Background and Objectives: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is one of the major public health challenges worldwide, affecting over 350 million people. The prevalence of this virus varies in different countries. Afghanistan, as a less developed country, has limited information about the epidemiological status of Hepatitis B. This study analyzes the prevalence and pattern of this disease in Afghanistan by reviewing existing sources to provide a better understanding of its situation and contribute to planning for Hepatitis B prevention and control in the country.
 Research Methodology: This study conducted a review of articles related to the prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B between 2010 and 2023, obtained from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Data from 9 articles were extracted and the results were reported in a narrative synthesis following the PRISMA guidelines.
 Findings: This table provides a summary of the findings from 9 studies regarding the prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B in Afghanistan. According to these studies conducted between 2011 and 2022, the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the general population varied between 1.9% to 6.3%. Additionally, the prevalence in injecting drug users and prisoners was reported to be 3.7%-6.5% and 4.4%, respectively. Major risk factors included contaminated injections, risky sexual behavior, and homosexuality.
 Conclusion: Hidden HBV infection in HBsAg-negative individuals but HBV DNA positive poses a high risk for liver diseases and should be considered in epidemiological studies. Injecting drug users, sex workers, blood donors, and high-risk refugees require education and awareness regarding HBV prevention. Further studies are necessary to determine the precise prevalence of HBV, with a focus on prevention and control programs for injecting drug users and individuals engaging in risky sexual behaviors.