Status Of People Research Articles

Drug therapies for reducing gastric acidity in people with cystic fibrosis.

Malabsorption of fat and protein contributes to poor nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis. Impaired pancreatic function may also result in increased gastric acidity, leading in turn to heartburn, peptic ulcers and the impairment of oral pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. The administration of gastric acid-reducing agents has been used as an adjunct to pancreatic enzyme therapy to improve absorption of fat and gastro-intestinal symptoms in people with cystic fibrosis. It is important to establish the evidence regarding potential benefits of drugs that reduce gastric acidity in people with cystic fibrosis. This is an update of a previously published review. To assess the effect of drug therapies for reducing gastric acidity for: nutritional status; symptoms associated with increased gastric acidity; fat absorption; lung function; quality of life and survival; and to determine if any adverse effects are associated with their use. We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic and non-electronic database searches, handsearches of relevant journals, abstract books and conference proceedings. Both authorsdouble checked the reference lists of the searches Most recent search of the Group's Trials Register: 26 April 2021. On the 26 April 2021 further searches were conducted on theclinicaltrials.gov registerto identify any ongoing trials that may be of relevance.The WHO ICTRP database was last searched in 2020 and is not currently available for searching due to the Covid-19 pandemic. All randomised and quasi-randomised trials involving agents that reduce gastric acidity compared to placebo or a comparator treatment. Both authors independently selected trials, assessed trial quality and extracted data. The searches identified 40 trials; 17 of these, with 273 participants, were suitable for inclusion, but the number of trials assessing each of the different agents was small. Seven trials were limited to children and four trials enrolled only adults. Meta-analysis was not performed, 14 trials were of a cross-over design and we did not have the appropriate information to conduct comprehensive meta-analyses. All the trials were run in single centres and duration ranged from five days to six months. The included trials were generally not reported adequately enough to allow judgements on risk of bias. However, one trial found that drug therapies that reduce gastric acidity improved gastro-intestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain; seven trials reported significant improvement in measures of fat malabsorption; and two trials reported no significant improvement in nutritional status. Only one trial reported measures of respiratory function and one trial reported an adverse effect with prostaglandin E2 analogue misoprostol. No trials have been identified assessing the effectiveness of these agents in improving quality of life, the complications of increased gastric acidity, or survival. Trials have shown limited evidence that agents that reduce gastric acidity are associated with improvement in gastro-intestinal symptoms and fat absorption. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to indicate whether there is an improvement in nutritional status, lung function, quality of life, or survival. Furthermore, due to the unclear risks of bias in the included trials, we are unable to make firm conclusions based on the evidence reported therein. We therefore recommend that large, multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate these interventions.

Routine Medical Check-Up and Self-Treatment Practices among Community-Dwelling Living in a Mountainous Area of Northern Vietnam.

This study was conducted to evaluate the routine medical check-up and self-treatment behaviors of people living in a remote and mountainous setting in Northern Vietnam and identify their associations. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 175 people in August 2018 in Cao Son commune, Da Bac district, Hoa Binh. Information regarding routine medical check-ups and self-treatment behaviors was collected by using a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the associations. Results show that 24% of the mountainous people had routine medical check-ups in the last 12 months. The rate of self-treatment in the past three months was 33.7%. The number of chronic diseases (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0‐2.3), health information sources from radio/television (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.2‐9.5), or social media (OR = 24.8, 95% CI = 1.2‐512.4) was related to routine medical check-up. People who did not have routine medical check-up were more likely to have self-treatment practice (OR = 6.3, 95% CI = 1.9‐21.1) than those who had a regular health check. Promoting health education and communication through mass media to raise people's awareness about regular health check-ups is a promising way to improve people's self-treatment status.

Significance of changes in general clinical analysis of blood and thyroid status in people with neoplasm of the thyroid gland

Background. One of the major challenges of modern medicine is prevention and early detection of diseases, especially malignant tumors, since the stage does influence the prognosis and treatment costs. Thyroid involvement is currently one of the leading endocrine disorders in terms of overall morbidity and prevalence in the world. Thyroid cancer is one of the localizations, which being timely detected and properly treated, has a favorable prognosis, when 20–30-year survival rate exceeds 90 %. Therefore, the search for simple, minimally invasive, but highly informative techniques for optimizing the algorithms for diagnosis, differential diagnosis and monitoring of this disease remains a priority.
 Purpose – to determine and substantiate the diagnostic value of comprehensive assessment of the thyroid status and full blood count values in patients with thyroid nodules.
 Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients with thyroid nodules, which according to ultrasonography (US) of the thyroid were classified as TR-4 category of thyroid nodules, TIRADS scale (4–6 points, suspected malignant thyroid changes). The examination included the following: questionnaire, ultrasound examination with fine-needle aspiration puncture biopsy, cytological examination, counting the thyroid hormone concentration, full blood count. The study was carried out at the premises of State Institution “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine”.
 Results. Assessment of thyroid status of patients with thyroid nodules showed a significant correlation between the severity of thyroid malignancy and TSH levels (according to Kruskal – Wallis test, H = 7.30, p < 0.05), FT4 (H = 17.64, p < 0.001) and FT3 (H = 12.41, p < 0.01). Patients of Group I with benign thyroid process showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total hemoglobin along with significantly frequent (p < 0.05) microcytic anemia. According to the studies, Group II had a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in total platelet count and plateletcrit, as well as an increased average platelet volume and the percentage of large platelets compared to Group I. The blood values in malignant thyroid process (Group III) are characterized by increased levels of leukocytes and the proportion of eosinophils and basophils in the leukocyte formula compared to Group II (p < 0.05).
 Conclusions. The outcomes of comprehensive assessment of thyroid status and full blood count values in patients with thyroid nodules can be used in preoperative diagnosis as a differential prognostic tool to assess their malignant potential.

EVALUASI PROGRAM DESAKU MENANTI DALAM PENANGGULANGAN GELANDANGAN DAN PENGEMIS DI KOTA PADANG

This study aims to analyze the evaluation of the Desaku Menanti Program in dealing with homeless people and beggars in the city of Padang. The basis for the implementation of the my village program is regulated in the Padang City Regional Regulation Number 1 of 2012 concerning Development of Street Children, Homeless People, Beggars, Singers and Street Vendors. The objectives of the village waiting program are 1) Improving people's ability to carry out their social functions properly in society. 2) Improve the ability of people and the social environment to solve social problems. 3) Improving people's social status and roles so that they can adapt to their environment. This program is an innovation of the programs for handling the homeless, beggars and street children that have been carried out, namely by focusing all services in the areas of origin of homeless people and beggars (village based). This research is a qualitative research using descriptive method. The research informants were determined by purposive sampling. Data collection techniques are carried out by conducting interviews, observations, and documentation studies and data reduction is carried out so that accurate conclusions can be drawn from the data that has been obtained. The results showed that the impact of the implementation of the Desaku Menanti program in dealing with homeless people and beggars in the city of Padang was not optimal. This is because the objectives of the Desaku Menanti program have not been achieved.

The Invisible Boundaries in the City

1. Perhaps physical frontiers are less important since somehow the world has become a global entity, in which information passes through the physical walls.
 Many of them have been destroyed (Berlin) and some others such as that of Cyprus resist, but they are certainly less effective than in the past. The major concern of the future is the identification of invisible borders within the cities.
 It is difficult to identify exclusion, and marginalization is hiding within the cities, even in the weal- thiest ones.The spaces of the cities have invisible borders, but they are not easy to cross.
 2. An MIT study (Xu Y, Belyi A, Santi P, Ratti C. 2019) highlights these problems after processing data on human movements, social networks connections and the socio-economic status of people, the document proposes two indices to measure segregation in Singapore.
 The index segregation of communication measures the relationship between people within each so- cial network, considering the frequency of communication and the socio-economic attributes of each person. The physical segregation index indicates the social exposure which people have towards each other belonging to similar and different socio-economic groups as they move more and more around the city.
 3. The MIT study shows how it is possible, through the management of big data, to be able to bring out invisible marginalization situations which can not be seen in other ways.
 4. The “documedial process” (Ferraris, Paini, 2018) in which the digital breakthrough has transformed the city, allows not only to bring out areas of border and exclusion but lays the foundations for an analysis of reality capable of highlighting cultural isolation.

Prevalence and Incidence of Obesity, Overweight & Abdominal Obesity in Adults: A 5-year Longitudinal Study in Ahvaz (2009-2014)

Objective: The data on the changes in the prevalence of obesity and overweight could help policy makers to make better plans for improving the health status of people; hence, the aim of his study is to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in Ahvaz during five years. Materials and Methods: Cohort study was the method of choice in this survey, conducted on 605 people aged over 20 years who were selected among the people covered by health centers in Ahvaz. The participants weight, height, and waist circumferences were measured two times in 2009 and 2014. The incidence and prevalence of obesity, abdominal obesity and overweight were evaluated. The SPSS 22 statistical software was used to analyze the data, and paired T-test to compare the level of changes. The significant level for P-value < 0.05. Results: Among 605 people aged over 20 years, the prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in 2009 and 2014 were respectively: overweight (40% and 38.50%), obesity (26.90% and 27.10%), and abdominal obesity (26.80% and 33. 90%).This prevalence increased from 11.70% to 14.90% in men and from 39.90% to 50.50% in women. The incidence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity were respectively 102.50, 22.50 and 76.5 per 1000 person’s year in Ahvaz people. Conclusion: The findings of our study showed that the prevalence of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity in adult population in Ahvaz is high. Also, the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in women is higher than men; therefore special attention must be paid to this issue in women. Also the age groups 35-64 years are higher risk.

Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated With Barriers to Activity and Worse Health Status: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care.

IntroductionMany individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) experience “psychological insulin resistance”. Consequently, it could be expected that insulin therapy may have negative effects on psychological outcomes and well-being. Therefore, this study compared health status and psychosocial functioning of individuals with T2DM using only oral antihyperglycemic agents (OHA) and on insulin therapy (with or without OHA).Materials and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we used baseline data of a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 55 Dutch general practices in 2005. Health status was measured with the Short Form (SF)-36 (scale 0–100) and psychosocial functioning with the Diabetes Health Profile (DHP, scale 0-100). To handle missing data, we performed multiple imputation. We used linear mixed models with random intercepts per general practice to correct for clustering at practice level and to control for confounding.ResultsIn total, 2,794 participants were included in the analysis, their mean age was 65.8 years and 50.8% were women. Insulin-users (n = 212) had a longer duration of T2DM (11.0 versus 5.6 years) and more complications. After correcting for confounders and multiple comparisons, insulin-users reported significantly worse outcomes on vitality (SF-36, adjusted difference -5.7, p=0.033), general health (SF-36, adjusted difference -4.8, p=0.043), barriers to activity (DHP, adjusted difference -7.2, p<0.001), and psychological distress (DHP, adjusted difference -3.7, p=0.004), all on a 0-100 scale.DiscussionWhile previous studies showed similar or better health status in people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin therapy, we found that vitality, general health and barriers to activity were worse in those on insulin therapy. Although the causality of this association cannot be established, our findings add to the discussion on the effects of insulin treatment on patient-reported outcomes in daily practice.

Binarity of the role of higher inclusive education in development of socio-professional subjectivity

The subject of this research is the process of formation of socio-professional subjectivity of persons with socio-functional dissimilarities, among whom are people with impairments, pensioners, military, prisoners, and released from prison. The object of this research is the higher inclusive education viewed through prism of modernization of the system of higher education, being a crucial organizational-substantive and goal-directed aspect, within which inclusive education plays not only an educational-enlightening role such as formation of professional competencies, but also in the specifically arranged inclusive field ensures formation and development of their socio-professional subjectivity, changing their assertions, needs, and motives from personal-passive to socially significant. The conclusion is made that socio-psychological adaptation and increase of the role and status of people with socio-functional dissimilarities implies socio-professional development of subjectivity as a certain system organization of consciousness, human psyche that includes cognitive, emotional-willed, and activity components inherent to a person as a subject of activity. The author underlines the need for functional model that would be aimed at solution of personal issues, as well as increase of the professional role and social status. This approach suggests binary role of inclusive professionalization.

NOGIRONLIGI BO‘LGAN SHAXSLARNING HUQUQIY HOLATI VA ULARNING ZAMONAVIY JAHON HAMJAMIYATIDA IJTIMOIY MOSLASHUVI

The article focuses on the legal status of people with disabilities and their causes. We know that when people with disabilities are officially registered, their legal status is determined. This legal status, given to them, on the one hand, provides a number of benefits, on the other hand, reduces their participation in society in real life. In relation to the integration of people with disabilities into a healthy society, their employment relationships, social and medical rehabilitation play an important role. In short, the issue of employment of people with disabilities has become the main topic of the article

Managing malnutrition in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic

The prevalence of risk factors for malnutrition has increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. These risk factors include various symptoms and effects of COVID-19, such as breathlessness, coughing, inflammation, sarcopenia, anorexia and loss of taste or smell, as well as the side effects of treatment. In addition, public health infection prevention and control measures can inadvertently reduce access to food and increase social isolation, thus adversely affecting people's nutritional status. This article outlines practical interventions for preventing and managing malnutrition in the community, particularly where it is exacerbated by the social restrictions in place to contain the COVID-19 pandemic.

Vietnamese Youth Embraces English for Communication: A Case Study in Phu Quoc Island

Rapid changes on the way people travel the world have impacted countries around the globe. In South East Asia for example, with the rapid expansion of visit-a-country campaign exercises, it had affected the lives of people in many different ways. Tourism industry, for example, flourishes in manifolds. It indirectly changes the socioeconomic status of people of various echelons. Vietnam is no exception. The ease of communication has been identified as one of the key factors that attract tourists to places of choice. The issue is now whether Vietnamese, especially their youths are entirely ready to embrace this new wave of transformation. Therefore, the right moves have to be identified so that the number of tourists will multiple in the thousands if not millions. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to explore Vietnamese youths’ acceptance to learning the English language for communication, especially those encircling tourists’ spots with the right forms of communication to welcome the inflow of visitors around their communities. A qualitative design was used in this investigation employing semi-structured interviews, observations, and series of workshop sessions. The findings revealed that without proper curriculum instructions in school, although with passion and motivation, the youth will not be equipped as much as expected. Suggestions for future direction of this investigation are outlined.

The Innovative Reform of Public English Teaching in Higher Vocational Education Based on Computer Information Technology

We will find a phenomenon that many parents in China are very concerned about their children’s public English performance. Although both mathematics and Chinese are major subjects, English has a very high status in people’s hearts. On the whole, this phenomenon is caused by the trend that our country is moving towards internationalization. English has become a necessary subject for every student. Even many parents think that the importance of English should be higher than that of Chinese. Although this argument is one-sided, it also reflects the importance of parents on English. In view of today’s educational forms, the situation where computers are used in classroom teaching is very extensive. How to use computer technology to innovate in public English teaching has become a concern of every higher vocational college. I believe its reform and innovation will write a new chapter in China’s English education.

