Thermal Decomposition Steps Research Articles

Study on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(Lactic acid)/Poly(Butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/Office Wastepaper Fiber Biodegradable Composites

Office wastepaper fibers(OWF)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biodegradable composites with different mass ratio were made by melt blending and injection moulding process. At the same time, the use of MAPLA and KH560 was studied as a potential approach for improving interfacial adhesion between OWF, PBAT and PLA. The results revealed that with the increasing of PBAT, the notched impact strength of PLA/PBAT/OWF composites can be first increased and then decreased. When the content of PBAT was 20 wt%, the notch impact strength of PLA/PBAT/OWF composite was the highest, increased by 291% compared with pure PLA. TGA results revealed that the onset degradation temperature of the composites can be increased and its thermal decomposition step can be changed. According to the crystallization and melting performance table, OWF can act as nucleating agent to promote the crystallization properties of composites, while PBAT can prevent the crystallization and the higher the content is, the more obvious it is. It can be seen from the SEM figures that the addition of MAPLA and KH560 simultaneously makes the composites interface bond closer, thus improving the interface performance of PLA/20PBAT/OWF composite. Among the three kinds of modified composites, PLA/20PBAT/OWF/MK composite has the lowest water absorption and the best comprehensive performance.

Crystal structures, thermal decomposition kinetics and thermodynamic properties of lanthanide Ho(III) complex with 2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid and 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine

The ternary lanthanide Ho(III) complex, [Ho(2,5-DClBA)3(5,5′-DM-2,2′-bipy)]2 (2,5-DClBA=2,5-dichlorobenzoate; 5,5′-DM-2,2′-bipy=5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) has been successfully synthesized via conventional solution method at room temperature. The complex is characterized by coordination titration analysis, elemental analysis, Infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. In addition, the structure of the complex was characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results reveal that complex is a binuclear molecular, crystallizing in the triclinic system P ī space group. Each binuclear unit contains two crystallographically independent Ho(III), six 2,5-DClBA and two 5,5′-DM-2,2′-bipy ligands. The binuclear units are assembled into 1D and 2D supramolecular structures by C–H···Cl hydrogen bond and Cl-π interactions. Thermal behavior of the complex was determined by TG-DSC/FTIR techniques. The second thermal decomposition step for complex was calculated by integral iso-conversional nonlinear (NL-INT) method. The value of activation energy E varies slightly with α , indicating that the second decomposition stage of the title complex is single step reaction. Therefore, the improved double equal-double steps method is used to determine the mechanism function of the second thermal decomposition step of the complex. At the same time, the thermodynamic parameters (Δ H ≠ , Δ G ≠ and Δ S ≠ ) and kinetic parameters (activation energy E and the pre-exponential factor A ) of the complex were also calculated. Heat capacity of the complex was measured by a DSC instrument.The experimental molar heat capacity can be fitted to the polynomial equation with the reduced temperature by the means of least square method. Based on the fitted polynomial and thermodynamic equations, the smoothed heat capacity, enthalpy and entropy were calculated.

Comparative characterization of biogenic and chemical synthesized hydroxyapatite biomaterials for potential biomedical application

Abstract This present study illustrates the processing and comprehensive characterization of biogenic hydroxyapatite (FB-HAp) biomaterial from fish bone (Tuna fish) in a facile single step thermal decomposition procedure. Fish bones were calcined at 1000 °C in an air atmosphere for 1 h. The obtained FB-HAp flakes were ball milled for 30 h at a unidirectional milling speed of 300 rpm. A well-established wet chemical process was obtained to synthesize HAp nanoparticles (C-HAp). The synthesized non-stoichiometric (Ca/P = 1.87) FB-HAp phases were identified by X-ray diffraction study and compared with C-HAp. The thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the structural and functional groups of FB-HAp and C-HAp. The morphological and elemental analysis was performed by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Inductive coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. The synthesized FB-HAp and C-HAp were mixed with 2% starch porogen and compacted with ∼200 MPa unidirectional pressure to obtained small pellet scaffolds. The obtained scaffolds were sintered at 1000 °C in an air atmosphere for 2 h and further used for cell attachment and proliferation study. The FB-HAp biomaterials showed non-toxic behavior with MG-63 osteoblast cell lines similar to C-HAp. Additionally, FB-HAp scaffold showed enhanced cellular attachment and proliferation on its surface. The in-depth chemical, structural, and morphological analysis suggest that fish bone could be a promising sustainable biogenic source of HAp for biomedical applications.

