Status Of Managers Research Articles

A Study on the Reliability and Validity of the Social Media Leadership Scale in Education Organizations Sample

Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to develop a Likert-type scale that can measure the status of managers and employees working in organizations in the context of social media leadership in a sample of educational organizations. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted on teachers working in schools affiliated with the Ministry of National Education during the 2022–2023 academic year. Expert opinions were sought to ensure the construct validity of the scale. The content validity rates of the items were determined, and the content validity index of the scale was calculated as 0.88. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted to test the validity of the scale. KMO and Bartlett tests were used to determine the suitability of the obtained data for factor analysis. The EFA revealed that the scale had a 5-factor structure, which was then confirmed by the CFA. The CFA results were supported by acceptable and excellent fit values. The conformity and validity of the scale and the correlation between the factors were calculated. The internal consistency reliability coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the scale. After the aforementioned procedures, the Social Media Leadership Scale (SMLLS) was developed. The SMLLS consists of 24 items with 5 factors: guidance, innovation, ethical principles, sensitivity, and awareness. The lowest score on the scale is 24, and the highest score is 120. Findings: The SMLS is a measurement tool developed to determine the leadership levels of social media users. The findings regarding the validity and reliability of the scale indicate that it has sufficient psychometric properties to determine the leadership levels of social media users. Highlights: This scale can be used to assess the current status of teachers and administrators working at various levels within educational institutions in the context of social media leadership.

Multivariate analysis of psychological health among hospital infection prevention and control practitioners in Tianjin

Objective: To understand the occupational stress and mental health status of hospital infection prevention and control practitioner (HIPCPs) in medical institutions, and analyze their main influencing factors. Methods: In November 2021, 550 nosocomial infection managers in Tianjin were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey using the Concise Occupational Stress Questionnaire, Depression Screening Scale (PHQ-9) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). 497 valid questionnaires were obtained, and the total recovery efficiency was 90.36%. Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression method were used to analyze the main influencing factors of occupational stress and mental health status of psychiatric managers. Results: The detection rate of anxiety and depression among 497 HIPCPs was 22.73% (113/497) and 58.95% (293/497), respectively. Gender and major were the influencing factors of depression (P=0.000, 0.001). Average working hours>52 hours per week and night shift days>1 days per week were the influencing factors of anxiety (P=0.035, 0.014). Average working hours>52 h per week, night shift days >1 d per week and different majors were the influencing factors of occupational stress (P=0.000, 0.025, 0.010). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that the risk of anxiety in those who worked more than 52 hours per week was 1.753 times that of those who worked less than 52 hours per week (P=0.038), and the risk of depression in women was 3.071 times that of men (P=0.006) . Conclusion: Working hours are an important influencing factor for occupational stress and anxiety among HIPCPs. In order to reduce the occurrence of occupational stress and mental health problems, it is necessary to strengthen psychological counseling for HIPCPs and balance work and rest.

ПРАВОВОЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЕ АРБИТРАЖНОГО УПРАВЛЯЮЩЕГО В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ: СООТНОШЕНИЕ ПУБЛИЧНЫХ И ЧАСТНЫХ НАЧАЛ

The current legislation establishing the legal status of arbitration managers is analyzed. Problems of the relationship between public and private principles in the activities of this subject of professional activity are studied. Proposals for improving legislation in the field of insolvency (bankruptcy) are outlined.

Restorative supply chain practices in a circular economy and supply chain sustainability performance: the moderating effect of the perceived professional status of supply chain managers

PurposeThe objective of this study is to investigate the impact of restorative supply chain practices on sustainability performance in a circular economy (CE). The moderating effect of supply chain managers' perceived professional status on restorative supply chain practices and stakeholder collaboration is also examined.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical model was developed via the practice-based view, and the model was tested using a sample comprising 142 respondents. WarpPLS 8.0 software was utilized to run the structural equation model.FindingsThe analysis shows that restorative supply chain practices result in an intermediate outcome (i.e. stakeholder collaboration), which ultimately improves the sustainability performance of the restorative supply chain. Interestingly, the perceived professional status of supply chain managers acts as a moderate-level mediator in the relationship between restorative supply chain practices in a CE and the sustainability performance of the restorative supply chain in a CE.Practical implicationsCollaboration with stakeholders fosters enhanced communication, cooperation and shared responsibility, thereby creating a socially inclusive and cooperative environment within the restorative supply chain. Improving supply chain sustainability performance supports broader environmental goals, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste and conserving natural resources. Recognizing the perceived professional status of supply chain managers underscores the need to empower them and acknowledge their strategic role in driving sustainability within the organization. Companies can contribute to a more sustainable business environment by adopting restorative practices in the supply chain and addressing the social impacts.Originality/valueThe unique contribution of the findings of this study lies in the examination of the relationship between restorative supply chain practices, stakeholder collaboration, perceived status of supply chain managers and sustainability performance in the context of the CE. The findings imply that restorative supply chain practices positively impact stakeholder collaboration, which in turn improves supply chain sustainability performance. In addition, the study highlights the moderating role of the perceived status of supply chain managers and underscores their influence on strengthening restorative practices and stakeholder collaboration. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics and mechanisms driving sustainability performance in the context of restorative supply chains operating within a CE.

