Steel In HCl Solution Research Articles

Novel Synthesis of Some N-Hydroxy Phthalimide Derivatives with Investigation of Its Corrosion Inhibition for Carbon Steel in HCl Solution

In the current study, new derivatives were synthesized by reaction of N-hydroxyphthalimide with chloro acetyl chloride in the presence of Et3N as a base to form 1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl 2-chloroacetate (B1), which in turn enters several reactions with different amines where it interacts with primary amines to give 1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl acetate derivatives (B2-B4) in basic medium, in the same way it interacts with these amines but with adding KNCS to form thiourea derivatives (B5-B7). It also reacts with diamines to give bis(azanediyl) derivatives (compounds B8-B10). The prepared derivatives were diagnosed using infrared FTIR and 1HNMR,13CNMR for some derivatives. Compounds B4, B5 and B9 were measured as corrosion inhibitors the inhibition efficiency varied from 85% to 99% and thermodynamic functions, i.e. Gibbs free energy, activation energy, enthalpy, entropy, were calculated for the derivatives at a concentration of (50 ppm) when mixed with carbon steel as additives and exposing the plate to an acidic medium of hydrochloric acid at a concentration of (1M) in different temperatures. The results revealed that as the temperature increases, the inhibition efficiency decreases.

Akebia trifoliate koiaz peels extract as environmentally benign corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solutions: Integrated experimental and theoretical investigations

In this account, pectin components were obtained from akebia trifoliate koiaz peels with the acid extraction technology. The chemical constituent of the akebia trifoliate koiaz peels extract (ATKPE) was analyzed and its anti-corrosion performance for mild steel in HCl medium was investigated by electrochemical methods, surface analysis and theoretical calculations. Experimental results show that ATKPE exhibits excellent corrosion inhibition characteristic, and its inhibition efficiency can be as high as 90% when the concentration of ATKPE is 800 mg/L. Electrochemical measurements show that ATKPE is a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor consisting with Langmuir adsorption model. In addition, SEM, AFM and contact angle observations suggests that the ATKPE may attach firmly to the metal surface by forming a barrier film. XPS and ATR-FTIR results further verify the bonding interaction between the functional groups and steel substrate. Meanwhile, quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to reveal the inhibition mechanism at molecular/atomic level. In brief, our findings demonstrate a novel environmentally benign, efficient corrosion inhibitor for steel protection in acidic media.

Investigations on Corrosion Inhibitory Effect of Newly Quinoline Derivative on Mild Steel in HCl Solution Complemented with Antibacterial Studies

This study analyzed the corrosion inhibitory effects and the antibacterial action of the quinoline derivative, namely N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-(quinolin-8-yloxy)acetohydrazide (NHQA). NHQA prevention of corrosion behavior was investigated using weight loss experiments on mild steel coupons in hydrochloric acid. Weight loss tests achieved improved inhibition performance for NHQA, and the high inhibitor efficiency was reached at 303 K, of 93.4 percent at 500 ppm NHQA. Moreover, the effect of immersion time on carbon steel corrosion was investigated using strategies for weight loss. The NHQA mechanism for corrosion inhibition was also examined. These findings confirm that the NHQA molecules can be used in industrial applications as a possible corrosion inhibitor. In an aqueous solution, the synthesized compound (NHQA) can also be used as an antimicrobial agent. The microbial inhibitive efficacy of NHQA against Gram-positive (Staphyloccocus aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was evaluated employee a disc diffusion technique. NHQA has considerable inhibition efficacy toward all investigated bacteria.

Aminobenzoic acid functionalized graphene oxide as environment-friendly corrosion inhibitors for Q235 steel in HCl solution: experimental and DFT studies

Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide effective and environmental-friendly corrosion inhibitors derived from graphene oxide for Q235 steel. Design/methodology/approach Nontoxic and environment-friendly 4-aminobenzoic acid was used to functionalize graphene oxide via amidation and diazotization. The obtained amidation 4-aminobenzoic acid functionalized graphene oxide (PAGO) and diazotization 4-aminobenzoic acid functionalized graphene oxide (PDGO) were characterized by FTIR, Raman and TEM, while the inhibition efficiencies were analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP). Furthermore, theoretical inhibition efficiencies were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) approach. Findings At a concentration of 40 ppm, the maximum inhibition efficiency of PAGO and PDGO were 97.90% and 96.72% in EIS measurement, respectively, which were in accordance with PDP data. Moreover, experimental results were supported by DFT-based quantum chemical calculation. Originality/value Environmental-friendly PAGO and PDGO were synthesized successfully. The synthetic inhibitors exhibited excellent inhibition efficiencies in EIS and PDP measurements. Furthermore, a computational study using DFT supported the trend that PAGO was better inhibitor than PDGO.