Development of a new vacuum impregnation method at room atmosphere to produce silver–copper oxide nanoparticles on activated carbon for antibacterial applications

ABSTRACT A new impregnation method was tested in this study. Without a stabilizing agent, silver and copper metallic compounds were directly impregnated on activated carbon using vacuum impregnation followed by drying at 100°C and vacuum impregnation followed by thermal decomposition at 350°C in an ambient atmosphere. The effect of thermal decomposition on the structural, morphological, and textural characteristics of the modified nanomaterials was analysed by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-Ray, and transmission electron microscopy. The characteristics of the produced materials were not altered. Silver and CuO nanoparticles were identified in the samples with average diameters ranging from 33.3–36.8 nm and 29.0–33.3 nm, respectively. The materials were tested for their antibacterial capacity and for their potential to leach Ag and Cu into water, thus analysing the effect of the thermal decomposition process on the impregnation process. The vacuum impregnation process followed by thermal decomposition produced the best results, with the resultant material reducing bacterial abundance by 5.31–6.61 log and leaching only low concentrations of metals into the water (Ag – 0.010–0.025 mg L−1 and Cu – 0.270–0.361 mg L−1). Samples produced without the thermal decomposition step reached bacterial reductions of 1.86–1.97 log and yielded higher concentrations of metals in the water (Ag – 0.051–0.086 mg L−1 and Cu – 0.819–0.894 mg L−1).

Nano lily-buds garden like ZnO nanostructures based gas sensor for H2 detection

Nano lily-buds (NL-buds) garden like ZnO nanostructure synthesized by simple single step thermal decomposition method. XRD result confirmed the hexagonal (Wurtzite phase) crystal structure, and FESEM micrograph shows the formation of NL-buds like ZnO nanostructure. The chemical states and elemental composition of the elements were studied using XPS and EDS respectively. The maximum sensitivity ∼178 was recorded for ZnO sample at 180 °C for 80 ppm of H2 exposure with a fast response time of the order of ∼1–2 s. ZnO NL-buds sensor attained a reversible, and high response towards H2 gas signifying it as a potential candidate for H2 sensor application.

Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of 7-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)diazenyl)-5-nitroquinolin-8-ol.synthesis, thermal, spectral, electrical measurements, molecular modeling and biological activity

The titled new azo-compound namely, 7-((1H-benzo [d]imidazol-2-yl) diazenyl)-5-nitroquinolin-8-ol, and its Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been designed and prepared. These compounds were characterized by spectral and analytical techniques. The IR spectral data suggested that the free compound behaves as dibasic tridentate via deprotonated OH, NH and N atom of azo group. Cr(III) and Ni(II) complexes have octahedral, Mn(II) and Cu(II) complexes have square planar while Co(II)complex has tetrahedral geometry. The molecular parameters were calculated to secure the geometry of the complexes. The thermal studies have been undertaken as an additional information to confirm the structure of the studied complexes. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the thermal decomposition steps were evaluated using three mechanistic equations at different heating rates (5–15 °C/min). The activities of the ligand and its complexes have been tested as antimicrobial strains. All complexes have higher biological activity than free ligand. The solid state electrical conductivity of the metal complexes was measured.

