Steady Source Research Articles

The right of perpetual usufruct and the principles of a market economy

The right of perpetual usufruct is deeply rooted in the Polish legal system. Perpetual usufruct has a long history, and it is unlikely to be abolished in the near future. Therefore, the extent to which the right of perpetual usufruct is consistent with the principles of a free-market economy should be determined. In the present study, this issue has been examined comprehensively by describing the economic aspects of this right. The fees associated with perpetual usufruct can attract individuals who have an interest in establishing this right. However, these fees can also discourage potential usufructuaries. Despite the above, perpetual usufruct fees constitute a steady source of income for territorial self-governments which grant the right to perpetual usufruct of municipal land. In addition to a comprehensive overview of perpetual usufruct fees, this study also involved a survey to determine the extent to which territorial self-governments exercise the legal rights associated with the collection of perpetual usufruct fees.

PV- Battery Based AC/DC Hybrid Multiport Power Routing System

The utilization of renewable energy sources has significantly increased as a result of growing environmental concerns and the depletion of traditional energy sources. One clean and sustainable energy source that has gained popularity among them is photovoltaic (PV) systems. Batteries and other energy storage devices are necessary to offer a steady and dependable power source, though, because PV energy is sporadic. Effective power flow control and a dependable power supply are demonstrated by the test results. By reducing dependency on traditional sources and supporting clean and sustainable energy, this adaptable and scalable solution is suitable for residential, commercial, and industrial environments. An AC/DC hybrid multiport power routing system based on PV batteries is shown in this project to solve this problem. The battery bank, power routing unit, and PV array that make up the suggested system. keywords: PV panels, batteries, inverters, and a microcontroller-based power routing unit.

Enhancement of material properties of SS 316 L base metal by TIG cladding process

The Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding process was utilized to apply stainless steel (SS) 304 filler cladding onto the stainless steel (SS) 316 L base metal. This cladding resulted in an enhancement of the base metal's properties. An optical study and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis conducted to investigate the metallurgical properties revealed refined grain structures, indicating improved deposition of the SS 304 filler. The optical survey classified the different zones as base metal, weld metal, and transition line, with the transition line distinguishing the deposition of the filler metal through the cladding process. The refined grain structures, optimal process parameter selection (current, gas flow rate, and travel speed at a minimal level), and double-pass cladding have significantly influenced microhardness and tensile test values. The cladding of SS 304 fillers on SS 316 L alloys demonstrated improvement in the microhardness and tensile properties by 42.5 % and 13.2 %, respectively. Further investigation into the nozzle gun's heat input, current, and travel speed showed that maintaining a consistent travel speed with a steady heat source had a substantial impact on the material properties of the base metal.

Enhancing Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity through Crop Residue Management: A Review

Competing uses of crop residues and suggesting their management is one of the conservation agricultural practices which have a very efficient strategy to increase the soil fertility and crop productivity. Among the available organic sources of plant nutrients, crop residue is one of the most important sources for supplying nutrients to the crop and for improving soil health besides increasing the organic matter of the soil. Crop residue enhances the physical and chemical characteristics of soils and, in general, serves as a steady source of food for the fauna, flora and many creatures that inhabit the soil. The slope of the farmland determines how much crop residue is left on the farm. As a result, farmlands with steep slopes require a lot of crop leftovers, whereas farmlands with moderate slopes require fewer crop residues. The maintenance and productivity of the farmland, which results in fertile farmland and improved crop output, may be achieved if the principal obstacles pertaining to uses of agricultural leftovers were resolved.

Fitness consequences of anthropogenic subsidies for a partially migratory wading bird.

Human activities are forcing wildlife to confront selective pressures different from those under which they evolved. In seasonal environments, migration evolved as an adaptation to fluctuating resource availability. Anthropogenic subsidies modify resource dynamics by providing a steady food source that is not subject to seasonality. Globally, many migratory populations are becoming increasingly resident in response to food supplementation. While these population-level shifts are assumed to arise from changing fitness consequences of individual behaviour in response to resource dynamics, these mechanisms are often difficult to quantify and disentangle. Here, we quantified fitness consequences of responses to anthropogenic subsidies in partially migratory wood storks (Mycteria americana) in the heavily urbanized southeastern United States. First, we tested whether individual migratory behaviour is linked to different responses to anthropogenic subsidies. Second, we quantified fitness consequences of these behavioural responses. We found that, in our system, migration and residency are alternative behavioural tactics associated with different responses to food supplementation. In turn, the use of anthropogenic resources alters a fitness component by enhancing nest survival. These results provide a mechanistic examination of how animals may respond to human-modified resource dynamics and how fitness consequences of individual tactics may translate into behavioural shifts at the population level.

Evaluating crown scorch predictions from a computational fluid dynamics wildland fire simulator

BackgroundCrown scorch—the heating of live leaves, needles, and buds in the vegetative canopy to lethal temperatures without widespread combustion—is one of the most common fire effects shaping post-fire canopies. Despite the ability of computational fluid dynamic models to finely resolve fire activity and buoyant plume dynamics including heterogenous 3D distributions of forest canopy heating, these models have had only limited use in simulating fire effects and have not been used to evaluate crown scorch. Here, we demonstrate a method of evaluating crown scorch using a computational fluid dynamics model, FIRETEC, and validate this approach by simulating the experiments that were used to develop Van Wagner’s 1973 crown scorch model.ResultsThe average scorch height prediction from FIRETEC compares well with the empirical model derived by Van Wagner, which is the most widely used empirical model for crown scorch. We further find that the 3D buoyant plume dynamics from a steady and homogeneous idealized heat source on the ground results in a spatially heterogenous crown scorch pattern reflecting complex heating dynamics that are best represented by percent scorch rather than height of scorch.ConclusionsThe ability of the computational fluid dynamics model to capture variation in crown scorch due to 3D buoyant plume dynamics provides direct links between forest structure, fire behavior, and fire effects that can be used by forest managers and researchers to better understand how fires result in crown damage under various environmental and management scenarios.

Synchronicity of the Gulf Stream path downstream of Cape Hatteras and the region of maximum wind stress curl

The Gulf Stream, a major ocean current in the North Atlantic ocean is a key component in the global redistribution of heat and is important for marine ecosystems. Based on 27 years (1993–2019) of wind reanalysis and satellite altimetry measurements, we present observational evidence that the path of this freely meandering jet after its separation from the continental slope at Cape Hatteras, aligns with the region of maximum cyclonic vorticity of the wind stress field known as the positive vorticity pool. This synchronicity between the wind stress curl maximum region and the Gulf Stream path is observed at multiple time-scales ranging from months to decades, spanning a distance of 1500 km between 70 and 55W. The wind stress curl in the positive vorticity pool is estimated to drive persistent upward vertical velocities ranging from 5 to 17 cm day−1 over its ~ 400,000 km2 area; this upwelling may supply a steady source of deep nutrients to the Slope Sea region, and can explain as much as a quarter of estimated primary productivity there.

Carbon dioxide emissions from temperate reservoirs and pit lakes of different trophic states

The abundance of human-made inland waters, such as artificial ponds and reservoirs, has multiplied over the last decades. Compared to natural lakes, reservoirs and retention basins can exhibit a higher accumulation of organic carbon and a higher emission of greenhouse gases. Magnitude and dynamics of related emission fluxes are important to understand the role of inland waters in the global carbon cycle. However, origin and use of artificial waterbodies are diverse, and it is unclear whether current gas flux estimates adequately represent all important types and conditions of artificial inland waters. This study compares drivers of CO2 and CH4 emissions from two types of temperate artificial waters that are widespread in central Europe: reservoirs and artificial lakes in former open-pit lignite mines (pit lakes). We measured CO2 exchange at the water surface, calculated surface water CO2 from long-term DIC and pH data, and measured CO2 and CH4 concentrations throughout the water column. We found that an older, eutrophic pit lake showed seasonal variations in CO2 fluxes including uptake during summer and release during turnover, similar to three studied freshwater reservoirs. In contrast, reacidification and repeated addition of carbonate (liming) led to sustained CO2 supersaturation in a young, oligotrophic pit lake throughout the year, potentially making it a steady source of CO2 to the atmosphere. This implies that on an annual level, pH regulation and lake maturity largely determine whether pit lakes act as sources of CO2 (young, slightly acidic) or sinks of CO2 (older, neutral pH).

Steady Output Triboelectric-Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator with Variable Drag Turbine Blades for Natural Wind Energy Harvesting.

In recent years, the triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generator (TEHG) has been widely studied. However, the problems of unsteady output and high starting wind speed of traditional TEHG in the wind energy environment have not been effectively solved. This work introduces an innovative solution in the form of a steady output triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generator (SO-TEHG) with variable drag turbine blades. The SO-TEHG integrates the energy management circuit to output steady electric energy under random wind conditions. In addition, the integration of variable drag turbine blades with the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) reduces the wind speed threshold required for SO-TEHG activation. In comparison to the traditional turbine blades, which necessitate a minimum wind speed of 3 m/s, the SO-TEHG's innovative design allows it to commence power generation at a lower 2 m/s wind speed, producing an additional output of 50 V. This enhanced starting capability in mild breezes positions the SO-TEHG as an ideal power source for applications. In practical farmland settings, experimental results conclusively demonstrate the SO-TEHG's ability to successfully activate soil hygrothermographs and hydrogen sensors. As a steady power source driven by gentle winds, the SO-TEHG holds tremendous promise for advancing smart agriculture.

Experimental and numerical analysis of cosine wave heat source on thermal storage performance of a conical spiral shell-tube energy storage system

Solar radiation is the main driving force for the energy source of solar collectors, and its intensity determines the amount of energy that solar collectors can absorb. Therefore, the periodicity of radiation intensity will lead to periodic fluctuations in the outlet water temperature of solar collectors. This study numerically investigates the effects of the heat source period, amplitude, inlet flow rate, and steady state heat source temperature on the thermal storage performance of conical spiral shell-tube energy storage systems when the inlet temperature varies periodically as a cosine function using fluent software. The results show that when heat source periods are between 5 and 300 min, compared to the constant heat source, the total energy storage capacity can be increased by a maximum of 7.32 %. The melting time can be shortened by a maximum of 16.31 %. The average energy storage rate and energy storage efficiency can be increased by a maximum of 4.08 % and 0.17 %, respectively. When amplitudes are increased from 0 to 20 K, the melting time, total energy storage capacity, and energy storage efficiency are reduced by 30.21 %, 1.19 %, and 1.64 %, respectively. The average energy storage rate increases by 41.59 %. Furthermore, compared to the constant heat source, increasing the inlet flow rate and steady state heat source temperature has more significant effects on the thermal storage performance under cosine wave heat sources. The results can provide some reference for the optimization of phase change thermal storage systems under unsteady state conditions.

Dynamical Tests of a Deep Learning Weather Prediction Model

Abstract Global deep learning weather prediction models have recently been shown to produce forecasts that rival those from physics-based models run at operational centers. It is unclear whether these models have encoded atmospheric dynamics or simply pattern matching that produces the smallest forecast error. Answering this question is crucial to establishing the utility of these models as tools for basic science. Here, we subject one such model, Pangu-Weather, to a set of four classical dynamical experiments that do not resemble the model training data. Localized perturbations to the model output and the initial conditions are added to steady time-averaged conditions, to assess the propagation speed and structural evolution of signals away from the local source. Perturbing the model physics by adding a steady tropical heat source results in a classical Matsuno–Gill response near the heating and planetary waves that radiate into the extratropics. A localized disturbance on the winter-averaged North Pacific jet stream produces realistic extratropical cyclones and fronts, including the spontaneous emergence of polar lows. Perturbing the 500-hPa height field alone yields adjustment from a state of rest to one of wind–pressure balance over ∼6 h. Localized subtropical low pressure systems produce Atlantic hurricanes, provided the initial amplitude exceeds about 4 hPa, and setting the initial humidity to zero eliminates hurricane development. We conclude that the model encodes realistic physics in all experiments and suggest that it can be used as a tool for rapidly testing a wide range of hypotheses.

