Stepper Control Research Articles

Application of Step Motor Servo Control Technology in Integrated Thermal Management of Advanced Fighter System

The integrated thermal management of advanced fighter jets directly affects the combat performance of the aircraft. This paper develops a set of multi-cycle integrated thermal management control system, based on the stepper motor drive servo valve. The stepper motor control system is integrated in the aircraft Remote Execution Unit (REU). The controlled information, such as flow, pressure, temperature, is collected and combined through the Remote Interface Unit (RIU). Through the IEEE-1394 bus, feedback achieves deterministic transmission between control-action-response, and through inverse time protection, the high reliable power drive can be achieved. The open-loop vector micro-stepping driving strategy of the stepper motor is designed, simplifying software and hardware designs. The experimental results show that the strategy developed in this paper can better realize the characteristics of two-phase current sine wave, have better acceleration performance, improve the controllability of the opening and closing angle of the stepping motor servo valve, and satisfy the comprehensive thermal management of advanced fighters.

Prototype design for bidirectional control of stepper motor using features of brain signals and soft computing tools

The brain-computer interface (BCI) plays a significant role in supporting specially-abled people to control devices with the brain signals or electroencephalogram (EEG). The proper functioning of BCI systems requires classification algorithms to distinguish between different tasks based on the features extracted from EEG. Motivated by the requirement of designing a reliable BCI with reduced memory and computational cost, this work proposes an EEG controlled stepper motor drive-based aiding device. The drive system is executed in real-time based on the processing and classification of EEG. The scheme initiates with the extraction of discriminatory features from raw time-domain EEG signals using higher-order statistics (HOS) and phase locking value (PLV).Further, with extracted feature vector, the present study contemplates the operation of backpropagation neural network (BPNN), k-Nearest neighbours (k-NN), and support vector machine (SVM). Signal classification by SVM in conjugation with nonlinear principal component analysis (NLPCA) is implemented to reduce the feature vector dimension. Average classification accuracy of 82.70% and 80.46% is achieved using NLPCA with SVM for PLV and HOS features. The classifier output is utilized to spin the stepper motor clockwise and anticlockwise as needed. The control of stepper motor uses the classifier output and hence the brain signals are implemented on a laboratory-developed digital test bench comprising of TI TMS320F28379D launchpad DSP board and MITSUMI stepper motor. The validation of the proposed scheme for different signals reflects its effectiveness in combining the software and hardware aspects required for realizing an actual BCI system for real-time settings.

Influence of Microstepping Signal Shape on Shaft Movement Precision and Torque Variation of the Stepper Motor

Stepper motors are widely used in many applications where discrete, precise movement is required. There is a variety of dedicated stepper motor controllers (sometimes referred to as “step sticks”) available on the market. Those controllers provide a number of different motor control schemes that vary by aspects like current control method, reference current shape or maximum resolution increase (microstepping). The two most widely acknowledged signal shapes are sine-cosine microstepping and quadrature microstepping. The choice of the control scheme impacts torque output, torque variation, positioning error and maximum power supply requirements. This paper presents a family of generalised microstepping signal shapes, ranging from sine-cosine microstepping to quadrature microstepping. Derivation of signal shapes as well as their mathematical analyses are provided. Those signals are then implemented on the control board. A series of experiments is performed on a test bench to analyse the influence of different signal shapes on the performance of the motor in both load and no load conditions. The comparison of the new generalized shapes influence on the motor operation to the commonly used sine-cosine and quadrature control is provided.

Integrating Step Motor Movement Half-Step and Full-Step by Labview

This paper represents the performance of placement control of step motor (Brushless DC electric motor) using LabVIEW. Step motors are Applicable in many industries and factories where accurate control of motor position is necessary. In this work, half step and full step manner of step motor control is implemented. The experiment outcome show that half step manner makes an angle of 0.6 degree per step (300 steps), considering full step makes 1.2 degree per step (150 steps). With LabVIEW the arrangement has friendly communication, better control result and uncomplicated control in both ways.

GONIOMETER CONTROL

The control unit for the goniometer has been developed and manufactured. The unit includes four independent programmable stepper motor control channels, three logical channels for analyzing the state of limit switches and a power supply. Powerful field-effect transistors of the company International Rectifier are used as controlled power switches. To generate output signals and communicate with a computer, an ATmega328 microprocessor is used in each control channel. This channel design allows you to control almost any type of stepper motors, you only need to replace the control program. The software is written using the WinAVR package which has a General Public License. Data transfer between the computer and the unit is carried out via the USB interface.