Adsorption and inhibition behavior of imidazolium tetrafluoroborate derivatives as green corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel.

The adsorption and inhibition mechanism of chain length increase and group substitution of imidazole tetrafluoroborate derivatives for the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in HCl solution was revealed in detail via the density functional theory, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods. The main reactive site of an ionic liquid is located on its imidazolium ring. With alkyl chain lengthening or the introduction of methyl groups onto the imidazolium ring, its molecular reactivity and electron-donating ability increase the interaction between the ionic liquid and the Fe (110) surface. Therefore, the imidazolium rings of four IL inhibitors are more likely to lie on the Fe (110) surface in parallel through chemical adsorption. The interactions between N atoms in ionic liquids and the Fe (110) surface are stronger than those between the C atoms on the imidazolium rings of the four ionic liquid, and coordination bonds can be formed between N atoms and the Fe (110) surface. Therefore, ionic liquids can hinder the interaction between corrosion particles and the Fe (110) surface, hinder the diffusion of corrosion particles, and effectively reduce the number density of corrosion particles on the Fe (110) surface. A methyl substituent on the C2 atom of the imidazolium ring can enhance the electron-donating ability and adsorption tendency much more than an increase in the alkyl chain on the N3 atom. The four inhibitors are ordered in terms of corrosion inhibition efficiency as [C12DMIM]BF4 > [C10DMIM]BF4 > [C12MIM]BF4 > [C10MIM]BF4, which agrees well with the experimental results. A good correlation between experimental inhibition efficiency, concentration and microscopic structures parameters of ILs such as energy gap ΔE, polarizability P, electronegativity χ, hardness η, softness σ, number of electrons transferred ΔN, and electrophilicity ω was achieved.

Electrochemical and surface analytical studies of transition metal bipyridine dicarboxylic acid complexes as corrosion inhibitors for a mild steel in HCl solution

The 2,2′-bipyridine-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid (bpda) and its transition metal complexes including Ni(bpda)2, Zn(bpda)2 and Mn(bpda)2, were synthesized and tested as corrosion inhibitors for a carbon steel in 0.5 M HCl solution by electrochemical tests and surface analyses. The electrochemical results indicate that the inhibition efficiencies increase with the concentration of corrosion inhibitors. The complexes exhibit higher inhibition efficiencies compared to the bpda ligand, among which Ni(bpda)2 is the most effective for inhibiting corrosion. The corrosion morphology observation further evidences the superior corrosion inhibition performance of the three complexes. Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirm the spontaneous adsorption of all four inhibitors on the steel surface, and the adsorption analysis suggests a combined physisorption and chemisorption mechanism. Accordingly, the superior corrosion inhibition performance of the three complexes could be attributed to their good adsorption abilities.

Insight into the corrosion inhibition of new amino-acids as efficient inhibitors for mild steel in HCl solution: Experimental studies and theoretical calculations

Two organic compounds namely, Phenylalanine (P1) and Aspartic acid (P2) have been studied for inhibiting mild steel (MS) corrosion in molar hydrochloric acid solution. The Anti-corrosion activity has been evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentio-dynamic polarization (PDP), Density Functional Theory (DFT), Monte-Carlo Simulation (MCS) and Molecular Dynamic Simulation (MDS). The corrosive solutions were analyzed by UV–visible spectrometry (UV–vis). The surface of MS after the corrosion tests was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The inhibition efficiency of the two amino acids (P1 and P2) increased by the increase in their concentration and reached an optimal value of 87% and 89% for P1 and P2 respectively. Their adsorption mechanism was consistent with the isotherm Langmuir. Polarization measurements led to the conclusion that the two compounds act as mixed inhibitors. UV–visible shows that the addition of the two compounds decreases the dissolution of ferric ions in the corrosive solutions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show that both inhibitors were well adsorbed on the MS surface. Computational approaches of the metal-inhibitor interaction type were studied and interpreted using DFT, MCS and MDS.

