Corrosion Resistance Of Steel Research Articles

Effect of different heat-treatment processes on corrosion resistance of 17-4PH steel

Effect of different heat-treatment processes on corrosion resistance of 17-4PH steel

Improvement of Tribological Properties and Corrosion Resistance of AISI 4340M Steel by Shot Peening and Plating Technologies

Improvement of Tribological Properties and Corrosion Resistance of AISI 4340M Steel by Shot Peening and Plating Technologies

Effect of Solution Treatment Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Ultra-High Nitrogen Stainless Steel

Effect of Solution Treatment Temperature on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of Ultra-High Nitrogen Stainless Steel

Corrosion behaviour of 110SS steel in hydrochloric acid and blended acid system at 200°C

The influence of organic acids (formic acid, acetic acid) on the corrosion behaviour of 110SS steel, a hydrogen sulphide corrosion resistant alloy steel, in hydrochloric (HCl) acid environments was studied. The corrosion rates of 110SS steels in HCl acid and blended acid were measured using the high-temperature and high-pressure corrosion tester. Scanning electron microscopy was utilised to observe the morphology of corrosion products on steel samples corroded by different acid systems, and the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer was used to analyse the elemental composition of the corrosion products. The corrosion morphology was observed using a 3D laser scanner. The results indicated that the corrosion rate of 110SS steel in HCl acid at 200 °C was an exponential function of HCl concentration. Reducing the HCl concentration significantly decreased the corrosion rate of 110SS steel. Organic acids and corrosion inhibitors synergistically reduced the corrosion of 110SS steel in HCl acid. Adding 3 wt.% organic acid to the 15 wt.% HCl acid system further reduced the corrosion rate, with a more pronounced effect observed in the HCl–formic acid system compared to the HCl–acetic acid system. Organic acids chemically adsorbed onto the steel surface and decomposed to produce CO, which hindered the attack of hydrogen ions on the metal. The added corrosion inhibitor and intensifier Sb2O3 resulted in the formation of a compact adsorption film on the steel surface, further inhibiting corrosion. The optimal mass ratio of HCl acid to organic acid was found to be 15% to 3%.

Effect of Mo and Sn co-regulation on low alloy steel corrosion in tropical marine atmosphere

The influence of co-regulating Mo and Sn on the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel in tropical marine atmospheric was investigated. The combined addition of Mo and Sn has been found to significantly improve the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel, augmenting the protective capabilities of the rust layer. This combined addition promotes the formation of protective compounds like α-FeOOH and FeCr2O4 within the alloy rust layer. Furthermore, it facilitates the conversion of Cr, Ni and Cu into corrosion-resistant oxides such as Cr2O3, NiFe2O4 and CuO, thereby enhancing the density of the rust layer. Additionally, as corrosion progresses over time, higher levels of Sn addition lead to increased Sn content within the inner rust layer, consequently bolstering the protective qualities of the rust layer. This comprehensive understanding sheds light on the synergistic effects of Mo and Sn in fortifying the corrosion resistance of low alloy steel, offering insights for the development of advanced corrosion-resistant materials in marine environments.

Enhanced electrochemical corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel manufactured by ultrasonic rolling assisted laser directed energy deposition

Enhanced electrochemical corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel manufactured by ultrasonic rolling assisted laser directed energy deposition

Improving corrosion resistance of super-13Cr martensitic stainless steel by a homogenized amorphous film

Improving corrosion resistance of super-13Cr martensitic stainless steel by a homogenized amorphous film

Mechanistic role of vanadium microalloying in improving corrosion resistance of low carbon bainitic steel

Mechanistic role of vanadium microalloying in improving corrosion resistance of low carbon bainitic steel

Effects of dual-phase deformation behaviors on simultaneously enhanced tensile properties and stress corrosion resistance of 2Cr13 martensitic stainless steel treated by laser shock peening

Effects of changes in martensite and carbide induced by laser shock peening (LSP) on tensile properties and stress corrosion behaviors of 2Cr13 martensitic stainless steel (MSS) were investigated. Results indicated that LSP not only caused plastic deformation of the martensite and carbide but also brittle deformation of carbide. Based on fine/coarse grain heterostructure, carbide plastic and brittle deformation, carbide local decomposition, compressive residual stress and grain coarsening caused by tensile stress, 14.7 % and 44.5 % increase in the strength and ductility in NaCl solution are respectively achieved for MSS with a surface where the formation of corrosion pits is significantly suppressed.

Influence of Ce on the corrosion resistance of high-strength low-alloy steel in simulated marine environments

Steel with enhanced corrosion resistance in both simulated deep sea and shallow sea environments was developed by adding cerium (Ce) to high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel. Through conventional characterization techniques, the electrochemical performance, rust layer composition, and protective properties of the steel were analyzed. The study found that the steel exhibited superior corrosion resistance when the Ce content was 0.2 wt%. This improvement is largely attributed to Ce's role in promoting the formation of α-FeOOH, which results in a dense and protective rust layer. Additionally, Ce consumes oxygen and inhibit the cathodic depolarization reaction. Furthermore, due to the low oxygen solubility in the simulated deep sea environment, the cathode reaction is further inhibited, leading to a lower corrosion degree in the deep sea environment compared to the shallow sea environment.