Legal status of the head of the health care institution

The article examines the administrative and legal status of the head of a health care institution. The content of the concept and theoretical provisions of legal status are analyzed, its types are defined.
 It was determined that the legal status of the head of a health care facility can be considered a special legal status, which, on the one hand, means that all heads of health care facilities have this status, and not a specific one. And on the other hand, this means that the special legal status is regulated by the norms of various branches of law, and not just one. However, differences in the legal status of managers of state and communal health care institutions and managers of private institutions lead to the conclusion that their legal status is characterized only by individual features.
 It has been established that the main special acts that determine the legal status of the head of a health care institution include the Fundamentals of Ukrainian legislation on health care, the Resolution of the CMU on approving the Procedure for concluding a contract with the head of a state, communal health care institution and standard contract forms with the head of the state, communal health care institution, as well as the Directory of the qualification characteristics of employees' professions.
 It was concluded that the rights and responsibilities of the head of a state and communal health care institution are characterized by similarity to the powers of an administrative body. The right of managers of such institutions is not exercised in the same way as the right of an individual is exercised, namely, on the basis of freedom of free choice, but on the performance of tasks and functions of the manager. That is, there is less variability in the choice of behavior. With regard to private health care institutions, the absence of a standard contract approved by a government act leads to greater variability in determining both the rights and duties of the manager, as well as the institution's management structure itself.

Luxury Goods as a Determinant of the Status of Top Managers – Perspective of the Young Generation with a High Power Distance

The future of business and its further development rests in the hands of the young generation, the people who will soon perform various roles in companies that are part of the business. The article presents the results of the study with the following three objectives: to explain young people's distance to the power exercised by the Chief Executive Officer (CEO); to discover the young generation’s views on the CEO displaying their high status (high position) in the company in terms of power distance; to check whether there is any correlation between the belief in the CEO exceptionality and the acceptance of luxurious determinants of the CEO status.
 The study, aimed at clarifying the above issues, was carried out on a group of 773 participants. According to the survey, 16.7% of survey respondents recognized the CEO as an exceptional person, 41.9% would feel intimidated when dealing with them, and 49.1% would obey the CEO and follow their instructions without questioning. People with such attitudes and views are characterized by a medium and large distance from the CEO power. The survey revealed that, among the younger generation, there are more opposing opinions than accepting the CEO displaying their status using luxury goods. The authors showed that there is no link between recognizing the CEO as a special person who deserves being admired and imitated (high power distance), and the belief that the CEO should demonstrate their high status using luxury goods.

DECISION-MAKING AND THE CONCEPTS OF TRADITIONALISM IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF JAPAN: PHILOSOPHICAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS

The article deals with various aspects of decision-making in public administration in Japan. State bodies at all levels of government make decisions of both strategic and operational nature. The Japanese model of public administration in Japan differs significantly from public administration systems in other countries. National specificity predetermined the emergence of original forms and methods of public administration, characterized by a low degree of formalization, flexibility and a predominant focus on people rather than organizational structures. In addition, the formal uncertainty of management procedures, a kind of traditional culture leads to the amorphousness and complexity of the organizational mechanism, the fuzzy legal status of managers and managed, making the management process closer to art than to science.

Research on Managers' Perception of Digital Transformation in Small and Medium Enterprises

Digital transformation (DT) is the direction of many economies, organizations and businesses. Research on DT attracts great interest in academia. The article was carried out by the need to encourage a deeper understanding of DT in the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) through analyzing the current status of managers' perception of DT in SMEs in Vietnam. The author begins by reflecting on the theoretical issues of DT such as the concept and role of DT and explains in detail the challenges of DT for SMEs. Next, the research method is presented to describe the research process when making the article. The research results are the important content of the paper presented in the next section with three main topics: the nature of DT, the role of DT and challenges of DT to SMEs. According to research results, managers' perception of revenue still has some inadequacies, such as few managers realizing that revenue is about improving the business's operating processes instead of changing the way of selling and interacting. with customers,...; DT's role is not only gain new knowledge about customers, increase customer satisfaction, expand market opportunities, improve product development processes,… but also to improve business efficiency and increase labor productivity. However, the research results also show a good sign that managers think that the challenge to DT is not too great, completely controllable. Finally, the paper proposes a series of factors that need taking into consideration in order to move towards the digitization of SMEs. By focusing on analyzing key elements of managers' perception of the DT process in SMEs, the article has made a number of academic contributions.