Pronounced light trapping effect and enhanced photo-electrochemical property of type (II) aligned graphitic-C3N4 with embedded 1-D ZnO nanostructures

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with embedded 1D-ZnO nanostructures was prepared by simple two step thermal decomposition process. Photocatalyst exhibited higher optical absorption than pure ZnO due to π-π conjugations of C3N4, which thus allow greater adsorption on its surface. Conduction band (CB) edge of g-C3N4 being more negative than ZnO and Valence band (VB) of ZnO is more positive than VB of g-C3N4; this alignment of Type (II) resulted in transfer of excited electrons in g-C3N4 to the CB of ZnO. This charge transfer created the internal electrostatic potential, which aided in reducing the recombination rate of charge carriers. Finally, samples were tested for photo-electrochemical activity measured by generated photocurrent density with respect to voltage and time under illumination conditions.

The mixed ligand complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with coumarilic acid/1,10-phenanthroline

The coumarilate (coum−) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) mixed ligand complexes of Co(II) (1), Ni(II) (2) Cu(II) (3) and Zn(II) (4) were synthesized and structural characterizations were performed by using elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, solid-state UV–Vis, FTIR spectra, thermoanalytical TG-DTG/DTA and single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes are salt-type compounds, and they have two moles phen ligands bound as bidentate, two moles aqua ligands in coordination sphere and two moles anionic coum− ligand outside of the coordination unit as the counter-ion of the molecular structure. At the same time, the Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes have five moles of aqua ligands as hydrated water outside of the molecules. It was obtained that Cu(II) and Zn(II) complex structures contain one mole of phen ligand, two moles coordinated (coum−) ligand and a one-mole aqua ligand, and the molecules (Cu(II) and Zn(II)) have fivefold structure and obey square pyramidal geometry. Thermal decomposition of each complex started with dehydration (the first removal is the dehydration of complex Co(II) and Ni(II) as removal of hydrate–aqua molecules), and then, the decomposition of organic parts was observed. The thermal dehydration of the complexes takes place in one (Cu(II) and Zn(II)) or two (Co(II) and Co(II)) steps. The decomposition mechanism, thermal decomposition steps and thermal stability of the investigated complexes provide useful data for the interpretation of their structures. The final decomposition products were found to be metal oxides. Some biological applications (antifungal/antibacterial) were performed using structurally characterized compounds.

Novel mixed ligand complexes of acesulfame / nicotinamide with some transition metals. Synthesis, crystal structural characterization, and biological properties

The salt type mixed ligand metal complexes of CoII (I), NiII (II), CuII (III), ZnII (IV) and MnII (V) were synthesized using neutral ligand nicotinamide and anionic ligand acesulfame. The structural characterizations of complexes were performed by using elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, solid-state UV–Vis, FTIR spectra, thermoanalytic TG-DTG/DTA, and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The complexes of I, III, IV, and V were obtained suitable crystal form for single crystal analysis by SC-XRD diffraction. The complexes of II was believed that the others structures so, the spectroscopic results of all the complexes are suitable for each other. The complexes are salt type compounds, and they have 2 mol nicotinamide ligands as monodentate coordination to metal center by pyridine N atoms and 4 mol aqua ligands in coordination sphere and 2 mol anionic acesulfamate ligands located outside of coordination unit as a counter ion. The metal(II) cationic atoms in complexes have octahedral geometry. Thermal decomposition steps of compounds are started with dehydration.

Non-isothermal kinetics study on the thermal decomposition of brucite by thermogravimetry

The non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of brucite under nitrogen atmosphere was studied using thermogravimetry and XRD techniques. The curves of mass loss with temperature implied that the first step of thermal decomposition took place at 300–400 °C, followed by a relatively slow process up to 600 °C. The initial decomposition temperature was significantly affected by heating rate, but it had no obvious influence on the total yield of water molecules. The apparent activation energies were calculated to be 144.29 kJ mol−1 to 148.82 kJ mol−1 in the given range of conversion, and the dependence of E on the extent of conversion indicated the existence of a consecutive process. The kinetic differential equation was established as dα/dT = (1.68 × 109/β) exp(− 1.70 × 104/T) (1 − α). The thermal decomposition could be described by first-order single reaction model for the main step, whereas it was dominated by the diffusion of water molecule at the mid-late stages.

Some novel nanostructure Schiff base compounds: Antimicrobial and thermal behaviors

AbstractIn this paper, five new zinc‐Schiff base compounds formulated as ZnLX2 (L is a new N3‐Schiff base ligand obtained by condensation reaction between diethylenetriamine and (Z)‐3‐(4‐(dimethylamino)phenyl) acrylaldehyde and X is (Cl−, Br−, I−, N3−, and NCS−)) were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, 1H and 13C NMR, UV–visible, thermal analyses, and molar conductivity measurements. Low molar conductivity values of the compounds in dimethylformamide (DMF) showed nonelectrolyte character of them. Zinc complexes have been also prepared in nanostructure sizes under ultrasonic irradiation confirmed by X‐ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Thereafter, ZnO nanoparticles were prepared by direct calcination process of zinc iodide complex at 600°C under air atmosphere. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analyses of the complexes were used for the investigation of thermal behavior of the tiled compounds. Based on TG/DTG plots, some kinetics activation parameters of the compounds at all thermal decomposition steps were calculated. In final, antimicrobial activities of the compounds were investigated by the well diffusion technique against the gram‐positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, and the gram‐negative bacteria of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the fungi strains of Aspergillus oryzae and Candida albicans. The results showed that all zinc‐Schiff base organic compounds are more antimicrobial active than free ligand.

Bio-Directed Synthesis of Calcium Oxide (CaO) Nanoparticles Extracted from Limestone Using Honey

Calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles have been synthesized by two step thermal decomposition method under ambient temperature. Structural analysis was carried out by powder X-ray diffraction method and the crystallite size of CaO nanoparticles was calculated using Scherrer formula. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis has been carried to identify the functional groups present in the synthesized specimen. Optical absorption studies reveal very low absorption in the entire visible region. The surface analysis of the synthesized particles was analysed using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Synthesis and isoconversional kinetic study of the formation of LiNiPO4 from Ni3(PO4)2·8H2O as a new precursor

The nanosized LiNiPO4 was successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction between the new Ni3(PO4)2·8H2O precursor and Li3PO4 at 700 °C in air atmosphere. The formation of LiNiPO4 was generated via three thermal decomposition steps. The samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic absorption/atomic emission spectrophotometers, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal gravimetric/differential thermal analysis techniques. The activation energy (Eα) values of the three steps were calculated by Vyazovkin method and determined to be 90.39 ± 5.79, 197.81 ± 7.46, and 308.66 ± 12.03 kJ mol−1, respectively. The average Eα values from this method are very close to Eα from KAS method. The most probable mechanism functions g(α) of three steps were evaluated by using the masterplots method and found to be the F1/3 (first step), F3/2 (second step), and D4 (final step), respectively. The pre-exponential factors (A) values of three steps were obtained based on the Eα and g(α). The kinetic triplet parameters of the formation of LiNiPO4 from the new precursor are reported in the first time.

Study of the thermal behavior in solid state of Mn(II)-Diclofenac Complex

The preparation, characterization and thermal behavior of Mn(II)-diclofenac solid-state complex was investigated by simultaneous TG/DTA and DTG curves, DSC, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The thermal evaluation was carried out with sample masses of 2 and 5 mg, with the purpose of comparing the values of activation energy regarding dehydration, monotropic phase transition and thermal decomposition in both samples mass. The DSC curves were obtained in opened and with crimped lids crucibles of aluminum under oxygen purge gas and static air (without purge gas). The DTA and DSC curves show an exothermic peak between 150-180 °C depending on heating rate, which can be attributed to the monotropic non-reversible reaction. The activation energy (Ea/kJ mol-1) to dehydration, the monotropic phase transition and the first thermal decomposition step were determined by Capela-Ribeiro nonlinear isoconversional method. The activation energy under oxygen dynamic purge gas shows lower values compared to those obtained under static air.

Properties and thermal analysis study of modified polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesive is one of the most common types of adhesives has been used in the wood industry for decades. However, many drawbacks are still associated with this adhesive including low water resistance, poor bond strength, and low viscosity. In this reported study, two additives, sulfanilamide and N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, were used to modify a PVA adhesive to improve its comprehensive practical performance. The prepared adhesive samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Furthermore, the thermal decomposition characteristics of the PVA adhesives were studied using Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis (DSC) combined with the Kissinger method. The experimental results showed that when compared to the pure PVA adhesive, the solid content, viscosity, dry bond strength, and wet bond strength of the modified PVA adhesive (PVA + N,N-dimethylethylenediamine + sulfanilamide) were improved by 34.8, 41.4, 47.0 and 35.2%, respectively. FT-IR analysis indicate that these two additives altered the chemical bond ratio that resulted from the generation of new chemical bonds, which explained the improved performance of the modified PVA adhesive. The pure PVA adhesive possessed two thermal decomposition steps, while the modified PVA adhesive (PVA + N,N-dimethylethylenediamine + sulfanilamide) exhibited only one thermal decomposition step. The thermal decomposition process of the pure PVA adhesive is characterized by a quick thermal decomposition stage and a slow thermal decomposition stage. Since the ΔH > 0, ΔS < 0 and ΔG > 0 in the thermal decomposition process it can be concluded that the decomposition reactions of the PVA adhesive were non-spontaneously endothermic and the entropy decreased during the reaction.

A Stable and Electrocatalytic Iron Electrode for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Iron electrodes disintegrate in alkali at the anodic potentials needed for oxygen evolution. Hence, relatively expensive nickel-based electrodes and substrates have been the workhorse of materials for industrial water electrolysis. We report here a novel surface-modification method that transforms iron into an electrocatalytically-active and robust oxygen evolution electrode for alkaline water electrolysis. This surface modification consists of an electrochemical oxidation step followed by a thermal decomposition step. The electrochemical oxidation of the iron substrate in alkali transformed the surface to high surface area iron(II) hydroxide with a coral-like morphology that converted to magnetite upon heat treatment. On this high-surface area substrate an electrocatalytic layer of amorphous nickel hydroxide was produced by the thermal decomposition step. Such a surface-modified iron electrode exhibited an extremely low overpotential of 195 mV at 10 mA/cm2 and a low Tafel slope of 43 mV/decade. The electrochemical oxidation step during preparation results in doubling of the electrochemically active area. Even after 1500 h of oxygen evolution at 10 mA/cm2, there was no noticeable change in the electrode potential, morphology, or surface composition of these iron electrodes. This durability was attributed to the conductive oxide layer of magnetite that protects iron surface at the anodic potentials of oxygen evolution. The remarkable electrocatalytic activity was attributed to the amorphous layer of nickel hydroxide. Development of such a robust and electrochemically-active iron electrode presents a unique opportunity for the advancement of alkaline water electrolysis.

Synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal, antimicrobial and electrochemical characterization of some novel Ru(iii), Pt(iv) and Ir(iii) complexes of pipemidic acid.

Three new solid complexes of pipemidic acid (Pip–H) with Ru3+, Pt4+ and Ir3+ were synthesized and characterized. Pipemidic acid acts as a uni-dentate chelator through the nitrogen atom of the –NH piperazyl ring. The spectroscopic data revealed that the general formulas of Pip–H complexes are [M(L)n(Cl)x]·yH2O ((1) M = Ru3+, L: Pip–H, n = 3, x = 3, y = 6; (2) M = Pt4+, L: Pip–NH4, n = 2, x = 4, y = 0 and (3) M = Ir3+, L: Pip–H, n = 3, x = 3, y = 6). The number of water molecules with their locations inside or outside the coordination sphere were assigned via thermal analyses (TG, DTG). The DTG curves refer to 2–3 thermal decomposition steps where the first decomposition step at a lower temperature corresponds to the loss of uncoordinated water molecules followed by the decomposition of Pip–H molecules at higher temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters (E*, ΔS*, ΔH* and ΔG*) were calculated from the TG curves using Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzeger non-isothermal models. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were carefully used to assign properly the particle sizes of the prepared Pip–H complexes. The biological enhancement of Pip–H complexes rather than free chelate were assessed in vitro against four kinds of bacteria G(+) (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus) and G(−) (Klebsiella and Escherichia coli) as well as against the human breast cancer (MCF-7) tumor cell line.

Product distribution from catalytic conversion of biomass over B2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst

The catalytic conversion of biomass has been studied by using a conventional fixed-bed reactor. The mixed catalyst is prepared by impregnation method followed by calcination of the catalyst. The B2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst composition used in the biomass catalytic conversion process is varied to study the effect on its product distribution. In addition, catalyst variations were performed to test the catalytic effect in producing the target products, so that the optimum catalyst composition to maximize the target products is known. The catalyst composition of B2O3 in the mixed catalyst used was 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 25% wt. The use of B2O3/γ-Al2O3 mixed catalyst can convert the small oxygenate compounds produced at the thermal decomposition step of biomass into aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. In addition, other groups of compounds were also observed with different product distributions where the differences were affected by the composition of the mixed catalyst used. Experimental results show that addition of B2O3 content up to 20% wt gives the highest catalytic effect with the main product being aromatic hydrocarbons. The decrease in catalytic effect occurs with the addition of 25% wt B2O3 content.

Thermal decomposition mechanism of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is an antiretroviral medication widely used to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS and to treat chronic hepatitis B. In this paper, thermal decomposition processes of TDF were measured with thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The IR spectra, high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry of TDF and the residues of its thermal decomposition at various temperatures were determined. The molecular bond orders were calculated using an ab initio method from the GAMESS program of quantum chemistry. The mechanism of thermal decomposition was discussed. The results indicated that the thermal decomposition of TDF is a three-step process, the initial step of thermal decomposition of TDF is the decomposition of carboxylic ester, the first stage mainly is the decomposition of the phosphoric disoproxil section, and the second stage mainly is the decomposition of the tenofovir section and partially goes through adenine stage. The initial decomposition temperature in either nitrogen or air is 138 °C, and the thermal stability of TDF is not very good under routine temperature.

Synthesis and thermal decomposition properties of a novel dual-cation/anion complex hydride Li2Mg(BH4)2(NH2)2

A novel dual-cation/anion complex hydride (Li2Mg(BH4)2(NH2)2), which contains a theoretical hydrogen capacity of 12.1 wt%, is successfully synthesized for the first time by ball milling a mixture consisting of MgBH4NH2 and Li2BH4NH2. The prepared Li2Mg(BH4)2(NH2)2 crystallizes in a triclinic structure, and the [NH2] and [BH4] groups remain intact within the structure. Upon heating, the prepared Li2Mg(BH4)2(NH2)2 decomposes to release approximately 8.7 wt% hydrogen in a three-step reaction at 100–450 °C. In addition, a small amount of ammonia is evolved during the first and second thermal decomposition steps as a side product. This ammonia is responsible for the lower experimental dehydrogenation amount compared to the theoretical hydrogen capacity. The XRD and FTIR results reveal that Li2Mg(BH4)2(NH2)2 first decomposes to LiMgBN2, LiBH4, BN, LiH and MgBNH8 at 100–250 °C, and then, the newly formed MgBNH8 reacts with LiH to form Mg, LiBH4 and BN at 250–340 °C. Finally, the decomposition of LiBH4 releases hydrogen and generates LiH and B at 340–450 °C.