Bandera, masowa przemoc i odpowiedzialność. Czy Stepan Bandera był odpowiedzialny za zbrodnie popełnione przez OUN i UPA?

Abstract

Stepan Bandera’s responsibility for crimes committed by the members of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), partisans of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), and also nationalists dedicated to him, who fought in other formations, has been discussed in academic debates and instrumentalized in political discourses. When some authors claim that Bandera was fully responsible for all kinds of crimes committed by the OUN and UPA, other argue that he cannot be responsible for these crimes because he was not directly involved in their execution or he was not in Ukraine when they were done. The article presents different kinds of crimes and massacres committed on Bandera’s order or by devoted to him actors, and explains to which extent and in which sense Bandera was responsible for them.