Mantis shrimp appendages-inspired Ag-CuO contact: Synergistically enhancing the erosion and impact resistance via gradient-layered scatter-island/chain-skeleton structure

Materials degradation induced by repeated arc erosion and impact poses a considerable challenge for Ag-based contacts. Fortunately, nature has evolved efficient strategies to construct complex gradient-layered structure that exhibit exceptional erosion and impact resistance. Drawing inspiration by the mantis shrimp appendages, a chain-like CuO nanofibre-reinforced Ag-CuO contact material with a gradient-layered scatter-island/chain-skeleton structure was designed and fabricated. Employing a combined experimental and simulation approach, the evolution of the microstructure during the erosion process was investigated. Results indicated that the interaction between the mantis shrimp appendage-like structure and the chain-like CuO nanofibres effectively suppressed the formation of cracks and pores on the contact surface. Particularly, the scatter-island layer not only played a crucial role in maintaining the viscosity of the molten pool and establishing stable electrical and thermal pathways, but also functioned as a “supplement” to continuously supply a steady source of Ag onto the molten pool surface, effectively promoting CuO skeleton restructuring. Meanwhile, the CuO skeleton diffusive-continuous restructuring of the chain-skeleton layer restricted molten pool flow, significantly enhancing contact erosion resistance. Furthermore, the strong synergistic effect between the gradient-layered structures dispersed stress and deformation concentration on the contact surface. It effectively delayed the defects formation and suppressed interfacial debonding, thereby endowing the contact with excellent impact resistance. Our work presents a fascinated route for designing novel biomimetic Ag-based contacts.

Unlocking success: The power of critical thinking in the group facilitation, coaching and team meetings

The absence of a unique and coordinated effort to adapt the promoting of the old philosophical principle to the present need of the people has inspired me to come up with a possible viable solution that I present for your further consideration. I propose two main ideas as the objectives of the paper that, later on, the reader can evaluate which is the best approach to maximize the usage of philosophical services and consulting for the general public. The first idea is to present the impact of mixt approaches between critical thinking and group coaching or group facilitating and the second idea is to target the companies as priority clients and their providers as secondary clients. I present three conflicts, five perspectives and two instruments that can be enhanced by elements of critical thinking in order to achieve the objectives above. What is the utility of philosophical skills in other fields and how should we promote philosophical practice so that philosophy can return to the people in the agora. What I propose is to focus on a bigger market - the profitable companies around us that could provide a big steady source of income - and to look at the other suppliers of services as therapy, coaching, training as partners and not as competitors. These suppliers could and should also become our paying clients and we should work with all of them and not compete against them for some individual residual clients. The practical applications from using philosophical skills in other fields are: controlling emotions using elements of critical thinking, facilitating or managing groups using philosophical counseling principles, increasing communication skills using elements of critical thinking skills, increasing coaching methods using elements of critical thinking skills and facilitating better meetings using elements of critical thinking. It doesn’t matter who was first - Philosophical Practice, critical thinking or coaching, mentoring, therapy or any other. We all know that philosophy was the root of all scientific branches that exist in our days. What really matters is whether all of these approaches can help each other grow and change people’s lives and the way they think about themselves and the world.

Power quality assessment and compliance of grid-connected PV systems in low voltage networks using microinverters

AbstractSolar PV has experienced unprecedented growth in the last decade, with the most significant additions being utility-scale solar PV. The role of grid inverters is very critical in feeding power from distributed sources into the grid. With the increasing growth of grid-tied solar PV systems (both rooftop and large-scale), the awareness of power quality issues has risen with new regulations and standards to ensure the stability of the power grid. The power quality of microinverters has been investigated under steady solar irradiation and PV power source and also under real outdoor conditions in compliance with the accepted solar PV integration requirements. The current total harmonic distortion (THD) measured for the studied microinverter under outdoor conditions far exceeded the current THD for the study under steady indoor conditions and was beyond the accepted standard. However, the voltage THD outputs for the two studied cases were in good agreement with the grid codes. The voltage and current THD for the 400 Wm−2 (60 Wp) and the 1000 Wm−2 (146 Wp) scenarios under the steady solar irradiation (solar PV power) were 2.24%, 13%, and 2.27, 6.93%, respectively. The voltage and current THDs for the outdoor study were 2.03% and 14.28% for Solarex (pc-Si module), 1.94%, and 27.43% for Juta (mc-Si modules), and 1.97% and 33.6% for Dunasolar (a-Si glass module). Results showed a strong correlation between the intermittence of solar radiation and the current THD. 67%, 54%, and 37% of the recorded power factor for Dunasolar, Juta, and Solarex modules, respectively, exceeded the limits prescribed by the standards.