Synthesis of MnFe2O4 Spinel on Rusted Q235 Steel Surface and Its Corrosion Resistance Properties.

Corrosion of steel is an issue that cannot be ignored in contemporary society. Due to large-scale corrosion, it is urgent to develop a surface treatment process that enhances the corrosion resistance of steel, allowing for application in various scenarios as needed. This study aims to investigate a novel surface treatment process to extend the service life of corroded Q235 steel, reduce its sensitivity to corrosion, and enable its use in multiple environments. This study employs the sol-gel method, using manganese nitrate solutions of varying concentrations to treat the surface of Q235 steel after different electrolysis times. The optimal conditions for precursor preparation were found to be a Mn2+ concentration of 0.1 mol/L and an electrolysis time of 2 h. Electrochemical tests using NaCl solutions of different concentrations revealed a significant reduction in the corrosion current for the composite coating based on Q235 steel treated with this method in NaCl solutions with wt.% = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Furthermore, the resistance to corrosion was strongest in the NaCl solution with a concentration of 1 wt.% where the corrosion current decreased from 24.8 µA/cm2 to 6.79 µA/cm2. Additionally, the coating was found to be diffusion-controlled in the early stages of the corrosion process and charge transfer-controlled in the later stages. The MnFe2O4 spinel coating demonstrated the greatest enhancement in corrosion resistance in the wt.% = 1 NaCl solution.

Study of Effects of Post-Weld Heat Treatment Time on Corrosion Behavior and Manufacturing Processes of Super Duplex Stainless SAF 2507 for Advanced Li-Ion Battery Cases.

Lithium-ion batteries are superior energy storage devices that are widely utilized in various fields, from electric cars to small portable electric devices. However, their susceptibility to thermal runaway necessitates improvements in battery case materials to improve their safety. This study used electrochemical analyses, including open-circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization, and critical pitting temperature (CPT) analyses, to investigate the corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel (SAF 2507) applied to battery cases in relation to post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) time. The microstructure during the manufacture, laser welding, and PWHT was analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electron backscatter diffraction, and the chemical composition was analyzed using dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron probe micro-analysis. The PWHT increased the volume fraction of austenite from 5% to 50% over 3 min at 1200 °C; this increased the OCP from -0.21 V to +0.03 V, and increased the CPT from 56 °C to 73 °C. The PWHT effectively improved the corrosion resistance, laying the groundwork for utilizing SAF 2507 in battery case materials. But the alloy segregation and heterogeneous grain morphology after PWHT needs improvement.

Nitrogen-rich skeleton reassembled ECOFs as energetic materials with low sensitivities and good corrosion resistance

Corrosion between energetic materials and metal containers can accelerate material aging and failure, significantly affecting the safety, reliability, and lifespan of ammunition systems. To address this challenge, we propose the construction of energetic covalent organic frameworks (ECOFs) as a promising solution. We introduce a straightforward method for synthesizing nitrogen-rich ECOFs. The synthesized ECOFs were characterized through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). These frameworks exhibit remarkable thermal stability, with decomposition temperatures above 285 °C. Notably, they display low sensitivity to non-explosive stimuli, as evidenced by impact sensitivity over 60 J and friction sensitivity over 360 N. The anti-rust properties of the ECOFs were further evaluated using Tafel curve analysis, highlighting their exceptional resistance to metal corrosion. Particularly, ECOF-3, synthesized from triaminoguanidine nitrate and 5-nitro-1,3-benzenedicarboxaldehyde, stands out for its superior steel corrosion resistance. These ECOFs have potential applications as high-energy, anti-corrosion coatings materials.

Role of sodium citrate in electrochemical behavior of reinforcing steel exposed to carbonated alkali-activated fly ash contaminated with chloride ions

Alkali-activated fly ash (AAFA) is considered as a promising alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, the lack of calcium hydroxide in AAFA leads to an increased susceptibility to carbonation, thereby resulting in a decreased alkalinity of pore solutions in AAFA and significantly impacting the stability of steel passive films. To improve the corrosion resistance of steel in carbonated AAFA environments, sodium citrate was used as an environmentally-friendly corrosion inhibitor with three carboxylate groups. In this context, the corresponding electrochemical behavior of steel exposed to carbonated AAFA solutions with different concentrations of citrate was studied. In spite of the detrimental effect on the initial passivation behavior, sodium citrate was found to effectively improve the corrosion resistance to chloride attack for steel owing to a synergistic inhibition effect of adsorption film and precipitates on the steel surface. In addition, the correlation of citrate concentration and inhibition mechanism in carbonated AAFA solutions was revealed.

