Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe, Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Nationalist. Fascism, Genocide, and Cult. 654 pp. Stuttgart: ibidem, 2014. ISBN-13 978-3838206042. $45.00. Myroslav Shkandrij, Nationalism: Politics, Ideology, and Literature, 1929-1956. 344 pp. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015. ISBN-13 9780300206289. $85.00. Yolodymyr Viatrovych, Drub a pol's'ko-ukrains'ka viina, 1942-1947 (The Second Polish-Ukrainian War, 1942-47). 287 pp. Kyiv: Vydavnychyi dim Kyevo-Mohylians'ka akademiia, 2011. ISBN-13 978-9665185673. With Ukraine and its prospects recently in the news, its dramatic, often tragic past has also come to the fore. One of its contentious aspects is the history of the Organization of Nationalists (OUN) and the Insurgent Army (UPA). Throughout the Cold War, the nationalist movement of the first half of the 20th century was vigorously defended by diaspora scholars in North America and the West more generally, while it was the subject of consistent and often hyperbolic denunciation in the Soviet press and literature. (1) Since 1991, more discursive space and archives in Ukraine have opened to allow for a reevaluation of various aspects of the movement, including its theoretical underpinnings, especially in relation to right-wing radicalism and fascism in interwar Europe; its cooperation with Nazi Germany; the use of violence against Ukraine's minorities and even other Ukrainians; the relationship with US intelligence after the war; and biographical studies of the movement's leaders and thinkers. A number of scholars have produced new and integrative works in the past five to ten years that tackle an array of issues on nationalism. (2) At the same time, there has also been a tendency to define the debate within the crude parameters of the Cold War era: for example, whether the OUN and the UPA were protectors of Ukrainians or mass-murdering fascists. (3) Therefore this reevaluation of nationalism is very much a work in progress. In this context, the three new books under review discuss different aspects of nationalism from diverging perspectives. These are Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe's of Stepan Bandera, the most influential nationalist leader; Myroslav Shkandrij's history of nationalist writers and ideologues; and Volodymyr VTatrovych's polemical publication on mass violence between Ukrainians and Poles during World War II. Two books are by established scholars, Myroslav Shkandrij and Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe, the third by Ukraine's most influential national-memory activist, who has a degree in history and is now the head of its Institute of National Memory, Volodymyr Viatrovych. It is necessary to situate their works within the contexts from which they have emerged, consisting of debates about both the history and the memory of nationalism. Recently, a leading historian, Yaroslav Hrytsak, has remarked that in 25 years of independence, Ukrainian historians have not managed to write a single good biography of Stepan Bandera, a topic of such great interest in both Ukraine and Russia. (4) Indeed, it may speak to the lasting explosiveness of Bandera in contemporary debates that the first historian to do so was not a but a Polish historian trained in Germany, Grzegorz Rossolinski-Liebe. (5) The author in his voluminous study reveals why society, including much of its scholarly community, seems reluctant to face the full legacy of the most famous and notorious nationalist of the 20th century. Rossolinski-Liebe not only provides Bandera's biography, focusing on his ideas and politics, but also examines the historical context of nationalism, in particular, of the OUN and the UPA. Furthermore, he discusses Bandera's legacy since his death in 1959, tracing his cult in the West and its export to post-Soviet Ukraine after 1991. …