Steel In Hydrochloric Acid Research Articles

Corrosion inhibition of extracts from the expired traditional Chinese patent medicines for Q235 carbon steel in hydrochloric acid

During the COVID-19 epidemic, traditional Chinese patent medicine played a significant role in treatment and prevention. However, excessive production of medicines will face serious disposal problems once they are expired, and how to achieve safe and efficient utilization of resources becomes another challenge. In this study, the diverse organic components of traditional Chinese patent medicine-YanReQing Granules (YGE) have been extracted and enriched using a low-temperature extraction method, and the main compositions have been analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The inhibition performance of YGE for Q235 steel in 0.1 mol L−1 HCl solution was evaluated by various methods. The results indicated that the corrosion rate of metal decreased significantly with the addition of YGE, and the corrosion potential shifted positively as the increase of cathodic and anodic Tafel slopes, indicating that the YGE belongs to a mixed type of corrosion inhibitor with the simultaneously inhibition on cathode and anode. The inhibition efficiency of YGE increased gradually with the more additive amounts, and exceeded 99% calculated by the fitting current density in polarization curves. The active ingredients in YGE are mainly composed of hydroxyl and carbon-based aromatic hydrocarbons, which are easily protonated in hydrochloric acid solution and carry a positive charge, and then adsorb at the metal interface electrostatically to form a shielding layer. Moreover, the theoretical calculations have confirmed that the chemical adsorption can be achieved between the polar atoms and metal to enhance the protective layer ultimately.

Effect of three penicillin-based as corrosion inhibitors on Q235 steel in hydrochloric acid

This study investigated the effects of three penicillin-based inhibitors (carbenicillin sodium (CS), ampicillin sodium (AS), and sulbenicillin sodium (SS)) on corrosion inhibition for Q235 steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. The findings revealed that all three inhibitors demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in inhibiting corrosion. Furthermore, the study established a clear correlation between the concentration of these inhibitors and their corrosion inhibition capabilities, indicating that higher concentrations led to enhanced inhibition. Conversely, as the temperature increased, the corrosion inhibition performance of the inhibitors decreased. The most substantial corrosion inhibition efficiencies were achieved at an optimal concentration of 8 mM, with CS reaching 96.82%, AS achieving 96.32%, and SS attaining 94.28% efficiency, respectively. Additionally, the study identified a mixed-type corrosion inhibition mechanism employed by these inhibitors, indicating their involvement in both anodic and cathodic corrosion processes. Moreover, the inhibitors adhered to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm when interacting with the metal surface.

Fish processing discards extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid

The objective of this study is to extract amino acids from fish processing discards for the preparation of highly effective and degradable corrosion inhibitors. The composition of fish processing discards extract (FPDE) was characterized by HPLC and FTIR. The results showed that the main components of FPDE are amino acids and contain a large number of unsaturated functional groups. Electrochemical techniques (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel), surface analysis (XPS and AFM), and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) were conducted to investigate the corrosion inhibition mechanism of FPDE for carbon steel in 1 mol/L HCl. As shown by electrochemical tests, FPDE exhibits mixed-type corrosion inhibition with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 93.3%. FPDE exhibits excellent corrosion inhibition properties on carbon steel surfaces by forming a high coverage film through chemisorption and physisorption. Indeed, the advantages of remarkable inhibition efficiency and facile extraction methods allow FPDE to become a promising corrosion inhibitor for practical applications.

PickT: A Decision-Making Tool for the Optimal Pickling Process Operation.

This research approaches knowledge gaps related to the pickling process dynamic modelling (the lack of predictability and simplicity of existing models) and answers the practical need for a software tool to facilitate the optimum process operation (by delivering estimations of the optimum corrosion inhibitor addition, optimum pickling bath lifetime, corrosion rate dynamic evolution, and material mass loss). A decision-making tool, PickT, has been developed and verified with the help of measurements from two different pickling experiments, both involving steel in hydrochloric acid. The first round of experiments lasted 336 h (each pickling batch duration was 24 h) and Cetilpyridinium bromide (CPB) was the corrosion inhibitor in additions from 8% to 12%. The collected dataset served for the tool development and first verification. The second round of experiments lasted 10 h (each batch duration was 2 h) and involved metformin hydrochloride (MET) in additions between 3.3 g/L and 10 g/L. This dataset served to test the transferability of PickT to other operating conditions in terms of corrosion inhibitor type, additions, batch duration and pickling bath lifetime magnitude. In both cases PickT results are in accordance with experimental findings. The tool advantages consist of the straightforward applicability, the low amount of field data required for reliable forecasts and the accessibility for untrained professionals from the industry.