Effect of the protein diet over the immune system responses given during COVID-19

It has long been known that insufficient intake of quality dietary protein or amino acids impairs immune function and increases susceptibility to infectious diseases Nutritional status in people infected with SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial factor for optimal prognosis and can determine the clinical severity of COVID-19. Insufficient energy and protein intake to reduce weight gain due to inactivity during the pandemic is a common mistake people make. Insufficient intakes of energy, protein and specific micronutrients; It is associated with suppressed immune function and increased susceptibility to infection. The morbidity and mortality of the disease is higher, especially in low immune function people. It is known that increasing protein intake is a priority in order to reduce catabolism due to inflammatory mediators Eating healthy before, during and after the illness is the main key to the immune system and health. Patients who can eat during illness should be advised to consume sufficient and high quality protein despite the loss of their sense of taste. In order to prevent muscle loss and strengthen respiratory muscles, 1.5 g / kg / day protein and branched chain amino acid would be a good decision for this pandemic periods.

Quantification of Node Significance Based on Overall Connectivity and Relative Position

In multi-hop wireless networks, such as wireless sensor networks, some nodes are more important than others due to their physical and topological significance, their degree of connectivity, communication load, or simply physical placement. Expressing their significance in a measurable way can be useful for communication protocols to assign particular roles to them. In this paper we propose a model for measuring node significance. The model modifies and extends Katz’s Status Index which was first proposed to rank the status of people in a social network. In its original form, the Status Index is inadequate for our purpose, as it fails to take some of the key features of wireless sensor networks into consideration. Our modification addresses its limitations and puts the significance of each node in its proper context.

Effects of healthcare access and financial status on self-rated health among adults living alone in South Korea

ABSTRACT Assessments of the overall health status of people living alone are important for developing health promotion programs and delivering appropriate health services. In the context of universal social health insurance system of South Korea, the relationship between failure to access health-care and self-rated health among adults living alone has given little attention. In addition, the influence of objective financial status on self-rated health in adults living alone has not explored so far. The sample of the present study comprised 4,852 adults who participated in the cross-sectional 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main finding was that the unmet health-care needs resulting from the inability to access health-care services during the previous 12 months was independently associated with fair or poor self-rated health, especially for women living alone. Having an income below the subsistence level was significantly associated with fair or poor self-rated health among women living alone. The findings of this study demonstrate the need for policies enabling appropriate delivery of health-care services, especially for women living alone. It is necessary to provide community-based monitoring programs related to general health for women living alone with a household income below the minimum cost-of-living.

Evaluation of a training program for life skills education and financial literacy to community health workers in India: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundAccredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) are community health workers responsible for improving the health status of people by facilitating their access to healthcare services. The life skills of ASHA are known to be effective in negotiating behaviour change in the community; however, there has been a meagre focus towards improving them. Considering this gap, we adopted a comprehensive training program, known as Personal Advancement and Career Enhancement (P.A.C.E.), to empower ASHAs on life skills and financial literacy. The present study intends to assess the training program in two districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, by examining changes in knowledge, perceptions, and practices of ASHAs about life skills and financial literacy.MethodsWe conducted a quasi-experimental, non-randomized, controlled study with pre-and post-test assessments. Data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practices related to life skills (communication skills, self-confidence, problem–solving and decision-making skills, time and stress management skills) and financial literacy. Additionally, change perceptions on gender-, life skills-, and savings-related practices at the personal, community, and workplace levels were assessed in the intervention group. Factor analysis was performed to obtain the change patterns by assessing the degree to which the four life skills, financial literacy, and change perceptions on practices were correlated. A general linear regression model was performed to assess associations among change pattern scores and socio-demographic variables.ResultsWe analyzed the data of 171 ASHAs (intervention group:86 and control group:85). There was a significant improvement in the average post-test scores of all the life skills and financial literacy in the intervention group (p < 0.001). Three distinct change patterns were found post-training in the intervention group. Factor 1 (high loadings for change perceptions on practices) was positively associated with ASHAs aged 38 and above and with experience of ≤12 years. On the contrary, the change in financial literacy and self-confidence scores was common among ASHAs with more than 12 years of experience.ConclusionsThe P.A.C.E training program was found effective in improving the life skills and financial literacy of ASHAs in India.