Wihania somnifera extract as a friendly corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in HCl solution

Wihania somnifera extract as a friendly corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in HCl solution

Inhibition Effect of 4-(2-Chlorophenyl)Hydrazineylidene-1-Phenyl-2-Pyrazolin-5-One Derivatives on Corrosion of 304 Stainless Steel in HCl Solution

4-(2-chlorophenyl)hydrazineylidene-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one derivatives (2-CPH) were examined as safe corrosion hindrance for 304 stainless steel (SS 304) in 1.0 M HCl utilizing weight loss (WL) and electrochemical tests such as potentiodynamic polarization (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM). The outcome data displayed that the protection efficiency (IE%) rises with improving the dose of 2-CPH compounds and lower with raising the temperature. The adsorption of these inhibitors on the surface of SS 304 follows Langmuir isotherm. The 2-CPH are the best inhibitors for the dissolution of SS 304 in 1M HCl and they are mixed kind inhibitors. Quantum calculations (QM) display the impact of the chemical structure of the 2-CPH on its %IE. Additionally, 304 stainless surface topography in one molar HCl solution without and with 2-CPH compounds appending utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM) approves the protection of 304 stainless via adsorbed 2-CPH compounds by a formed protective layer.

Green corrosion inhibition of mild steel in HCl medium using leaves extract of Arbutus unedo L. plant: An experimental and computational approach

In this study, leaves extract of Arbutus unedo L. plant was used as a green corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in hydrochloric acid. The aqueous extract is rich in polyphenol and in particular flavonoid compounds as determined by the quantitative aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The n-butanol extract shows the highest concentration of total phenol and total flavonoid contents with 219.46 GAE mg/g extract and 174.66 mg QE/g of dry extract, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization were used as experimental measurements to confirm the anti-corrosion performances of the extract of plant leaves at different temperatures. The addition of extract plant even at low concentration increases significantly the inhibition efficiency with a maximum of 91.72% at 298 K for 0.5 g/L of leaves extract. Surface analysis was performed to attest the presence of the protected film on the surface of mild steel in HCl solution. The calculated ΔG0ads value (−24.441 kJ/mol) confirmed a spontaneous mixed chemical and physical adsorption of leaves extract compounds on the metal surface. The pKa analysis attested that the two leaves extract compounds, quercetin and catechin, exist in the neutral form in an acidic environment. Moreover, density functional theory and molecular dynamic simulation were also conducted to support the high inhibition efficiency results obtained by the experimental tests and to propose the adsorption mechanism.

Effects of the number of imidazoline ring and the length of alkyl group chain of imidazoline derivatives on corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in HCl solution: Molecular simulation and experimental validation

Abstract The effects of the number of imidazoline ring and the length of alkyl group chain of imidazoline derivatives were investigated using quantum chemical calculation, molecular dynamics simulation and experimental techniques. Three corrosion inhibitors including Symmetrical lauric acid imidazoline (SAI), Tetracyclic lauric acid imidazoline (LAI), and Symmetric stearic acid imidazoline (SPI) were synthesized and their inhibition performance was evaluated using weight loss measurement, electrochemical techniques and surface characterization. The results show that SAI and LAI with the same length of alkyl group chain, LAI with more imidazoline rings could supply a better inhibition performance since the increase of active sites. The increase of active sites attached to the metal surface may also change the distribution of corrosion inhibitor, which could limit inhibition performance improvement. While, SAI and SPI with the same number of imidazoline rings, SPI with longer alkyl group chain shows a better inhibition efficiency due to the better hydrophobic performance of alkyl groups. Among the three inhibitors, SPI show the best inhibition performance, indicating that the alkyl group chain length affects the inhibition performance more obvious than the number of the imidazoline rings.

Experimental and theoretical investigation of inhibition behavior of 2-((4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)benzenethiol for carbon steel in HCl solution

2-((4-(dimethylamino) benzylidene)amino)benzenethiol (DBB) compound has been synthesized and tested for prevention of carbon steel corrosion in HCl at different temperatures. The research was carried out using electrochemical and microscopic techniques. Extended tests were conducted at 25 °C while short-term tests were performed at 25 °C and 55 °C. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing temperature and increasing immersion time. Temperature rise changed the inhibitor's adsorption character. Activation parameters Ea, ΔHa* and ΔSa* were evaluated and discussed. Inhibition properties of DBB was investigated by quantum chemical calculation at wB97XD/6-311+G(d) level in water in a bid to predict DBB interaction with metal.