Investigations of non-ionic surfactants derived from triazoles and pyrroles as potent corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid

The effectiveness of two synthetic non-ionic surfactants (NIS), including triazole and pyrrole derivatives, to inhibit corrosion of C-steel in 1.0 M HCl solution was tested. Their chemical compositions were verified using some of the analytical data. All of the synthesized compounds displayed good surface activity when different surface coefficients were tested. The corrosion parameters were determined employing chemical and electrochemical methods. The surface features of these compounds were identified. The anticorrosion efficacy (AE%) rises with rising the concentration of NIS compounds and with reducing temperature, surface and interfacial tension, and critical micelle concentration. The EIS diagram showed that as the concentration of NIS compounds increased, charge transfer resistance raised and double-layer capacitance reduced due to its adsorption of on the C-Steel surface. The values of AEPDP %. reached 89.98% and 91.45% at 500 ppm of compounds A and B, respectively by applying the polarization method. The anti-corrosion process was explained by the formation of adsorbed film that separated the C-steel surface from the corrosive HCl solution. The adsorption is subjected to Freundlich isotherm. The two NIS compounds functioned as mixed-type inhibitors, as revealed by potentiodynamic polarization. Some surface characteristics. were identified and emphasized the anticorrosive effect of two NIS compounds

The corrosion inhibition abilities of PVA and PVP against the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid

The corrosion inhibition abilities of PVA and PVP against the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid

In vitro and in silico antibacterial and anti-corrosive properties of Persea americana leaves extract as an environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in a hydrochloric acid medium

The inhibitory performance of an efficient and biodegradable Persea americana leaves extract (PALE) was inspected using electrochemical methods and surface analysis techniques in 1 M HCl. Then, antibacterial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 using a well diffusion assay. Moreover, the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations were determined. Additionally, the antibacterial activity was performed in silico. The experimental results showed that PALE has a more excellent inhibition standard for carbon steel in hydrochloric acid. Polarization investigations reported that as the concentration of PALE leaves extracts, the inhibitory power grew and reached a high value of 92%. PALE did act as a mixed-type inhibitor and preceded a Langmuir adsorption isotherm correctly. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) outcomes demonstrated that the PALE adsorption on the metallic surface significantly decreased its dissolution rate, resulting in a clean and seamless surface. Additionally, PALE was effective against bacterial strains, and molecular docking analysis revealed that apigenin and quercetin-3-glucoside might be the main compounds that inhibit bacterial proliferation.

Synthesized novel carbon dots as green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid: Gravimetric, electrochemical and morphological studies

Carbon dots (CDs), mainly heteroatom-doped CDs, have been recognized as efficient eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors due to their low cost, excellent chemical stability, good water solubility, and nontoxic properties. Inspired by this, in present investigation a pair of nitrogen-doped eco-friendly CDs (CD1 and CD2) have been synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal technique, and their anticorrosion performance for the mild steel (MS) in 15 % HCl solution has been studied. The synthesized CD1 and CD2 have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The anticorrosion proficiency of the CD1 and CD2 have been studied using weight-loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic studies and it was found that obtained results are in agreement with each other at all concentrations. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of both inhibitors increases with increasing concentration and reaching 96.8 % (CD1) and 94.7 % (CD2) after 6 h immersion at 150 ppm concentration. The adsorption of inhibitors CD1 and CD2 on MS obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and physical adsorption process. Potentiodynamic polarization study suggested that CD1 and CD2 act as mixed type inhibitor and alter the rates of anodic dissolution of MS and cathodic hydrogen evaluation reaction simultaneously. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and XPS studies confirmed the formation of protective film of inhibitor molecules at the MS surface.