Retracted: Investigation on Psychological Status and Job Burnout of Managers in Petroleum Enterprises.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4798220.].

Gender gaps in the collection and marketing of an underutilized plant species – Baobab in Malawi

Gender equality is viewed as both a means and an end in the achievement of development outcomes. Often, women derive their livelihoods from the collection and marketing of non-timber forest products, but very little is known about gender gaps in these chains. This paper assesses the magnitude and correlates of gender gaps in the collection and marketing of baobab, an underutilized plant species in Malawi, using a primary dataset from 864 baobab collectors. Exogenous switching treatment effect regression and multiple linear regression models were applied in the empirical analysis. We also disaggregate our analysis by the marital status of female baobab managers. Our results show gender gaps in the collection and marketing of baobab are attributable to observed and unobserved characteristics. Female baobab managers' and unmarried female managers' levels of baobab collected and marketed would be higher if they had the same level of observed characteristics as male baobab managers and married female managers, respectively. However, even if that were the case, results still indicate persistent gaps due to unobservable factors. Regression results show that household size, education level, and wealth index negatively correlate with the gender gap.

Capacity Strengths of Asian Women in Management Positions

The objective of this study was to examine the current state of women's capability strengths in management positions in Asian nations. The study is grounded in Resource Based Value theory (RBV) of firms and is empirically based on proficiency rating data from females and males working in Asian countries. Variance analysis was used to analyze the sample in terms of differences and linear multiple regression analysis was employed to uncover the influence of competence proficiency ratings of females in managerial positions in different countries and among different management levels to sales performance. Results of the statistical analysis of the data yielded evidence that differences in managerial capabilities between genders exist that are particularly striking at various management levels within the firm. The two male strengths, strategic orientation and change management, have a significant impact on performance relative to hire date, from which it is possible to approximate the age of the manager suggesting that the capability to generate sales volume increases with age. These findings highlight the current competency status of Asian managers and the need to develop female potential in the quest to create a more gender equal society enabling both women and men to reach full potential.

Differences in the Physical Workload of Technicians and Managers in the Maintenance and Repair Division

Introduction: PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero) is a state-owned company in the shipping industry. For running the production cycle, PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero) has several divisions. One of them is the Maintenance and Repair Division. This division involves workers with positions as technicians and managers who have different tasks and functions. These differences will result in unequal physical workloads. The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in the physical workload of technicians and managers of the Maintenance and Repair Division of PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero). Methods: This study used an analytic observational method with a cross sectional design. The independent variable used in this research was the position of workers consisting of managers and technician staff. Meanwhile, the dependent variable was a physical workload. The research respondents were 24 technicians and 6 managers. Data were obtained through questionnaires and calorimeters to measure calorie needs. Results: The technicians were aged 20 - 33 years old (62.5%), and the managers were aged 48 - 61 years (83.3%). Technicians' nutritional status was categorized as normal, as many as 21 people and the nutritional status of managers was overweight, as many as 4 people. The physical workload of technicians was in the medium category, as many as 22 people and 5 managers had a moderate physical workload. Conclusion: There was no difference in the physical workload of technicians and managers of the Maintenance and Repair Division. This is because PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero) has implemented cooperation in job completion.

Job satisfaction of arbitration managers

The relevance of the study is determined by the expansion of theoretical findings in the field of sociology of work, in particular, in the study of job satisfaction of arbitration managers under the State Duma’s consideration of the draft law No. 1172553-7 “On Amendments to the Federal Law ‘On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)’ and Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation”. To assess the level of job satisfaction of arbitration managers, the authors conducted an analysis of the features of their professional activities with an expert survey - to reveal their opinions on the state of the institution of insolvency (bankruptcy), its upcoming reform, and the level of their job satisfaction. Unlike most studies in this field, in which the emphasis is made on the social-legal status of arbitration managers, the authors consider the main social-psychological criteria for their job satisfaction, including remuneration, additional benefits and working conditions in the field of insolvency. The information base of the study includes a secondary analysis of the statistics of insolvency procedures in 2016-2020 and an expert survey (25 active arbitration managers with more than three years of experience were interviewed). The authors conclude that arbitration managers have a low level of job satisfaction, which is explained, first of all, by the extremely high workload and responsibility (including the risk of disqualification for three years for committing formal offenses that do not pose a danger to public relations and do not lead to violations of the rights of creditors, the debtor and society), conflict of procedures, lack of sociallabor guarantees, the variability of legislation, and several ‘control centers’ with opposing interests. These factors reduce interest in the profession of arbitration manager, which may lead to a crisis in the insolvency industry due to a shortage of highly qualified specialists.

