictive way" are not even defined as constituting involuntary treatment, and are outside the scope of the tribunal's review.In the case of decision-making by advance directive, we acknowledge that this is widely considered to be "less restrictive" of a person's right to legal capacity and autonomy. However, in these cases, the patient may actually be refusing treatment at the time the advance directive is relied upon. This raises serious questions as to whether such "voluntary" admissions and treatment should not be subject to the same oversight and accountability as involuntary ones. Patients have a right to less restrictive forms of decision-making, but when deprived of their liberty, they also have a right to adequate safeguards established by law.The term "less restrictive" in the MHAQ is largely misplaced and misleading. In the case of advance directives, it deflects attention from the potentially restrictive nature of the treatment and the lack of accountability. Even more problematically, the privileging of private substitute decision-making under the less restrictive way ignores the real risk of abuse and undue influence within the personal and family sphere. We argue that the "less restrictive way" under the MHAQ is a step backwards for the rights of patients, in that it shifts power to family on the risky assumption that decision-making by these less supervised individuals is more likely to uphold human rights. We believe that this reflects a pre-feminist assumption that the informal, family, private sphere is nearly always safe. This is a contentious assumption, which nevertheless underpins much unproblematized thinking and advocacy on supported decision-making. This issue also highlights the need for further elucidation and discussion on what least restrictive means in the context of involuntary treatment for mental illness.

The Student.

Ad LibitumJune 2023The StudentLauren Posego, BALauren Posego, BASidney Kimmel Medical College Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M22-3515 Audio Reading - “The Student” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “The Student” by Lauren Posego, BA Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The student knocks quietly at your doorevery morning before the sun is up,after the nurses have checked your vitalsq4h throughout the night,after the residents have performeda full neurologic exam—hammering at the kneespush, pull, open, close“Do you feel this pin I’m pricking you with?”The student comes into do it all over again.The student asks, “Do you have any questions?”and replies, “Let me ask the resident”to each one.While everyone in the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lauren Posego, BAAffiliations: Sidney Kimmel Medical College Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaCorresponding Author: Lauren Posego, BA; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “The Student” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “The Student” by Lauren Posego, BA Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Current IssueJune 2023Volume 176, Issue 6Page: 876 ePublished: 20 June 2023 Issue Published: June 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...

Magician, With Parkinson's.

Ad LibitumJune 2023Magician, With Parkinson’sTerri Kirby Erickson, BATerri Kirby Erickson, BAPfafftown, North CarolinaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M22-3490 Audio Reading - “Magician, With Parkinson’s” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Magician, With Parkinson’s” by Terri Kirby Erickson, BA Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Wasn’t easy, anymore, to pull the rabbits ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Terri Kirby Erickson, BAAffiliations: Pfafftown, North CarolinaCorresponding Author: Terri Kirby Erickson, BA; e-mail, [email protected]rr.com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Magician, With Parkinson’s” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Magician, With Parkinson’s” by Terri Kirby Erickson, BA Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Current IssueJune 2023Volume 176, Issue 6Page: 875 ePublished: 20 June 2023 Issue Published: June 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...

Addressing opioid use disorder: Mexico's step backwards

Addressing opioid use disorder: Mexico's step backwards

Measuring economic crises impact transitioning to a circular economy.

The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s10668-023-03367-x).

Objective quantification of responses to the clinical pull-test in people with Parkinson’s disease

BackgroundPostural instability can occur in the later-stages of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The clinical pull-test is scored on a 0–4 scale on the Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS), with postural instability scored 2 or higher. This ordinal scale does not adequately track progression in early-PD or predict development of postural instability. Research QuestionTo develop a test that quantifiably measured the backward stepping response on the pull-test in early-PD. MethodsParticipants (35 controls and 79 PD participants) were prospectively enrolled in this study. Participants stepped backwards with each shoulder pull at four strengths on an instrumented gait mat. Four spatiotemporal parameters (reaction-time, step-back-time, step-back-distance, step-back-velocity) were quantified using Protokinetics Movement Analysis Software. Spatiotemporal pull-test parameters were compared to standard PD measures using linear regression and correlation coefficients. Repeated measures analysis was used to determine group differences in pull-test parameters. In a subset of participants repeated testing was performed and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine reproducibility of the pull-test parameters. ResultStep-back-distance and step-back-velocity were inversely related to motor UPDRS and freezing of gait questionnaire scores. PD participants had shorter step-back-distance than controls adjusted for age and sex. Repeat assessments in 16 participants, on average 0.7 years apart, showed good agreement on most of the quantified parameters. SignificanceThe backward stepping response in PD participants was quantifiable, reproducible, and related to disease severity and could be used to quantify progression towards postural instability in early-PD.