Norfloxacin Skeleton-Included Dendritic Molecules as Corrosion Inhibitors on Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid: From Experiments to Molecular Dynamics Simulation

In order to develop organic compounds for achieving highly efficient anticorrosion of mild steel in HCl solution, this study proposed to synthesize new dendritic molecules (DMs 1, 2) containing double norfloxacin skeletons. Besides, the linear molecule (LM) carrying a single norfloxacin framework was also prepared as the reference. The chemical structures of the studied molecules were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, 1H, 13C, 19F), mass spectroscopy (MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). For this purpose, the adsorption of the studied molecules on mild steel was investigated by different means. Furthermore, the potential kinetic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to survey the anticorrosion of the studied molecules in HCl solution at 298 K. It is shown that the DMs displayed superior corrosion inhibition effect on mild steel over the LM in acid medium at 298 K (the maximal corrosion inhibition efficiency, LM, 87.80%, DM1, 96.00%, DM2, 96.26% at 0.015 mM). The anticorrosion and adsorption mechanisms of the studied molecules for mild steel were further understood by molecular modeling and adsorption isotherms.

ODHI: A promising isatin-based corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid

The study aimed to investigate the corrosion behavior of mild steel in acidic environments and to evaluate the effectiveness of an ecofriendly inhibitor named 2-oxo-3-((2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazono)indolin (ODHI) derived from Isatin. The researchers employed various techniques such as weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy to carry out the experiment in both uninhibited and inhibited 1 M HCl solution at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333 K. The findings revealed that the inhibition efficacy increased with the concentration of ODHI, reaching 94.3% at 0.5 mM in a 1 M HCl solution at 303 K. The results were supported by Density Functional Theory computations, which confirmed the ODHI's corrosion inhibition behavior for mild steel in acidic conditions. The inhibition effect was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm model. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of ODHI as an effective inhibitor for Mild Steel in acidic environments.

Exploring the Effectiveness of Isatin–Schiff Base as an Environmentally Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid

A recent study has shown that Schiff base OHMHI is an effective inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in acidic media. The study utilized weight loss measurements and electrochemical techniques, such as EIS and potentiodynamic polarization, to analyze the corrosion inhibition efficiency of OHMHI. The results of the study show that the presence of OHMHI in the corrosive environment significantly reduced the corrosion rate of mild steel and increased its corrosion resistance. The impedance spectra analysis indicated that OHMHI was adsorbed on the surface of mild steel, providing a protective layer. The potentiodynamic polarization study confirmed the protective role of OHMHI by showing an increase in the passive current density of the mild steel in the presence of OHMHI. The inhibitory efficiency of OHMHI was found to be 96.1%, indicating that it is an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. The study also investigated the optimal conditions for the use of OHMHI as a corrosion inhibitor, with a concentration of 0.5 mM and a temperature of 303 K being chosen. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm concept was used to demonstrate the physical and chemical adsorption of OHMHI on the surface of mild steel. Morphological investigations of the uninhibited and inhibited surfaces of the mild steel specimen were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Furthermore, computational investigations using density functional theory (DFT) and experimental data were merged to explore the corrosion inhibition efficiency and mechanism of inhibition. Although the results are promising, further studies are needed to determine the long-term effects of OHMHI on mild steel corrosion and to evaluate its effectiveness under different environmental conditions. Overall, the study highlights the potential of OHMHI as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic media.

Polarographic Studies for the Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

The present work deals with the quantitative corrosion determination of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid by the use of polarographic and weight loss technique.
 The polarographic peak obtained at (-0.27 v) in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid was used for the determination of iron and a calibration was ranged (10-5–10-3) M.
 To confirm the obtained results a weight loss measurement were carried out, its results are in good agreement with that of the polarographic measurements. The research included in addition to that a kinetic study of corrosion reactions of iron in hydrochloric acid. Reaction rates were calculated at different temperature, and apparent energies of activation have been calculated from corrosion rates and Arrhenius plots.