Enhanced steel corrosion inhibition through microbially induced carbonate precipitation with facultative anaerobic denitrifying bacterium

Denitrification processes are increasingly studied as a promising alternative to ureolytic microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP). This study investigates the capabilities of the newly isolated denitrifying bacterium, Stutzerimonas stutzeri CF3, in promoting calcium carbonate precipitation and enhancing steel corrosion resistance under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The facultative anaerobe was tested across a range of environmental parameters including pH levels (7.5–11.5), C/N ratios (5−15), NaCl salinity (0–5 %), and Ca²⁺ concentrations (0–30 mmol), to determine its adaptability and effectiveness in precipitating calcium carbonate. Our findings reveal that S. stutzeri CF3 not only survives but thrives under extreme conditions, demonstrating significant nitrate removal and robust calcium carbonate precipitation, particularly in high salinity and variable pH environments. Furthermore, the study examines the implications of S. stutzeri CF3 on steel corrosion, particularly Q235 steel, using Tafel polarization techniques, demonstrating enhanced corrosion resistance. These results underscore the dual utility of S. stutzeri CF3 in microbial self-healing concrete applications, pointing to its potential to improve the durability and integrity of construction materials by leveraging its versatile metabolic pathways.

The effect of tempering temperature on microstructure and corrosion resistance of M390 powder metallurgical martensitic stainless steel

The corrosion resistance of M390 powder metallurgical martensitic stainless steel with different tempering temperatures was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements, salt spray tests, and microstructural analyses utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The tempering temperature had no significant effect on the size and volume fraction of carbides. The corrosion resistance of M390 steel gradually deteriorated with increasing tempering temperature, and a loss passivation (LOP) effect was observed when tempered at 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the width of the Cr-depleted zones around the undissolved M7C3 carbides increased with increasing tempering temperature, while the Cr content in these zones decreased, which was the main reason for the deterioration of corrosion resistance. This study offers valuable insights into optimizing the tempering process to improve the corrosion resistance of M390 steel for practical applications.

Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of maraging steel by additive manufacturing

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a revolutionary and innovative technology that provides advanced technical support for the forming of parts with high precision and complex structures. In this work, a new type of Fe-Ni-Mo-Ti-Al-Y cobalt-free maraging steel was successfully fabricated by LPBF. The additive manufacturing parameters and the microstructural evolution of cobalt-free maraging steel under different heat treatment parameters were systematically studied. The results show that the parts without cracks and close to complete density can be fabricated under a wide LPBF process window. The dislocation cell with 500 nm in the printing state makes the material have good plasticity. After post-heat treatment, the preferred orientation of LPBF maraging steel is reduced, but the typical characteristics of molten pool and cellular structure in maraging steel disappeared, which is the result of local composition and microstructure homogenization. The elongation of LPBF maraging steel in solution annealed state is higher than that in as-printed state, which is due to the reduction of dislocation density and grain coarsening. However, after direct aging, due to the formation of nano-sized Ni3(Ti, Mo) precipitates in the matrix, the mechanical properties of the material were effectively enhanced, and the tensile strength increases from ∼1.1 GPa in as-printed state to ∼1.6 GPa in aging state. In contrast, the corrosion resistance of as-printed maraging steel is higher and comparable to that of traditional cobalt-containing maraging steel. However, the corrosion resistance of LPBF maraging steel after being aged is reduced, which is due to the existence of precipitates and dislocations. This study provides a theoretical reference for the composition design and strengthening mechanism of LPBF cobalt-free maraging steel.

Effect of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Effect of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion

Insight into the corrosion resistance of mild steel in an acidic environment in the presence of an organic extract: Experimental and computational approach

Green corrosion inhibitors are crucial in lowering the rate at which metals corrode as well as the negative environmental effects of hazardous substances. Considering this, Curcuma longa (CL) root extract was used as an effective and safe corrosion inhibitor in this study. The inhibitory efficacy was thoroughly investigated using the weight loss (WL), open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques, respectively. The inhibitor was found to be effective at impeding the rate of deterioration of mild steel in 1 M HCl and 0.5 M H2SO4 environments. In a mixed-type mode, the CL reduced the anodic and cathodic reactions. However, in a 0.5 M H2SO4 environment, CL proved to be slightly more effective compared to a 1 M HCl environment. Inhibition efficiency values of 91.8 % (0.5 M H2SO4) and 89.6 % (1 M HCl) were obtained. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm (LAI) was used to validate the results. Some surface probe analysis such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FR-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were used to complement the electrochemical results. Quantum chemical computations confirmed some active sites on the molecular structures of a few selected active constituents of the CL extract.

The corrosion properties of ferritic stainless steel with varying Cr and Mo contents in the early stages of a simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell environment investigated using experimental and joint calculation method HKD

The initial corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steels with various Cr and Mo levels in simulated fuel cell environments is evaluated using the HKD calculation method and electrochemical tests. HKD utilizes high-throughput DFT, KMC, and AIMD statistical coverage calculations to study passivation film development and ion/molecule adsorption behaviors, like O2-, F-, H2O, and OH-. Super-high Cr-containing Mo steel shows reliable corrosion resistance due to their stable structure and effective passivation film integrity at various F- concentrations and pH values. Furthermore, the impact of F- competes with O2-, influencing film formation as pH lowers and concentration rises.