Wireless stepper motor control and optimization based on robust control theory

<img src="blob:http://ijra.iaescore.com/f3842e5c-715f-4e1e-9ffd-952309f5ccb1" alt="" />Stepper motors are broadly utilized in actual systems, which are marked by non-linear parameters such as internal, external noises and uncertainties from wireless network. As well, a suitable controller is required when the problem is to track the target signal. In this paper, robust controller based on model reference are investigated to wireless control and optimize position and time in stepper motors. The core impression to build a robust controller is to use a model reference control system. Furthermore, simulations are implemented to control stepper motor position and time in two cases: first, when the wireless network without any delay and packet dropout. Second, uncertain equations when the wireless network with time delays and packet dropout. Simulation results demonstrate that proposed controller has achieved and enhanced the performance in tracking and robustness.

Fault Tolerant Discrete Control Technique for PV Fed Stepper Motor Drive

This paper deals with the fault tolerant discrete control technique for the Photo Voltaic (PV) fed 3-phase stepper motor (SM). The operation of stepper motor is complex under high speed applications due to dificulty in locating the step-angle and there is a chance of missing the step-angle. A robust discrete sliding mode control (DSMC) algorithm is developed to overcome this problem along with the fault tolerant topology. The drive is powered by PV array and using perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm maximum power is retrieved from the source. The closed loop control of this drive is implemented using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation software and the speed control of stepper motor is achieved by introducing stepped reference signal. The fault tolerance is verified by introducing open circuit (OC) and short circuit (SC) faults in the driver circuit and the speed response of the same is plotted. The robustness of the discrete controller is proved by introducing changes in the irradiance of PV array, changes in reference speed and faults in the driver circuit. The oveall system is cheap, compact, robust and reliable under all test conditions and suitable for very low and very high speed applications.

Design and Analysis of Wind Turbine Blade

Wind turbine is utilizing the active energy come from the wind for producing the power by using the ac generators. The created electrical force is provided to the lattice. The created energy mostly relies upon the wind speed and the cleared space of the turbine. As the wind speed increments in like manner the components of the blades of wind turbine diminishes. The blades are made auto flexible with the assistance of stepper engine and control unit mounted on it. Different planning angles are discussed while keeping up with the created power. The wind turbine blades power and productivity has been estimated at various tip-speed-proportions. Present work gives a knowledge into the plan parts of a wind turbine, similar to turbine blade configuration, wind force and yield power computation. This paper presents a significant design and analysis of wind turbine blade.

Design of a scanning thermocouple inhomogeneity

Inhomogeneities are known to develop within thermoelements exposed to elevated temperatures, resulting in temperature measurement errors and reduced energy efficiency. During process, it is important to determine how much the inhomogeneities affect the measurement result. Thermoelectric inhomogeneity is important factor of the calibration for budget uncertainty calculation. It is normally assessed by gradual, insertion of a thermocouple into a furnace or liquid bath. But, the length that can be scanned by using this equipment typically limited. It need an equipment to scan more length of wire thermocouple to see characteristic of thermocouple. This paper described development design double gradient method for measurements of inhomogeneities in type K and T thermocouples with various diameter and temperature scanning using hot air that can produce heating process up to 600 °C with some sensor to detection real temperature output from hot air source. Therefore, an equipment with a short, movable heating zone to scan along the thermocouple while both the measuring and reference junctions using ice bath are kept at 0 °C. The design of the equipment system was focused on measuring the stability of hot air and controlling the movement of the stepper motor control using a microcontroller. Interpretation of the measurement results and calculation of inhomogeneity using movable heating zone of type K and T thermocouples of the uncertainty budget is presented.

Position Control Based on Add-on-Type Iterative Learning Control with Nonlinear Controller for Permanent-Magnet Stepper Motors

In this paper, a current-error-based iterative learning controller (ILC) with a nonlinear controller is proposed to improve the position-tracking performance in permanent-magnet (PM) stepper motors. Our proposed method comprises a current-error-based ILC for mechanical dynamics and a nonlinear controller for current dynamics. A nonlinear controller using a variable structure is designed to obtain the field-oriented control. This nonlinear controller can cause the PM stepper motor become a single-input single-output linear system after finite time. The add-on-type ILC with proportional–integral control is designed to improve the position-tracking performance as the systems repeatedly perform the same operation. To increase the rate of error convergence, the current-error-based ILC is designed using the plant inversion method. The condition that the error converges to zero is mathematically derived. Thus, the proposed method can reduce the position-tracking error as the systems repeatedly perform the same operation. Furthermore, the proposed method can be easily plugged into the pre-designed controller. The performance of our proposed method was evaluated via simulations. In simulations, it is observed that the proposed method reduces the position-tracking error compared to the previous methods.