Operando kinetics of hydrogen evolution and elemental dissolution I: The dissolution of galvanized steel in hydrochloric acid

A new approach to the simultaneous measurement of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and elemental dissolution rates is presented and applied to the reaction of galvanized steel coatings with HCl solution. Dissolution profiles revealed several kinetic regimes including the dissolution of the intact coating, the dissolution of the nanometric Fe2Al5 intermetallic layer, and the corrosion of the steel substrate. The HER and Zn dissolution rates were in excellent agreement, and the quantities of interfacial Fe and Al were consistent with the predicted 50 nm thick Fe2Al5 intermetallic film, demonstrating the analytical capabilities of the atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry (AESEC) technique.

Study on the corrosion inhibition of biomass carbon quantum dot self- aggregation on Q235 steel in hydrochloric acid

At present, the development of efficient green corrosion inhibitors has become one of the important directions of metal corrosion protection. In this paper, biomass carbon quantum dots (BCQDs) were prepared by hydrothermal reaction using biomass precursors. The optical properties and structural composition of the synthesized BCQDs were characterized in detail. After that, the corrosion inhibition performance of BCQDs was evaluated by EIS, Tafel, SEM and TEM. The electrochemistry and surface tests demonstrate that the aggregates can effectively prevent Q235 steel from corrosion in 1 M HCl medium at 298 K-328 K, with the maximum inhibition efficiency of 94.1 % at the concentration of 200 mg/L at 308 K. Finally, the corrosion inhibition mechanism was analyzed by FTIR, CA and XPS on the surface of the corroded carbon steel samples. The inhibition mechanism suggests that BCQDs can inhibit metal corrosion by self-aggregation and adsorption on metal surface. This is owing to its small size effect and functional groups containing heteroatoms, easily forming dense protective film.

N-Methyl-2-(1-(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)ethylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide as Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl Solution: Weight Loss and DFT Investigations

For This study investigated the corrosion inhibition performance of N-methyl-2-(1-(5-methylthiophen-2yl)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (MTET) on mild steel in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution using weight loss and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The effects of temperature were also studied at the range of 303 to 333 K. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of MTET increased with increasing concentration and exposure time, while it decreased with increasing temperature. At the highest concentration of 0.0005 M, the inhibition efficiency reached 95.5% after 5 hours of immersion time. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to describe the adsorption behavior of MTET on the mild steel surface, and the free energy value indicated that the inhibition process was both chemical and physical in nature. DFT calculations showed that the adsorption of MTET on the mild steel surface involved the formation of chemical bonds between the nitrogen and sulfur atoms of MTET and the iron atoms of mild steel. Overall, the results suggest that MTET is an effective inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in HCl solution, and the DFT calculations provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of the inhibition process.

Insights into the adsorption and corrosion inhibition properties of newly synthesized diazinyl derivatives for mild steel in hydrochloric acid: synthesis, electrochemical, SRB biological resistivity and quantum chemical calculations.

Two azo derivatives, 4-((4-hydroxy-3-((4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene)methyl)phenyl) diazinyl) benzenesulfonic acid (TODB) and 4-((3-((4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene) methyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl)diazinyl) benzenesulfonic acid (DODB) were synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and mass spectral studies. Gravimetric methods, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques and inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy were used to verify the above two compounds' ability to operate as mild steel (MS) corrosion inhibitors in 1 M HCl. Tafel data suggest that TODB and DODB have mixed-type characteristics, and EIS findings demonstrate that increasing their concentration not only alters the charge transfer (R ct) of mild steel from 6.88 Ω cm2 to 112.9 Ω cm2 but also changes the capacitance of the adsorbed double layer (C dl) from 225.36 to 348.36 μF cm-2. At 7.5 × 10-4 M concentration, the azo derivatives showed the highest corrosion inhibition of 94.9% and 93.6%. The inhibitory molecule adsorption on the metal substrate followed the Langmuir isotherm. The thermodynamic activation functions of the dissolution process were also calculated as a function of inhibitor concentration. UV-vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques were used to confirm the adsorption phenomenon. The quantum chemical parameters, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPE) measurements, and the anti-bacterial effect of these new derivatives against sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were also investigated. Taken together, the acquired results demonstrate that these compounds can create an appropriate preventing surface and regulate the corrosion rate.