Synthesis, structural analysis and corrosion inhibition application of a new indazole derivative on mild steel surface in acidic media complemented with DFT and MD studies

A great deal of consideration has been given to the development of new compounds having diverse functionality. In this report, a new indazole derivative bearing a nitro group, namely 2-(3-chloro-5-nitro-1H-indazol-1-yl) acetic acid (CNIA) was synthesized, characterized, and used as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 1.0 M HCl. A full characterization of the prepared compound was performed using single‐crystal XRD, FT-IR, and UV–vis measurements; its corrosion inhibition properties were experimentally evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, and theoretically by Density Functional Theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the corroded metal surface before and after the inhibition. The findings demonstrated that the application of CNIA significantly reduced the corrosion rates of MS. The corrosion inhibition ability of the synthesized compound was also identified at a lower concentration in all experiments, reaching a maximum of 89 % at 10−3 mol/L. The results of potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed that CNIA could be categorized as a mixed type inhibitor with an increased polarization resistance at higher concentrations. Langmuir's adsorption isotherm was found to fit the adsorption of CNIA molecules on the MS surface. SEM photographs showed obvious less-corroded morphologies in the presence of the CNIA as compared to untreated MS surface. Theoretical calculations were proposed to explain the mechanism of the inhibition effect and found that it is due to the donor/acceptor properties of the inhibitor and its parallel disposition over the steel surface. The present compound could be a promising corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solutions, and showed a corrosion inhibition property that is superior to similar compounds.

Novel heterocyclic quinoline derivatives as green environmental corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in HCl solution: experimental and theoretical investigation

The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution in the absence and presence of newly synthesized 4,4′-Oxybis{N-[E-quinoline-3-ylmethylidene]aniline} 4,4′-thio bis{N-[E-quinoline-3-ylmethylidene]aniline} and 44,4′-Methylenebis{N-[E-quinoline-3-ylmethylidene]aniline} Schiff bases was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), Potentiodynamic polarization and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the experimental results show that these Schiff bases have a good corrosion inhibition performance. The polarization curves show that these compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors. The adsorption of these Schiff bases on carbon steel surface is consistent with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. DFT calculation and molecular dynamic simulations were in excellent agreement with the experimental tests.

Biomass of Microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl Solution

Biomass of Microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in HCl Solution

Electrochemical, thermodynamic and molecular dynamics studies of some benzoic acid derivatives on the corrosion inhibition of 316 stainless steel in HCl solutions

Some benzoic acid derivatives such as benzoic acid (C1), para-hydroxybenzoicacid (C2), and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (C3) were investigated as corrosion inhibitors for AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel (SS) in aggressive 0.5 M HCl solution using weight loss (WL) measurements, electrochemical measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, radial distribution function (RDF), molecular dynamics (MD). The aim of this work is to determine the inhibition efficiency based on the concentration of studied inhibitors and the temperature effect of medium. The maximum inhibition efficiency (≈ 88%) was obtained in the presence of the optimum inhibitor concentration of 1.0 × 10−2 M for C3 at 291 K. The experimental data showed that the inhibition efficiency of these inhibitors increases with the increase of their concentrations. The temperature effect on the corrosion inhibition of (SS) in 0.5 M HCl with and without inhibitors at different concentrations was investigated from 291 K to 318 K temperature range. It should be noted that each test has been carried out at least three times. Besides, the result was calculated by averaging the obtained values of each test. The activation energy and thermodynamic parameters evaluated from the weight loss measurements, suggested that the adsorption is spontaneous, exothermic, and obeyed the Villamil adsorption isotherm. SEM analyses confirmed that C3 is a good inhibitor compared with C1 and C2. Molecular dynamics simulations diagnosis for molecule/metal interaction showed that the studied organic compounds have strong interactions with Fe (110) and therefore good inhibition power for AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel (SS) against corrosion.

S-Thiazine as effective inhibitor of mild steel corrosion in HCl solution: Synthesis, experimental, theoretical and surface assessment

Abstrat This potential work presents a new organic molecule as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in HCl solution (1.0 M HCl).The organic molecule was elucidated by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy.The corrosion inhibiting effect was achieved by techniques electrochemical techniques such as Potentio-dynamic polarization (PDP) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The surface of the steel after corrosion tests has been identified by scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and atomic force microscope (AFM) spectroscopy. The experimental studies were confirmed by the calculations of density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations (MC). The theoretical, experimental studies and analytical techniques clearly show that this molecule is a good corrosion inhibitor (91 %) of steel in HCl solution. The polarization studies show that this inhibitor acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The thermodynamic parameters show that this molecule chemically adsorbed on the surface of the steel following the isotherm of Langmuir.

