Influence of Microstepping Signal Shape on Shaft Movement Precision and Torque Variation of the Stepper Motor

Bogdan Bednarski,Andrzej Gałecki,Krzysztof Jackiewicz

doi:10.3390/en14196107

Abstract

Stepper motors are widely used in many applications where discrete, precise movement is required. There is a variety of dedicated stepper motor controllers (sometimes referred to as “step sticks”) available on the market. Those controllers provide a number of different motor control schemes that vary by aspects like current control method, reference current shape or maximum resolution increase (microstepping). The two most widely acknowledged signal shapes are sine-cosine microstepping and quadrature microstepping. The choice of the control scheme impacts torque output, torque variation, positioning error and maximum power supply requirements. This paper presents a family of generalised microstepping signal shapes, ranging from sine-cosine microstepping to quadrature microstepping. Derivation of signal shapes as well as their mathematical analyses are provided. Those signals are then implemented on the control board. A series of experiments is performed on a test bench to analyse the influence of different signal shapes on the performance of the motor in both load and no load conditions. The comparison of the new generalized shapes influence on the motor operation to the commonly used sine-cosine and quadrature control is provided.

Highlights

Stepper motors have become a motion actuator of choice in many small-to-medium devices, such as CNC machines, robots, office printers, 3D printers and other devices, where a precise movement with a well-defined angular resolution is a crucial operating factor [1,2,3,4,5,6]
The aim of this paper is to provide other meaningful pattern choices for microstepping signals which represent a middle ground between smooth operation of sine-cosine and high peak torque output of quadrature microstepping
A novel generalization of the sine-cosine and quadrature signal to a whole family of the p-norm unit circle for a stepper motor is presented in the paper

Summary

Introduction

Stepper motors have become a motion actuator of choice in many small-to-medium devices, such as CNC machines, robots, office printers, 3D printers and other devices, where a precise movement with a well-defined angular resolution is a crucial operating factor [1,2,3,4,5,6]. In such cases, the square current phasor path pattern can be recommended [5], as it provides higher torque margin (at least in some positions). The aim of this paper is to provide other meaningful pattern choices for microstepping signals which represent a middle ground between smooth operation of sine-cosine and high peak torque output of quadrature microstepping. This is achieved via a generalization of sine-cosine and quadrature signal to the whole family of p-norm unit circles [7]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion