Steel In Acidic Environment Research Articles

Synthesis, characterization of novel coumarin dyes as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic environment: Experimental, theoretical, and biological studies

The new azo acetyl coumarin derivatives were synthesized and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and mass spectral studies. The ability for these three dyes to act as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl was confirmed by potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The state of mixed adsorption with the PP effect is shown. The azo acetyl coumarin derivatives showed the strongest corrosion inhibition of 85.29–93.01% at a corrosion of 7.5 × 10−4 M. Adsorption of the inhibitory molecules on the mild steel surface followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption phenomenon was verified using UV–Vis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) technique, whereas FTIR confirmed the presence of several functional groups containing heteroatoms. Also, quantum chemical parameters, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and the anti-bacterial effect of these new derivatives against sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) were studied. All obtained results ensure that these derivatives can form an effective blocking layer and control the corrosion process.

Dispersive interactions in the adsorption and corrosion inhibition effects of Alstonia boonei on mild steel in acidic environments

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the adsorption properties of a proven traditional medicine of West Africa origin, Alstonia boonei with an attempt to evaluate its application in the corrosion protection of mild steel in 5 M H2SO4 and 5 M HCl.Design/methodology/approachPhytochemical screening and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis were used to characterize the methanolic extract of the plant. Gravimetry, gasometry and electrochemical techniques were used in the corrosion inhibition studies of the extract and computational studies were used to describe the electronic and adsorption properties of eugenol, the most abundant phytochemical in Alstonia boonei.FindingsThe extract acted as a mixed-type inhibitor in both acidic solutions, with improved inhibition efficiency achieved with increasing concentration. While the efficiency increased with temperature for the HCl system, it decreased for the H2SO4 system. The mechanism of adsorption proposed for Alstonia boonei was chemisorption in the HCl system and physisorption in the H2SO4 system, and the adsorptions obeyed Langmuir isotherm at low temperatures. Computational parameters showed that eugenol, being a representative of Alstonia boonei, possesses excellent adsorption properties and has the potential to compete with other established plant-based corrosion inhibitors.Research limitations/implicationsAs opposed to pure compounds with distinctive corrosion effects, plant extracts are generally composed of a myriad of phytoconstituents that competitively promote or inhibit the corrosion process and their net effect is evident as inhibition efficiencies. This is, therefore, the main research limitation associated with the corrosion inhibition study of Alstonia boonei.Originality/valueBeing very rich in antioxidant properties by its proven curative and preventive effects for diseases, the interest was stimulated towards the attractive results that abound from its corrosion protection of metals via its anti-oxidation route.

Assessment of new designed surfactants as eco-friendly inhibitors for the corrosion of steel in acidic environment and evaluation of their biological and surface features: thermodynamic, kinetic and mechanistic aspects

Carbon steel is generally exposed to corrosion in acidic media, thus three nonionic surfactants based on pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives were designed and examined for the first time as inhibitors for carbon steel corrosion in 1.0 M HCl solution. The structures of the synthesized pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives and the surfactants were identified using FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The inhibition efficiencies (%IEs) of the examined surfactants were set to vary with the structures and concentrations of the designed surfactants. The potentiodynamic polarization experiments indicated that the surfactants proceed as mixed-kind inhibitors with chief anodic ones. Mass-loss studies revealed that the %IEs decreased with rising temperature. The obtained great %IEs (around 90% at 500 ppm) of the designed surfactants were interpreted via strong adsorption of the surfactant molecules on the carbon steel surface and construct a protecting film. The adsorption was set to follow the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The evaluated thermodynamic parameters sustained the physical nature of the adsorption process. The kinetics of corrosion inhibition by these surfactants were negative fractional-first order reactions. The mechanisms of carbon steel corrosion in HCl media and its inhibition by the designed surfactants were suggested. The investigational outcomes acquired from all utilized techniques are agreeable with each other. The designed surfactants were set to have biological activities and useful surface properties, which makes them have the potential ability to treat various diseases and can be employed in a variety of industrial applications.

Insight into Anticorrosion Mechanism of Ampicillin on Mild Steel in Acidic Environment: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach

The corrosion inhibition of mild carbon steels in an acidic environment by using ampicillin (AMP) has been evaluated based on experimental and quantum chemistry techniques. The experimental results indicate that the inhibition efficiency goes up at higher AMP concentration. The highest inhibition efficiency reaches 84.9% for polarization measurement and 90.1% for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with the inhibitor of concentration 100 ppm at 298 K. The surface characteristics (SEM) also reconfirm the steel corrosion inhibition ability of AMP. Some important chemical factors such as EHOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital energy), ELUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy), ΔEL−H (energy gap), and Fukui functions were calculated based on the optimized configuration of AMP at the theoretical level of B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p). Moreover, Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations were used to analyze the absorption behavior of inhibitor on the surface of Fe(110), which supplies the mechanism of inhibition corrosion processes. The obtained results showed that AMP is considered to be a potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M HCl medium. Moreover, the protonated state of AMP plays an important role in the protection of Fe surface against the corrosive process.

Electrochemical and theoretical performance of new synthetized pyrazole derivatives as promising corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid environment: Molecular structure effect on efficiency

New bi-Pyrazol-Carbohydrazides, N,N-bis (3-Carbohydrazide-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl) methylene (M2PyAz) and 1,4-bis (3-Carbohydrazide-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl) butane (B2PyAz), were synthesized and their inhibitor effect against mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 M HCl solution has been evaluated. Comparative study of inhibitory action of M2PyAz and B2PyAz was conducted first using weight loss measurements (WL), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and theoretical computational methods. The inhibition efficiencies of M2PyAz and B2PyAz can reach 98.6% and 87.8% respectively when the optimal concentration is 10–3 M. This result indicates that M2PyAz behave as excellent corrosion inhibitor towards MS because of its molecular size giving a denticity of electron donor atoms. EIS results indicate that the charge transfer resistance increases with augmentation concentration for both inhibitors and the MS corrosion in this system is controlled by a charge transfer process. PDP curves suggest that the M2PyAz and B2PyAz act as mixed type corrosion inhibitors. Free energy of adsorption obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model for both M2PyAz and B2PyAz implies that both molecules inhibit the acid attack mainly by chemisorption. WL-measurements were carried out in temperature range of 308–348 K, illustrating approximately 98.5% and 89% inhibitory efficiency respectively for M2PyAz and B2PyAz after 6 h immersion at 308 K in 1 M HCl solution. SEM images indicates the protective layer growth on the surface of metal in the presence of both inhibitors. SEM images analysis in the presence of both inhibitors confirmed the electrochemical outcomes. Density functional theory (DFT) method and molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) application suggest that M2PyAz and B2PyAz can show excellent corrosion inhibition character. The trend of reactivity of both molecules M2PyAz and B2PyAz is in agreement with experimental study.

The effect of N and S ratios in N, S co-doped carbon dot inhibitor on metal protection in 1 M HCl solution

BackgroundThe paper article wants to develop a new type of corrosion inhibitor to replace the traditional corrosion inhibitor and reduce environmental pollution. MethodsA kind of high-performance N, S co-doped carbon dot (N, S-CDs) inhibitor was synthesized by ammonium citrate and methionine with different ratios (100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15). A series of detection equipment were selected to evaluate the structure and corrosion inhibition behavior of as-obtained inhibitors. The result showed that the as-obtained inhibitors could effectively enhance the impedance of steel in acid environment. With the increase of addition amount, the enhancement degree was increased. In the meantime, the icorr of steel was decreased 1∼2 orders of magnitude in acid solution after adding 200 mg/L inhibitor. Among them, the corrosion inhibition efficiency was the highest and the corrosion rate was the lowest when the ratio of ammonium citrate and methionine was 90:10. The adsorption isotherm revealed that the as-obtained inhibitors could tightly cover on the steel surface by physicochemical interaction. Significant findingsThis work puts forward the corrosion protection mechanism of N, S-CDs on metal, which can provide technical guidance and basic theories for new corrosion inhibitors in metal corrosion protection.

A Review on Plants and Biomass Wastes as Organic Green Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Acidic Environment

Acid corrosion is a problem pertaining to corrosion that involves an acid solution. It is important to treat metal to preserve its integrity. Thus, acids are utilized to clean and treat metal surfaces. In return, this may lead to over-etching and metal degradation. Corrosion inhibitors were introduced as a solution for the issue. However, there are some problems associated with the usage of conventional corrosion inhibitors. Traces of nitrites and chromates that are present in the inhibitors may lead to serious health and environmental issues. As a solution, organic green corrosion inhibitors have been studied to replace the conventional corrosion inhibitors. These inhibitor molecules form a protective layer on top of the metal surface to suppress metal dissolution when added to the acid solution. This process prevents direct contact between the metal surfaces and the acid environment. This study explores the usage of natural resources and biomass wastes as the basis for organic green corrosion inhibitors. This study also provides some suggestions for new biomass wastes that can be studied as new organic corrosion inhibitors, and it is aimed at opening the perspective of researchers on exploring new organic inhibitors by using natural resources and biomass wastes.