Automated processing of well logging data to monitor the position of the gas-water contact in underground gas storage facilities

Natural oil and gas deposits in most fields include some fluid contacts, such as oil–water, gas–water, or gas–oil. Monitoring the position of the gas–water contact in underground gas storage (UGS) facilities is crucial for monitoring the safety of the subsurface environment. As UGS facilities are geological features of long-term operation, the condition of these features must be regularly monitored for possible gas leaks due to various reasons, whether geological or technical. Periodic surveys of production wells using geophysical methods make it possible to timely detect the reasons for abnormal technical conditions and higher-than-normal water cuts of reservoirs, and to assess shifts in gas–water contact. The suite of production logging methods for surveying and monitoring underground gas storage facilities includes nuclear logging with the use of steady radiation sources (i.e., gamma ray logging and neutron logging). Analysis and interpretation of these methods make it possible to track the shift over time of the gas–water contact in gas-saturated sandstones with an interparticle porosity of >15%. Data from nuclear logging, temperature logs, and composition-based and flow-based surveying are processed and interpreted with the use of known methods and diagnostic indicators to achieve the following goals: to determine the intervals of inter-reservoir and behind-the-casing fluid movement on the base of the well log, to assess the technical condition of the wellbore, to monitor the position of the gas–water contact in the reservoir, to assess the gas saturation of the reservoir, and to monitor the thickness and integrity of the clay caprocks of UGS facilities [1]. This paper discusses the results of automated processing and interpretation of well data recorded during the survey of an UGS facility to determine the current position of the gas–water contact in the reservoir and the gas–water interface in the well. Quantitative interpretation of the neutron logging data with the use of steady radiation sources was performed, and the current gas saturation factor was estimated. Keywords: gas–water contact (GWC); gas saturation; underground gas storage; processing algorithm; gas–water interface (GWI).

Effect of entropy waves on the thermoacoustic instability of choked outlet combustion chambers

Thermoacoustic instability is a major issue in aero-engine and gas turbine combustion chambers, especially for the case of lean premixed combustion. The instability is caused by the interaction of acoustic waves with unsteady heat release. As considering the accelerated entropy waves in the system, the entropy effect on the acoustic waves cannot be ignored, which will further modify the thermoacoustic instability. Recent researches have shown that the entropy waves can be generated by the steady heat sources or temperature gradients, which can exclude the interference of unsteady heat release factors in instability analysis. In this study, the effect of entropy waves on the thermoacoustic instability of the combustion chamber model with choked outlets is investigated by constructing a low-order acoustic network model. New modes introduced by entropy waves, called as the entropy acoustic modes (EA modes), are investigated by a steady heat source. Then the unsteady heat release is considered, and the effect of entropy waves on different modes and the coupling behavior of these modes are analyzed comprehensively. It is found that some modes are jointly affected by the flame, entropy waves as well as the acoustic waves, which are called as the entropy thermoacoustic modes (ETA modes). Moreover, the modal frequencies of the intrinsic thermoacoustic instabilities modes (ITA modes) are changed remarkably due to the introduction of entropy waves. In addition, the entropy wave dispersion and dissipation show a non-negligible effect on the thermoacoustic instability.