Fifty in the Sock Drawer

Ad LibitumMay 2023Fifty in the Sock DrawerVirus Log 04.26.2020Maryella Desak Sirmon, MDMaryella Desak Sirmon, MDUniversity of South Alabama Mobile, AlabamaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M22-3068 Audio Reading - “Fifty in the Sock Drawer” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Fifty in the Sock Drawer” by Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail She walked outside, skirt swishing,handed a brown paper bagthrough the car window,paid online, delivered curbside.I extended a folded piece of currency,“For the tip jar.”We stilled, suspended in the moment …sealed together in a rarefied envelope,so unlike the morning sun's bright corona.“That's too much,” she said,an almost imperceptible step backward,left hand raised to breast level,wrist flexed back—right one holdinga dun-colored scarf across her face,this hasty mask leaving her eyes free.I looked to the bookshop behind her.I needed her dream to be therein a week, a year—for both of us.“It ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Maryella Desak Sirmon, MDAffiliations: University of South Alabama Mobile, AlabamaCorresponding Author: Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Fifty in the Sock Drawer” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Fifty in the Sock Drawer” by Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoStar Stuff Maryella Desak Sirmon Waiting for the Ambulance Maryella Desak Sirmon Star Stuff Maryella Desak Sirmon Metrics Current IssueMay 2023Volume 176, Issue 5Page: 731 ePublished: 16 May 2023 Issue Published: May 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...

Not one step backwards in recognition of LGBT+ rights.

Not one step backwards in recognition of LGBT+ rights.

Star Stuff

Ad LibitumMay 2023Star StuffMaryella Desak Sirmon, MDMaryella Desak Sirmon, MDUniversity of South Alabama Mobile, AlabamaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M22-3070 Audio Reading - “Star Stuff” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Star Stuff” by Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The cosmos is within us. We are made of star stuff.—Carl SaganBright star, light starwho are you and I?Atoms compress, nuclei merge into a melded mass of frosty fire flowing into your star-heart, until its core, too heavy to hold more, collapses under cosmic weight, your pivotal point convulses, splintering into sliversborn four billion years before my mother squeezed me through a black hole into light. Her fiery cries, my cold quivery whimpers echo your ancient, passionate paroxysm, birthing carbon and ‘gens’—oxy, hydro, nitro, delivering ingots of iron, zinc, nickel, goldJoni Mitchell was right …We are stardust, we are golden. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Maryella Desak Sirmon, MDAffiliations: University of South Alabama Mobile, AlabamaCorresponding Author: Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Star Stuff” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Star Stuff” by Maryella Desak Sirmon, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoWaiting for the Ambulance Maryella Desak Sirmon Fifty in the Sock Drawer Maryella Desak Sirmon Fifty in the Sock Drawer Maryella Desak Sirmon Waiting for the Ambulance Maryella Desak Sirmon Metrics Current IssueMay 2023Volume 176, Issue 5Page: 732 ePublished: 16 May 2023 Issue Published: May 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...

Breaking isolation: Consciousness-raising as a methodology for academic activism

In this essay we argue that one way to combat the depressing creep of the neoliberal university is to recuperate and re-use consciousness raising (CR) in teaching, administration, research, and engagement. Consciousness-raising can be roughly characterised as first, an apprehending of one’s place in a system, and second, feeling inspired to do something about that system. We propose that CR is an especially helpful way to think about our work in contexts where more structural changes to advance social justice agendas appear to have stalled, or even to have taken a step backwards. There may be potential to co-opt the increasing dominance of individualism in our worlds, by revisiting the role that individual reflection and development plays in social change, as conceptualised within CR. Through examples drawn from our own experiences, we demonstrate how CR happens in our day-to-day interactions, reigniting a sense of meaning in our working lives whilst potentially creating ripples of positive change. We thus call not just for revisiting, but also for reconceptualising and reframing CR rooted in feminist and intersectional praxis as a methodology for academic activism in the contemporary business school.

Missed Directives.

On Being a PatientApril 2023Missed DirectivesGlenn S. Ross, MDGlenn S. Ross, MDSentara Medical Group, Newport News, VirginiaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M22-3199 Audio Reading - “Missed Directives” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Missed Directives” by Glenn S. Ross, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail My mother died the day before my 60th birthday, or at least she should have. My mother at age 88 had accumulated an array of chronic medical conditions, including advanced multifocal arthritis, COPD that was oxygen dependent by day and BiPAP dependent by night owing to carbon dioxide retention, hypertension, chronic anxiety, and a smattering of other ailments. Several years ago, she developed acute respiratory failure after a hip replacement and had to be placed on a ventilator and then reintubated when her first extubation was unsuccessful. From that moment forward, she was resolute in her desire never to be ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Glenn S. Ross, MDAffiliations: Sentara Medical Group, Newport News, VirginiaCorresponding Author: Glenn S. Ross, MD, Sentara Medical Group, 11803 Jefferson Avenue, Suite 140, Newport News, VA 23606; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Missed Directives” Audio. Michael A. Lacombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads “Missed Directives” by Glenn S. Ross, MD Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Current IssueApril 2023Volume 176, Issue 4Page: 580-581 ePublished: 18 April 2023 Issue Published: April 2023 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2023 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...