Role of Organic and Eco-Friendly Inhibitors on the Corrosion Mitigation of Steel in Acidic Environments-A State-of-Art Review.

Steel has versatile application in chemical, structure and construction industries owing to its mechanical properties. However, it is susceptible to corrosion in acid environments. Thus, it requires to protect the steel from corrosion. Different types of corrosion resistance steel, coatings and inhibitors are developed to mitigate the corrosion, but, inhibitor is the best remedies to control the corrosion of steel in acid condition. Moreover, organic and green inhibitors used in acid condition for descaling, acid pickling, pipelines, boiler tubes and oil-wells. Organic inhibitors reduce the dissolution of steel in acid but, it is hazardous, expensive and needs expertise to synthesize the inhibitor. Therefore, there is utmost required to study and compile the latest research about the eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, which showed more than 90% corrosion inhibition efficiency. In the present study, I have reviewed the state-of-arts, and compile the latest development in organic and eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor used in acid environment as well as suggested about the future scope and role of green inhibitor for sustainable society, which is economical, less hazardous and readily available from the natural sources.

Heterocyclic Compounds Containing N atoms as Corrosion Inhibitors: A review

Corrosion is the most important and costly cause of severe operational problems encountered in oil and gas production systems. It may occur anywhere in the production system, from the oil/gas well bottom to the final transfer of produced gas or oil to the refinery. Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipelines is a common and serious problem in oil and gas production, which is designed for long-term operation. It involves an interaction between the metal wall and the flowing fluids. This problem has caused the consideration of many corrosion control programs and research in various oilfields around the world. There is global use of carbon steels as materials of construction for pipes in the oil and gas industries. Compounds triazoles and their derivatives have attracted huge attention due to their simple preparation and superior corrosion inhibition activity towards mild steel in acidic environments. Therefore, the present review aims to highlight the carried out using Compounds triazoles and their derivatives for steel protection in different corrosive environments.

Corrosion Behaviour of Nitronic Steel in Acidic Environment

Nitronic steel exhibits an austenitic matrix with carbide precipitates along the grain boundaries. The nitronic steel also shows excellent ductility (nearly 2 times of the other stainless steel) which enhances their structural applications. In the view of the performance of nitrogen alloyed steel, the corrosion behaviour of the as-received nitronic steels wasstudied and compared its corrosion behaviour with the conventional stainless steels being used in chemical and hydropower industries. The corrosion study of the nitronic steel and conventional stainless steels was performed in different aqueous solutions (H2SO4 and NaCl). The results obtained from corrosion studies suggest the lower corrosion rate of nitronic steel as compared to the conventional stainless steels. The corroded surfaces were analyzed using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope for the elemental analysis of corrosion products. Keywords: Nitronic steel; Corrosion; Stainless steel; Acidic solutions

Recycling of Some Water Soluble Drugs for Corrosion Inhibition of Steel Materials: Analytical and Electrochemical Measurements

The accumulation of the expired vitamin B6 drugs is hazards for both our child’s and environment, the present research aimed to reuse the expired water soluble drug in its pharmaceutical form as potential non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for steel alloys used in manufacturer of the petroleum pipe lines in 1.0 M HCl. Atomic absorption spectroscopy(AAS) and electrochemical techniques were used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency, effect of concentrations and temperature were studied, the data show that the inhibition efficiency was increased with concentrations and decreased with temperature. Potentiodynamic polarization data show that the expired vitamin B6 retard both anodic and cathodic potential meaning it is a mixed inhibitor. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS, techniques data shows that the expired drug help to increases the polarization resistance by adsorbing on metal/electrolyte interface. This kind of adsorption found to obeying Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The data obtained from the used techniques exhibit good agreement between them with (± 1) to prove that the used expired vitaminB6 medicinal drugs act as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for the steel in acidic environment in its pharmaceutical from

Corrosion mechanism of a new-type low-alloy corrosion resistant steel containing Sb used in acid environment

PurposeThis study aims to develops a new-type low-alloy corrosion resistant steel containing Sb and investigate the corrosion mechanism of this new-type low-alloy steel.Design/methodology/approachEnergy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the rust layers formed on these samples. Laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the corroded surfaces of the steels.FindingsResults showed that Sb added can consume H+ in the solution, thereby preventing the oxygen reaction to slow down the corrosion rate. Meanwhile, a stable and insoluble substance (Sb2O3) in the acidic solution would be produced when the reaction of the product of Sb and H+ with the enough dissolved oxygen in the solution. Due to the precipitation of Sb2O3 and iron oxyhydroxides, the rust layer of Sb-containing steel became more uniform and compact, which resulted in better corrosion resistance in acid environment.Originality/valueIn this study, a new-type acid resistant low-alloy steel containing Sb was developed. Compared with the results, the corrosion mechanism of the new-type low-alloy steel in acid environment was discussed.

5-Mercapto-1-phenyltetrazole as a high-efficiency corrosion inhibitor for Q235 steel in acidic environment

The corrosion inhibition performance of 5-Mercapto-1-phenyltetrazole (MPT) has been studied using theoretical calculation and abundant experimental methods. Electrochemical experiments show that MPT show high-efficiency corrosion inhibition ability for Q235 steel in H2SO4 environment. The concentration of MPT is 5 mM, the anti-corrosion inhibition efficiency (η) is 98.1% at the 298 K. Besides, the anti-corrosion nature of MPT can keep about 98% in the temperature district of 298 K to 318 K. The test results of atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) strongly prove that MPT can effectively adsorb at the Q235 steel interface, thereby effectively inhibiting the Q235 steel corrosion. The adsorption of MPT at the interface of Q235 steel conforms to Langmuir single-deck adsorption, and both physical and chemical adsorption exist. The theoretically calculated surface MPT has a large dipole moment and a small energy gap value, so it can exhibit high-quality corrosion inhibition performance.

Study of Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibition for Mild Steel in Acidic Environment

The inhibition effect of Chamaemelum Nobile extract on corrosion of mild steel electrode in 1.0 molar hydrochloric acid was studied using gravimetric analysis and electrochemical methods. Results from the experimental studies have shown that, as the inhibitor concentration increases the inhibition efficiency. The adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on mild steel surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscope performed a surface study with and without inhibitors for mild steel. From all the results in this research, we found that Chamaemelum Nobile extract was an attractive alternative to prevent corrosion as it shows the great inhibition efficiency.

Inhibition efficiency of pyrazinecarboxylic acid on mild steel in acidic environment

Pyrazinecarboxylic acid (PCA) was examined as a potential corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in 0.5 M HCl environment. The methods of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR), as well potentiodynamic (PD) polarization were utilized. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and quantum chemical calculations were utilized. PD polarization curves demonstrated that PCA exhibited mixed inhibitor behavior. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) offered the creation of an adsorptive layer on the surface of MS which prevented the steel against corrosive specimens. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) presented good agreement with electrochemical experimental results. The adsorption equilibrium constant () value was calculated to be 3.704 × 104 M −1 which was related to a high proportion of inhibitor on the surface. In the presence of 1.0 mM PCA, inhibition efficiency was determined as 95.2% from EIS results.

Study of three new halogenated oxoquinolinecarbohydrazide N-phosphonate derivatives as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid environment

Three new and original halogenated oxoquinolinecarbohydrazide N-phosphonate derivatives (DHOP-F, DHOP-Cl and DHOP-Br) were prepared from the corresponding 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylates (81, 71 and 65% yields, respectively), characterized by IR, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy and HRMS and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel AISI 1020 in hydrochloric acid media. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Linear Polarization Resistance and Weight Loss Study revealed an anticorrosive efficiency of 93.0, 84.2 and 66.8%, respectively, for DHOP-Br, DHOP-Cl and DHOP-F, at a very low concentration (0.48 mmol L−1). Physical chemical calculations showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous, and all molecules obey the Langmuir theory. Data crossing between electrochemical and gravimetric measurements reveals a protection mechanism of adsorption by organic monolayer formation on the metal surface. Polarization curves proves that the organic molecules are all mixed-type corrosion inhibitors and Atomic Force Microscopy images suggest the formation of a protective layer on the metal surface. Ab initio calculations are in great agreement with the experimental results and, therefore, used to rationalize the reason why the bromide derivative is the best inhibitor.