Problems and prospects of legal regulation of the activities of the arbitration manager in the framework of bankruptcy procedures

The subject of research of this article is the norms of substantive and procedural law governing the activities of the arbitration manager in the framework of bankruptcy procedures, as well as law enforcement practice for the organization of such activities. The object of the research is the legal relations arising in the bankruptcy proceedings in order to improve the debtor's financial health, achieve a balance of interests of all participants by endowing the arbitration manager with a special professional competence established by the bankruptcy legislation. The author reveals the contradictions that arise between theoretically fixed normative provisions and their practical implementation. The features and problems in the activities of the arbitration manager associated with the lack of legal regulation of the fundamental aspects of the activities of such a professional entity are identified. To conduct the research, the author used a methodology that includes an analytical review of regulatory legal and scientific literature on the subject of research, generalization of data, and the formation of proposals to resolve the identified problems. The main conclusions of this study concerned the importance of the institute of arbitration management, the legal status of the arbitration manager, the criteria of his interest in the legal relations under consideration for a balanced assessment of existing legislation, its problems and prospects for development in order to overcome the legal vacuum in the area under study. The result of the work is the original author's suggestions and recommendations. In particular, the definition of arbitration management is formulated; it is proposed at the legislative level to adopt a single Federal Law on the legal status and activities of arbitration managers, to create a state system of professional training of arbitration managers.

Effect of Heat Stress, Dietary Electrolytes, and Vitamins E and C on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemistry of the Broiler Chicken

Environmental heat stress creates a detriment to the welfare and performance in broiler chickens. While there are some dietary mineral and vitamin supplements that mitigate this condition, a rapid, plasma-based detection method would improve management response and broaden the scientific understanding of heat stress. A total of 960 broilers were used to determine the effect of heat stress and dietary electrolyte balance on blood biochemistry. Sex sorted chicks were allocated to 48 pens with 20 chicks per pen creating 6 treatments (3 diets x 2 house environments) with eight replicates and fed one of three dietary treatments: a control containing primarily sodium chloride (NaCl), a heat stress formulation containing bicarbonate (NaHCO3), or heat stress fortified with 200 ppm vitamin C and E (NaHCO3 Fortified). Birds were housed in two different temperature-controlled environments either a thermoneutral (Control) or heat stressed (Heat Stress) environment. At day 28, 35 and 42 venous blood was collected and analyzed using rapid detection methods followed by post-mortem veterinary evaluations. Performance was measured at weekly intervals. Mortality was significantly higher in broilers exposed to heat stress as compared to thermoneutral, while broilers that received dietary sodium chloride also had higher mortality than bicarbonate fed birds. Heat stress significantly impacted potassium, hematocrit, uric acid, total protein, globulin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, sodium, and glucose. This study demonstrates that blood biochemistry of broiler chickens is influenced by dietary intervention and changing environmental conditions. This pattern suggests a blood biomarker footprint of sub-optimal nutrition or poor environmental conditions that may provide valuable information into physiological changes in response to dietary electrolytes, vitamins, and heat stress. Furthermore, this footprint may potentiate the development of diagnostic tools, combining biomarkers to determine nutrition and health status of individual broiler flocks, for nutritionists, veterinarians, and live production managers to manage flocks for environmental, humane, and productive purposes.

Investigation on Psychological Status and Job Burnout of Managers in Petroleum Enterprises.

Primarily in this paper, we have thoroughly investigated the psychological status and job burnout of managers in petroleum enterprises. For this purpose, we have assumed managers in petroleum enterprises as the research objects, whereas the overall sampling method was adopted from January 2019 to June 2020. A total of 240 questionnaires were sent out and 236 valid questionnaires were received with a recovery rate of 98.33%. The research objects' general information, psychological health status, and job burnout level were investigated. Among the 236 management personnel in petroleum enterprises, 212 (89.83%) were male and 24 (10.17%) were female. The average age was (40.28 ± 7.07) years old, and the number of people aged 40–49 was the largest, accounting for 52.12%; 84.32% were in marriage; regular college or above accounted for 81.78%; no smoking or occasional smoking in the last one year was 52.97%; not drinking in the last year was 34.75%; and 60.17% of managers in petroleum enterprises never or occasionally exercise. 121 (51.27%) suffered from high burnout due to emotional exhaustion, 125 (52.97%) suffered from high burnout due to emotional alienation, and 139 (58.90%) suffered from high burnout due to reduced sense of achievement. The scores of somatization, obsessive symptoms, depression, anxiety, and terror of the respondents were significantly higher than the normal levels of domestic adults. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05); there was no statistical significance in the scores of the other four factors compared with the national norm (P > 0.05). The phenomenon of job burnout and some psychological health problems existed in the managers in petroleum enterprises. The incidence of psychological evaluation was higher than that of the national norm, and the level of psychological health could predict the job burnout of petroleum enterprise managers.