Preparation of Isoetes sinensis Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Q235 Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid

Preparation of Isoetes sinensis Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Q235 Carbon Steel in Hydrochloric Acid

Experimental and theoretical examinations of triazole linked saccharin derivatives as organic corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid

The new triazole linked saccharin derivatives namely, 2-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (MTD) and 2-(3-isopropyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)benzo[d]isothiazol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide (ITD) were synthesized under microwave irradiation method. The newly synthesized inhibitors were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and mass spectroscopic techniques. The ability for these two compounds to act as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M HCl was confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization studies. Within the scope of concentrations and temperatures studied, the tested MTD and ITD demonstrated significant anticorrosion performances, with highs of 94 and 96% at 0.8 mM, respectively. Polarization studies revealed that the MTD and ITD behave as mixed-type inhibitors. The examined inhibitors strong adsorption mirrored the Langmuir model with excellent correlation values. The values obtained of the standard adsorption free energy indicated the typical physisorption and chemisorption behaviour of MTD and ITD on MS. Further, SEM, XPS and XRD were used to analyze the surface morphology of the MS surface. DFT calculations was employed as a supplementary tool to demonstrate the reported inhibition efficiencies.

Computational modelling and theoretical calculations on hydroxy citric acid and mangostine and comparing the corrosion inhibition effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts Garcinia cambogia leaves for mild steel in hydrochloric acid

The utility of Garcinia cambogia leaves aqueous and alcoholic (GCLW and GCLA) extracts were used as a green candidate for mitigating the mild steel corrosion in 0.5N HCl solution. The protective efficiency was monitored electrochemically and theoretically using different soft wares including Gaussian09, Biovia material studio, and also with Fukui function analysis procedure from D Mol 3 calculations. The preliminary phytochemical screening of active components of the extracts were done using IR and UV-Visible spectral studies. Mangostine and hydroxy citric acid (HCA) were identified as the active constituents of the extracts and their presence on the metal surface after inhibition is confirmed using XPS elemental analysis. The increased activity of the aqueous extract may be due to the increased percentage of HCA in the water extract than the alcoholic counterpart. 4V/V% GCLW has 84 % efficiency at room temperature whereas the same volume percentage alcoholic extract has only 81% efficiency. The inhibition efficiency decreases with rise in temperature suggesting the physical mode of adsorption of the inhibitor system on the metal surface. But the results of computational modelling suggest chemisorption resulted from the donation of electron pairs from O22, H46, and H38 of mangostine and O12 of HCA. This bond is strengthened by the back acceptance of electron pairs from the filled metal orbital to C2 of mangostine and O3 of HCA. Tafel extrapolation studies suggest mixed type inhibition nature for both GCLW and GCLA with anodic prominence. Thermodynamic adsorption suggests the Langmuir monolayer model for GCLW and Temkin model for GCLA.

Synthesis and evaluation of omeprazole-based derivatives as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for Q235 steel in hydrochloric acid

The application of expired drugs as corrosion inhibitors is a low-cost, cost-effective and environment-friendly alternative to the expensive degradation process. Against this background, the corrosion inhibition performance and mechanism of imidazole drugs omeprazole (OMP) and its by-products omeprazole sulfide (OMP-1) and omeprazole sulfonate (OMP-2) on Q235 steel in 1 M HCl is investigated by weight loss experiment, electrochemical technology, surface analysis methods (SEM and XPS), quantum chemical calculation and molecular dynamics simulation. The results demonstrate that OMP, OMP-1 and OMP-2 are effective corrosion inhibitors for Q235 steel in 1 M HCl. The inhibition efficiency above 95% is achievable at 298 K with 0.2 mM inhibitor concentration. The test results and fitting data show that they are mixed-type corrosion inhibitors, which comply with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further confirmed these three inhibitor molecules playing the role of corrosion inhibition by adsorbing on the surface of Q235 steel to form a film barrier. The corrosion inhibition mechanism of omeprazole on metal surface is also discussed.