ABSTRACT PORTABLE, emergency structures (36-m3 and 73-m3 capacities) for the storing of surplus wheat for 6 to 12 mo were developed and tested. Nine emergency struc-tures were compared with an open pile, a steel bin and a plywood bin by measuring moisture content, temperature, C02-02 composition of intergranular air, seed germination, microflora, arthropods, fat acidity, grade, milling and baking quality and mycotoxins. The amount of wheat rejected because of excessive spoilage varied from 0.1 to 4.3 percent in the emergency struc-tures, 0 to 1.2 percent in the steel and plywood bins and 49.5 percent in the open pile. The rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus was found in large numbers in only the open pile.