Карьерное и профессиональное развитие руководителя организации

The present research featured the career and professional development of the head of a modern organization. The status and career development of specialists and managers often come into dissonance. Managerialism, corruption, and other deformations create contradictions that require targeted and large-scale efforts, e.g. innovative career management technologies. The research objective was to analyze modern problems of managing the career and professional development of CEO personnel. The career and professional path of a CEO is a cultural phenomenon. They are closely related to one's development as a personality, a partner, and a specialist, which forms a system of competencies. These competencies also reflect and generate changes in the area of intrapersonal and interpersonal improvement. Personal development depends on the accumulation and processing of life and career experience. As a rule, this experience is neither purposeful nor reflexive. As a result, it gives little large-scale effect. The study and reflection should prevent and correct violations of professional-labor and social-career development, including careerograms, customized work trajectories, psychotechnologies of career management, etc. Performance of a manager is a multilevel system of interconnected individual components. Managerial performance can be improved as a systemic correlation of the existing and emerging qualities of a manager with the peculiarities of the organization, i.e. corporate culture, socio-psychological climate, internal education and mutual assistance, a system of selection and support, a system of professionally important qualities of an effective leader, ergo design of staff, psychophysiological harmony, etc.

Performance Appraisal System and Its Optimization Method for Enterprise Management Employees Based on the KPI Index

Enterprise human resources management plays an important role in enterprise development, and it is an important support for the resisting the risk of market competition. The quality of enterprise managers and whether the performance appraisal is reasonable and effective directly affect the operation status and overall benefits of enterprises. Therefore, in order to enhance the competitiveness and achieve the development goals of the enterprise, the enterprise needs a set of scientific performance appraisal systems for enterprise management personnel. By combining the characteristics and research status of enterprise managers’ performance evaluation, the shortcomings of the current popular enterprise managers’ performance evaluation system were analyzed and pointed out in this paper, and the optimization method of enterprise managers’ performance evaluation system based on KPI indicators was studied and put forward, which can provide a certain theoretical support for enterprises to improve their management level and market competitiveness.

Lower-status experts' influence on health-care managers' decision-making.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate and theoretically explain how line managers and lower-status experts work together in public health-care organizations. Hence, this study explores how lower-status experts influence line managers' decision-making and task prioritizing in order to guide staff experts' cooperation and performance improvements. The authors used a qualitative method for data collection and analysis of the experts' and line managers' explanations about their cooperation. A theoretical approach of experts' identity positioning, in terms of differences and similarities, was used in analyzing the interaction between managers and experts. This study shows that similarities and differences in positioning acts exist simultaneously. Similarity is constructed by way of strategic and professional alignment with the line managers' core tasks. Differences stem from the distinction between knowledge-grounded skills and professional attributes such as language, analytical tools, and jargon. Lower-status experts need to leave their entrenched positions and match the professional status of line managers in both knowledge aspirations and appearance to reach a respected approach of experts' identity positioning. Unlike many previous studies, this study demonstrates that similarities and differences in positioning acts exist simultaneously.

Exploring Academic Library Managers Communication Skills and the Effect on Librarians Job Motivation and Satisfaction

This study investigated the effect of academic library managers’ communication skills on the librarians’ motivation and job satisfaction. By determining the status and impact of library managers’ communication skills on the librarians’ level of motivation and job satisfaction, it is possible to design the necessary plans to promote librarians’ motivation and job satisfaction. The study population comprised 90 librarians from 20 universities and their branches. Data were collected via a questionnaire, and the relationships between variables were assessed via multiple regression. The average communication skills of library managers in academic libraries were 63.90 per cent and the average communication skills of librarians were 73.06 per cent, higher than the identified average. The library managers’ communication skills did not have a significant effect on librarians’ motivation, but had a significant effect on their job satisfaction. Moreover, effective communication between managers and employees leads to the provision of high-quality services and a better understanding of the tasks assigned to the employees. The results of this study are useful for administrators, librarians, and other university staff.