Stepper motor control system based on the ZET 7160-s module and the ZETLAB SCADA system

The paper shows the features of the development of an automated stepper motor control workstation using the visual programming environment of the ZETLAB SCADA system, which reduces the development time by using ready-made hardware and software modules.The control scheme of the stepper motor driver based on the digital modules ZET 7176, ZET 7160-s of the ZETSENSOR series, interacting on the basis of the CAN 2.0 interface, is considered.The absence of hardware inputs of the ZET 7160-s module responsible for working with end and emergency switches, which complicate the implementation of algorithms for precise positioning of the control object, is noted.The software limitation of the firmware of the ZET 7160-s hardware module and the graphic component “ZET 7xxx_1 configuration” of the visual programming environment of the ZETLAB SCADA system is shown, which does not provide sequential input of the same motion parameters to the stepper motor control module.

Nonlinear Gain Position Control Using Only Position Feedback for Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors

This article proposes a robust nonlinear position control for permanent magnet stepper motors. We develop a new single-input single-output model that consists of position, velocity, and acceleration using a commutation scheme to lump a system function and an external disturbance into a disturbance. An augmented observer is designed to estimate the position, velocity, acceleration, and disturbance. Because the disturbance refers to external disturbance, acceleration dynamics, and parameter uncertainties, it is difficult to accurately estimate disturbance without the high observer gain. It may result in the degradation of the position tracking performance. The nonlinear controller is then developed using backstepping to suppress the position tracking error using the input-to-state stability property. The key innovation of the proposed method is the design of the nonlinear gain to suppress the position tracking error according to the disturbance estimation error. Thus, the use of the high observer gain to accurately estimate the disturbance can be avoided. The proposed control algorithm was experimentally verified using the PM stepper motor control system and can be easily implemented in real-time using position measurements only.

NARMA-L2 controller for stepper motor used in single link manipulator with low-speed-resonance damping

Stepper motors are used in robotic applications, industrial machines, and many different application areas. Mechanical resonance problems occur in the control of stepper motors at low speeds. In the control of robotic systems with nonlinear characteristics, conventional control methods are inadequate. Single link manipulators are the most basic structure used in the identification and control of the nonlinear load in robotic systems. In this study, the control of single link manipulator was performed using the stepper motor. As in a real system, the single link manipulator is modelled by connecting to the stepper motor via the gearbox. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based NARMA-L2 controller was preferred for the control of the stepper motor. The NARMA-L2 controller offers superior performance especially in the control of nonlinear loads. Firstly, simulation of the single link manipulator and the stepper motor, which also included resonance moments, was carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Then the training data of the NARMA-L2 controller was created and the training process was realized. Position control of the stepper motor was performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment using conventional control method and NARMA-L2 controller. The simulation results were obtained at three different speeds and for different angle values. By comparing the conventional control method with the proposed control method, the superior performance of the NARMA-L2 controller in the speed and position control of the motor was demonstrated.

Position Regulator With Variable Cut-Off Frequency Mechanism for Hybrid-Type Stepper Motors

This study addresses the position-tracking problem for hybrid-type stepper motors in the rotational $d-q$ coordinate system. The proposed controller aims to govern position behavior with the desired low-pass filter from the reference (input) to the position (output). A perturbed form of machine dynamics is adopted to handle both parameter variations and load uncertainties and the control law has two main advantages. First, the real-time auto-tuner increases the closed-loop cut-off frequency during transient periods and restores it to its nominal value as it approaches the steady state. Second, disturbance observers improve the closed-loop robustness against high-frequency disturbances and ensure the offset-free property without additional integral actions. The experimental results validate the practical advantages from the proposed controller with a 10-W prototype stepper motor control system.