Efficient corrosion inhibition by sugarcane purple rind extract for carbon steel in HCl solution: mechanism analyses by experimental and in silico insights.

Sugarcane purple rind ethanolic extract (SPRE) was evaluated as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (C-steel) in 1 M HCl solution. Dynamic weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and frequency modulation (EFM) measurements were employed to evaluate the anticorrosive efficiency of SPRE, which was further validated by morphological and wettability analyses. The results of the weight loss tests showed that the inhibition efficiency (ηw) for C-steel in HCl solution increased with an increase in the concentration of SPRE. An increase in temperature moderately impaired the anticorrosive efficacy of SPRE. The maximum ηw of 96.2% was attained for C-steel in the inhibition system with 800 mg L−1 SPRE at 298 K. The polarization curves indicated that SPRE simultaneously suppressed the anodic and cathodic reactions for C-steel in HCl solution, which can be categorized as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor with a predominant anodic effect. The corrosion current density (icorr-P) was monotonously reduced with an increase in the concentration of SPRE. The charge transfer resistance (Rct) was enhanced for C-steel in the inhibition solution with a restrained capacitive property due to the adsorption of SPRE. A high temperature caused partial desorption of SPRE on the C-steel surface and a slight increase in icorr-P and decrease in Rct. However, SPRE still fully maintained its morphology and wettability at 328 K. The electrochemical kinetics of C-steel in HCl solution without and with SPRE was also supported by EFM spectra. The adsorption of SPRE conformed to the Langmuir isotherm and increased the corrosion activation energy of C-steel. Complementing the experimental observations, calculations based on density functional theory indicated that the hydroxyl-substituted pyran moiety on the carthamin (CTM) and anthocyanin (ATC) constituents in SPRE hardly contributed to its reactive activity due to their adsorption processes. Therefore, CTM and ATC exhibited imperfect parallel adsorption on the Fe (100) plane according to the molecular dynamics simulation, while anthoxanthin (ATA) and catechinic acid (CCA) constituents exhibited a flat orientation on the iron surface.

Experimental and surface morphological studies of corrosion inhibition on carbon steel in HCl solution using some new hydrazide derivatives.

The corrosion inhibition of C-steel in 1 M HCl was assessed using three newly synthesized hydrazide derivatives (H1, H2 and H3) using weight loss (WL), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Also, the adsorption of these compounds was confirmed using several techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). High inhibition efficiencies were obtained resulting from the constitution of the protective layer on the C-steel surface, which increased with increasing concentration and temperature and reached 91.7 to 96.5% as obtained from the chemical method at 20 × 10−6 M at 45 °C. The polarization curves refer to these derivatives belonging to mixed-type inhibitors. The adsorption of (H1, H2 and H3)on the CS surface follows the Temkin adsorption isotherm. Inhibition influence of hydrazide derivatives at the molecular level was greatly proven using quantum chemical calculations and Monte Carlo simulation methods. Furthermore, the molecular simulation results evidenced the adsorption of these derivatives on the carbon steel surface.

Investigation of Dolichandra unguis-cati leaves extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium

Electroactive compounds extracted by the leaves of Dolichandra unguis-cati (DUCLE) have been utilized for corrosion studies on mild steel in HCl solution. Mass-loss, Potentiodynamic Polarization, and Electrochemical impedance measurements were applied in the evaluation. The DUCLE forms a light coating on the surface of the metal, which helps in controlling the corrosion. The percentage inhibition performance, cathodic Tafel slopes, anodic Tafel slopes, and corrosion current density were evaluated. The maximum %ηW observed was 93.61 in 1 ​M HCl at 0.76 (g/L) concentration of DUCLE inhibitor after 3 ​h of immersion at 300 ±1K. DUCLE functions as a mix type inhibitor and, DUCLE adsorption on the mild steel fits the Langmuir isotherm. The inhibitor potential for mild steel was acquired by various concentrations of inhibitor. Thermodynamic specifications disclose the corrosion inhibition process was spontaneous and exothermic. The values of ΔGadso lie between −31.585 and −32.45 ​kJ mol−1for 1 ​M HCl. FT-IR, AFM, SEM, and contact angle techniques were used to characterize the DUCLE inhibitor's relationship on the surface of mild steel.