The association between migrant status and transition in an ultra-high risk for psychosis population.

Migrant status is one of the most replicated and robust risk factors for developing a psychotic disorder. This study aimed to determine whether migrant status in people identified as Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis (UHR) was associated with risk of transitioning to a full-threshold psychotic disorder. Hazard ratios for the risk of transition were calculated from five large UHR cohorts (n = 2166) and were used to conduct a meta-analysis using the generic inverse-variance method using a random-effects model. 2166 UHR young people, with a mean age of 19.1years (SD ± 4.5) were included, of whom 221 (10.7%) were first-generation migrants. A total of 357 young people transitioned to psychosis over a median follow-up time of 417days (I.Q.R.147-756days), representing 17.0% of the cohort. The risk of transition to a full-threshold disorder was not increased for first-generation migrants, (HR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.62-1.89); however, there was a high level of heterogeneity between studies The hazard ratio for second-generation migrants to transition to a full-threshold psychotic disorder compared to the remainder of the native-born population was 1.03 (95% CI 0.70-1.51). This meta-analysis did not find a statistically significant association between migrant status and an increased risk for transition to a full-threshold psychotic disorder; however, several methodological issues could explain this finding. Further research should focus on examining the risk of specific migrant groups and also ensuring that migrant populations are adequately represented within UHR clinics.

Exploring gender, health, and intersectionality in informal settlements in Freetown

ABSTRACT This paper applies an intersectional lens to health in informal urban settlements in Freetown, Sierra Leone. We explored how intersecting social characteristics including gender, age, wealth, occupation, and tenant status influence health and well-being outcomes. We found that hazardous environmental conditions, poor waste disposal, and waste burning contribute to health problems at a neighbourhood level. Health-care access was also generally poor in informal settlements. However, beyond this, there were differences in people's experiences of coping with health burdens and accessing care. Against a backdrop of limited state support, coping and access strategies were found to be heavily mediated by people's social positions and status, especially their ability to draw on support from social networks. There are particular challenges around the management of prolonged health problems. For population groups such as the old and the chronically ill, this creates further vulnerabilities including social isolation, stigma, and cycles of poverty. Although intersecting power dynamics apply to men too, women are particularly disadvantaged by coalescing social inequalities: they are both expected to perform caring roles but are less likely to be cared for. Young and old women were especially vulnerable and reliant on external support or self-sacrifice. This paper contributes to knowledge gaps in intersectional dynamics in urban settings and provides evidence that suggests policy shifts are needed to address the multiple social and health inequalities faced by women in informal settlements in Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Risk of Falls in Patients Aged Over 65 in the Context of the Treatment Facility.

This study assessed the risk of falls, the incidence of frailty, cognition, and nutritional status in people aged over 65 in the context of the treatment facility. To this end, we compared a group of 99 non-hospitalized patients treated in primary healthcare facilities with a group of 100 patients hospitalized in a geriatric ward. It was a survey-type study based on the following questionnaires: Mini-Mental State Examination, Tilburg Frailty Indicator, Mini Nutritional Assessment, and the Tinetti Balance and Gait Assessment. We found significant differences between non-hospitalized and hospitalized patients to the advantage of the former. A risk of falls was 56.6% vs. 85% (p<0.001), the incidence of frailty was 51% vs. 71% (p=0.005), and cognitive decline was 35% vs. 61% (p=0.120), respectively. Additionally, nutritional detriment also was less expressed in outpatients. A distinctly worse overall health performance, with increased risk of falls, was confirmed in multifactorial regression analysis in hospitalized patients. We conclude that geriatric hospital setting is an independent risk factor aggravating the risk of falls, frailty, and cognitive weakness in senior persons.

Environmental factors, demographics, and nutritional status in People with Subclinical Leprosy in Brebes

Environmental factors, demographics, and nutritional status in People with Subclinical Leprosy in Brebes