Electronic circuit design of stepping motor based on 51 single chip microcomputer

With the development of automatic control system and the improvement of high-precision control requirements, stepping motor plays an increasingly important role in various automation equipment. The stepping motor control system designed in this paper takes STC89C51 as the core, LCM12864 as the display module, and eight independent keys as the control function keys. It realizes the start and stop state, speed and running distance, forward and backward control of the stepping motor, and adds Hall sensor to measure the speed of the stepping motor. Using SCM as the main control chip not only simplifies the hardware circuit, but also reduces the system cost. The system increases the interactive experience between people and machines, and maximizes the economic benefits, saves resources, and can be better applied to the actual daily life.

Автоматизированная универсальная установка для измерения оптических и магнитооптических параметров ферромагнитных металлов и сплавов при отражении света

Due to the fact that the optical and magneto-optical parameters during reflection are determined in different experimental installations, each time it is necessary to adjust the studied sample. This leads to various errors and wastes time. Therefore, it was decided to combine the two installations into one whole and by automating the processes to determine the parameters with the same adjustment. For automation, a unit for automation of measurement modes and a stepper motor control device were developed and introduced into the experimental setup.

A simple bridge to operate an AC susceptometer

We have designed and fabricated an inexpensive AC susceptometer which works around room temperature. The susceptometer uses the principle of a mutual inductance bridge with a null detection algorithm. The bridge was balanced by two digitally controlled stepper motors coupled with two highly linear potentiometers. The susceptometer was tested with double-perovskite structured samples with transition temperatures close to room temperature. The apparatus would be very useful for low-budget research laboratories which deal with magnetic experiments.

Reducing Position Errors by Vibration Optimization of Stepper Motor Drive Waveforms

Open-loop control of stepper motors reduces system cost and complexity for positioning systems. To produce a precise current waveform, a novel open-loop control implementation of a hysteresis current controller is presented and compared to the existing pulse-width modulation method. The new method extends the resolution available for a given sampling rate, allowing finer control of the motor current. Applications for precision positioning minimize external disturbances but a real, nonideal, motor introduces vibration, and nonuniform motion. Microstepping of the drive waveform approximates a continuous motion to reduce these effects but they are not fully modeled or understood. The proposed current controller is assembled with a hybrid stepper motor to verify the method experimentally. A differential evolution optimizer is applied with the complete physical system in the loop. To measure vibration, a low cost contact microphone is used, eliminating the requirement for expensive rotational sensors. This method is shown to reduce vibration across different speeds. Comparing the microstep positions of a standard sinusoidal waveform and the waveform optimized to reduce vibration, an improvement in position accuracy is also found.

Quantification of the phase fraction in multiphase steel and 2D design using mini CNC plotter

This present experimental setup is about designing a low cost three axis Mini CNC plotter using stepper motor, Arduino microcontroller and motor control software. This present experimental plotter deals with a low cost CNC plotter which can be further modified into small - medium size or an open structure as per the requirement. The demand for Computer Numerical Control (CNC) plotter machines in educational institutions and laboratories are rapidly rising with the advancement of technology. Current investigation will present an affordable model of a CNC plotter machine which is able to draw different microstructural phase fraction identification layout for further FE analysis of multiphase steel, automotive layout and any other solid surface using simple algorithm. First of all, image file or text file is converted into G code using Inkscape software and then feed it to the machine using processing software. The microcontroller converts G-code into a set of machine language instruction to be sent to the motor driver of the CNC plotter. L293D Motor Shield accordingly instructs the stepper motor how to move, combine, and synchronize motions of stepper motor ends in a good image.

Monitoring Infusion Pump Via Wireless (Occlusion part)

Infuse pump is a medical equipment which is design to control and regulate the administration of intravenous fluids in the treatment.. This module uses the L298N motor driver as a stepper motor controller. The choice of the infuse pump setting is the volume setting from 100 ml to 500 ml and the speed setting of 30 ml / hour, 60 ml / hour, and 90 ml / hour. The author uses the Atmega 328 microcontroller as a droplet controller per minute, volume and speed. Occlusion in this device is in the detector of the droplets that are alerted in the presence of a sound buzzer. This tool is also equipped with monitoring volume, tpm and speed on a wireless-based PC using HC-11 as a transmission from module to PC. This tool is equipped with oclusion. The flow rate data processing in IDA from infusion got the highest error result at the setting of 30 ml / hour which was equal to 5.97%. the highest error for the calculation of droplets in the module is the setting of 30 ml / hour which is equal to 32% and manually at setting 60 which is 23%.