Assessing the Economic Impact of the Fishing Industry in Coastal Karnataka: A Case Analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this research study is to examine the role of the fishing industry in India's economic development, with a particular emphasis on the coastal region of Karnataka. The fishing industry is an important part of India's economy, providing both jobs and foreign exchange gains. Coastal Karnataka, noted for its diversified fisheries resources and fishing communities, is an excellent example of understanding the sector's dynamics, challenges, and possibilities for long-term growth. This study will take a multidisciplinary approach, combining economic, environmental, and social perspectives to examine the influence of the fishing industry on regional development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research methodology employed in this study is primarily based on the utilization of secondary data collected by CMFRI reports, MPEDA reports, case studies, articles in the fishing industry, and other government websites have been used. Findings: The coastal population depends heavily on the fishing business for a steady source of income. As this industry grows, it helps to reduce poverty and raise the standard of living in these neighbourhoods leading to economic development of the nation. Additionally, the industry has made significant strides in international markets, boosting India's reputation for high-quality seafood goods. With notable improvements in fish landings and economic value, the fishing industry is growing commercially. Originality/value: This study may be useful to the various stakeholders in like fishing industry/sectors, government, Fishing boat owners, fishing community, other users, society Paper type: Case study

The Role of Rural Credit in Agricultural Technology Adoption: The Case of Boro Rice Farming in Bangladesh

Rice agriculture provides millions of households with a steady source of income and employment. However, for small and marginal farmers, the exorbitant cost of production inputs presents a formidable obstacle in their pursuit of acquiring it. Credit constraints are a significant impediment to the adoption of agricultural technologies. Therefore, this paper identifies the determinant of access to rural credit and its impact on Boro rice production technology adoption in Bangladesh using cross-sectional data. The study employed probit regression, propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability weighting (IPW), and inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA) techniques. The findings indicate that age, family size, working members, and involvement in safety net programs negatively and significantly influence access to rural credit, while earning persons in the family, literacy, rice farming experience, remittance, and total income positively influence access to rural credit. The positive and significant ATT values suggested that access to rural credit has a positive and significant effect on technology adoption and the level of technology use. It was also found that access to rural credit has a heterogeneous effect. In particular, non-government organization (NGO) credit has a more significant impact on technology adoption than formal bank credit. Access to credit and the adoption of agricultural technologies can be greatly improved with the help of a location-specific rural credit policy and strong monitoring from the formal banking sector.

Study on the Relationship Between Economic Development, Environment and Real Estate in China

From the beginning of the reform and opening up, China's economy has experienced rapid growth. Real estate has always been a steady source of kinetic energy during this period, constantly supporting the economy's development. In the common belief of Chinese people, acquiring a house means the basic security of a stable life. At the same time, speculation fever has led people to consider the acquisition of equity as a wise investment option. The supply has not well matched the rising demand for real estate, and as a result, the environmental problems brought about by real estate in recent years have increased the pressure on life. At the same time, a series of problems, for example, the lack of circulation of resources during the epidemic, have aggravated the problems of the real estate industry, causing it to go downhill continuously. Therefore, this article will examine real estate development and its relationship with the environment.

Magnetohydrodynamic features and particle transport during thermal quench in HL-2A with density source

Diverse disruption mitigation strategies based on massive material injection have been developed in recent decades, aiming to uniformly deplete the thermal energy stored within plasmas during the thermal quench (TQ) while simultaneously elevating electron density to facilitate runaway electron suppression. Irrespective of the detailed dynamics of the material delivery scheme, deposition location and subsequent density mixing are pivotal in achieving highly efficient mitigation, however, which are markedly influenced by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) activities. In order to assess the influence of MHD-induced transport on disruption mitigation, a simulation of TQ triggered by pure deuterium (D) deposition is conducted using a three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear reduced MHD code, JOREK. Steady density sources (the deposition rate of 1024 D atoms per second is greater than in real experiments) are introduced at various locations to explore the dynamics. The findings distinctly reveal two types of TQ processes, contingent on locations of deposition (LoD) of the neutral D source. Evidently, the results underscore the effectiveness of proper density mixing and moderated MHD in disruption mitigation. Nonlinear mode coupling emerges as a significant factor in shaping the final outcomes of TQ. Specifically, the 5/2 mode contributes to edge collapse, whereas the 3/2 mode is instrumental in core collapse. Additionally, the investigation indicates that the rise in core density is contingent on LoD, exhibiting threshold behavior. This threshold is observed within the q = 2/1 surface of equilibria, and a rapid increase in core density is witnessed when the density source crosses this threshold. The outcomes point toward the important role of E × B convection due to the 1/1 mode evolution in the process.