Experimental studies and computational exploration on the 2-amino-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole as novel corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic environment

In the present research, a new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative, namely the 2-amino-5-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (5-AMT) was synthesized and investigated as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (M-steel) in molar hydrochloric acid medium. The experimental studies such as weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), Linear polarization resistance (LPR) technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed in order to evaluate the corrosion protection performance of the tested compound. Based on the experimental outcomes, a protection degree of approximately 98 % was achieved exploiting 5 × 10−4 M of 5-AMT after 1 h of immersion at temperature 303 K. Additionally, PDP study highlighted that the investigated 1,3,4-thiadiazole is of mixed-kind inhibitor. Thermodynamic data from adsorption isotherms and activation energies were determined and discussed. It was shown that the adsorption of 5-AMT molecules fits Langmuir isotherm model. Furthermore, in order to characterize the M-steel surface and to comprehend the adsorption mechanism of 5-AMT, XPS analyses were accomplished. Computational studies by DFT and MD simulation were also conducted to correlate the protection properties and quantum chemical parameters of the investigated inhibitor.

Ni-Cu matrix composite reinforced with CNTs: preparation, characterization, wear and corrosion behavior, inhibitory effects

St37 steel has been used in various industries due to its abundance and low cost. However, the high corrosion rate of steel in acidic environments is one of the limiting factors for its application. In this study, Ni-Cu compos-ite coating reinforced with CNTs was applied on the st37 steel substrate. The extract of the Sarang Semut plant was added to the coating as inhibitory particles and the electrochemical behavior of the coating was investigated. The X-ray diffraction test was performed for phase analysis. Hardness, wear, and dynamic potential polarization tests were performed. Results showed that the presence of CNT particles improved the hardness, tribological performance, and electrochemical behavior of the coating. Also, the presence of Sarang Semut particles acted as a barrier and protected the surface of st37 steel from corrosion. It should be noted that these particles affected the kinetics and thermodynamics of corrosion reactions and were not involved in the reactions.

Investigations on eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid environment: Electrochemical, DFT and Monte Carlo Simulation approach

Corrosion is one of the challenging problems faced by most of the industries. Corrosion inhibitors are required to overcome the corrosion problem in these industries. Although a large number of organic corrosion inhibitors are reported in literature but most of them are toxic and effective at larger concentrations. Therefore there is a need to search eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors which should be effective even at a very lower concentration. In present investigation, eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors, namely, 2- (5-(4-cyanophenyl) -2,4,6,8-tetraoxo-1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9 – octahydropyrido [2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidin-10 (5 H)-yl)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl) propanoic acid (CTDP) and 4-(2,4,6,8-tetraoxo-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octahydro-1H-pyrano[2,3-d:6,5-d']dipyrimidin-5-yl)benzonitrile (OPDB) were synthesized and their corrosion inhibitive properties on mild steel (MS) in 15 % HCl solution was studied by using gravimetric, electrochemical and theoretical calculations. The inhibitors CTDP and OPDB exhibited inhibition efficiency of 68.22 and 63.46 %, respectively, even at a very low concentration of 10 ppm whereas 94.01 and 91.11 %, respectively at 80 ppm concentration and 303 K temperature. Electrochemical studies suggested that CTDP and OPDB act as mixed type inhibitor. Adsorption of both inhibitors obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. FESEM and AFM studies suggested the adsorption of CTDP and OPDB on MS surface to reduce the corrosion. Experimental outcomes support the outcomes obtained from DFT and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS).

Utilization of mangosteen extract as a corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in acid environment (HCl)

Utilization of mangosteen rind extract as carbon steel inhibitors in the environment of hydrochloric acid (HCl) 0.1M, 0.5M, and 1.0M. Extracts were carried out by extraction using ethanol solvent at a temperature of 600C with a time of 80 minutes. The variation of extract concentration (100 ppm to 1000 ppm in 3 days and the effect of time of corroding the carbon steel with the addition of 1000 ppm extract. Corrosion rate is calculated based on the difference in weight and corrosion products shown by microscope optics. The objective was investigated corrosion inhibition efficiency that could be prevented by mangosteen peel extract as inhibitor. The results showed inhibitory properties of mangosteen peel extract for three (3) days increased with increasing extract concentrations up to 76.53% in 0.1M HCl solution and 28.83% in 1.0M HCl solutions. For the addition of 1000 ppm mangosteen peel extract showed inhibitor efficiency reached about 90% at 3 days of corrosive time in HCl 0, 5 M, 87% in 1.0 M HCl solution, and 81% in 0.1 M HCl solution. The experiment showed that the process of diffusion of compounds in extracts on the surface of carbon steel and react with ferro ions (Fe2 +) to form chemical covalent coordination coordinate with a thickness of 76 µm was succesfully done.