Motivation Status Research Articles

The Vocational Ability, Vocational Motivation and Professional Identity of Xiamen University Teachers

With the rapid development of China's higher education, the quality of teachers is becoming more and more important. On the one hand, the vocational ability of college teachers directly affects the effectiveness of higher education; On the other hand, the vocational motivation of college teachers determines the efficiency of higher education. Therefore, whether from the perspective of higher education development, reform, or university management, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to discuss the professional ability and motivation of university teachers.A modern higher education system cannot be separated from a stable and high-quality teaching team. In order to maintain the stability of the team and continuously improve the professional quality, it is necessary to cultivate the professional identity of college teachers. Professional identity is the recognition degree of college teachers to higher education. Only teachers with strong professional identity can devote themselves to the cause of higher education. Only by systematically summarizing the current situation of professional ability, professional motivation and professional identity of college teachers can we draw the map of college teachers deeply. At the same time, on the basis of the research data, the relationship between professional ability, professional motivation and professional identity can be deeply explored to explore the path to motivate the enthusiasm of college teachers. According to the components of vocational ability, vocational motivation and professional identity, interviews was utilized to determine the educational background and academic background, teaching skills, diversified teaching ability, project management ability, educational innovation ability, communication ability with students and parents, personal ambition, working environment, salary, social identity and career prospects. Salary satisfaction, welfare security satisfaction, personal value realization, social recognition and other dimensions, to deeply explore the professional characteristics of Xiamen university teachers. Through narrative inquiry , the present status of vocational ability ,vocational motivation and occupational identity was explored, and the generation mechanism of occupational identity is sorted out. Future directions of this study was presented as to exploring on other methodology and increasing the locale and sample size.

The luxury goods market: Understanding the psychology of Chinese consumers

The objective of this research is to construct a multifactorial model facilitating the assessment of the interrelation between aspects of Chinese consumers' attitudes towards luxury items and their psychological intent to acquire such goods. The paper presents a factorial model of the evaluation system, which encompasses factors such as luxury brand awareness, materialism, social comparison with peers, fashion novelty, and consumer engagement with fashion. The research findings indicate that: (1) there exists a positive correlation between the attitudes of Chinese consumers towards luxury items and their intention to acquire them; (2) Chinese consumers, overall, tend to disregard fashion innovations as a significant factor in luxury item purchasing decisions; (3) however, materialism as a motivation for conspicuous consumption and status has become a pivotal stimulating factor; (4) substantial influence is also exerted by the impact of luxury item acquisition on the owner's social status; (5) individuals possessing knowledge of fashion trends demonstrate a higher propensity to acquire luxury items. Theoretically, this study contributes to the broadening of the understanding of luxury goods consumption within the context of the Chinese market. This contribution holds value for researchers of this market, as well as those examining other regional markets, facilitating a comparative analysis of consumer behavior factors. From a practical perspective, the model is oriented towards expanding the toolkit available to managers and marketers. It enables an understanding of the psychological motives attracting Chinese consumers to the luxury goods market. This understanding, in turn, facilitates the formulation of an effective strategy for introducing new items into this market.

Narcissists don’t care about approval: the role of narcissism and status motives in explaining the relationship between self-objectification and approval motivation

Prior research has established that women who self-objectify seek approval from others more strongly than women who self-objectify less. Yet the boundary conditions of this link remain largely unexamined. Building on hierometer theory, which postulates that narcissism tracks social status and motivates status-optimizing behaviour, we tested whether the desire for social status (e.g., among narcissists) severed the association between self-objectification and approval seeking. Two cross-sectional studies (NS1 = 200; NS2 = 201) using moderated mediation models found support for this proposition. The moderated mediation model shows that the link between self-objectification and approval seeking was attenuated among narcissists, as narcissists seek higher social status, instead of favour and approval from others. Together, the studies suggest that self-objectification no longer predicts approval seeking among individuals who prioritise status over inclusion. The findings help further connect the self-objectification literature to research on social status and self-regard. Practical implications and extensions are discussed.

The Role of Generative AI in Shaping Millennials and Gen Z’s Orientation Toward Luxury Products

This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated promotional content and status motivations on the perception of luxury brands among Millennials and Generation Z. The author adopts a mixed-method research approach that integrates a quantitative survey and structural equation modeling analysis with qualitative Natural Language Processing (NLP). The findings reveal that generative AI promotional content impacts millennials and Gen Z’s purchase intention due to its perceived entertainment, transparency, and usefulness. Status motivations had a stronger impact on purchase intention, and demographic characteristics were significantly different in their results. The study is the first to examine the human characteristics of perceived expertise, transparency, and entertainment in an AI context in light of status consumption motivation. As AI is expected to have more human-like characteristics and behavior, testing theories centered on human influence in an AI context is crucial for marketing theory and practice.

Being on top versus not dangling at the bottom: Popularity motivation and aggression in youth.

Whereas research on aggression and status motivation in youth has predominantly looked at a promotion focus (striving for popularity), a prevention focus (wanting to avoid low popularity) could also be an important determinant of aggression, as youth who fear low popularity may use strategic aggression to secure their position. The aim of the current study was to develop reliable measures for both popularity motivations, and examine how both motivations are uniquely and jointly related to aggression. Participants were 1123 Dutch secondary school students (M age = 14.4 years, 48% girls), who completed a 3-item measure of striving for high popularity based on existing questionnaires (Li & Wright, 2014; Ojanen et al., 2005), and a 3-item measure of avoiding low popularity consisting of an adapted version of the high popularity items. Aggressive behavior was measured through peer nominations. Motivations were moderately correlated (r = .51), but did not always co-occur within the same person, as 17% of the sample belonged to a cluster that scored low on striving for popularity, but moderately high on avoiding low popularity. When considered simultaneously, striving for high popularity was not related to any type of aggression, whereas avoiding affiliation with unpopular peers was related to strategic aggression. For physical and verbal aggression, gossiping, excluding and bullying, the association of avoiding low popularity with aggression was strongest when youth also strived for high popularity. Future work should take both popularity motivations into account to better understand, predict and intervene on youth's aggression toward peers.

Eyes on the prize: Narcissism and visual attention to status and affiliation

This eye tracking study tested the hypothesis that narcissists’ visual attention is motivated, focusing on two fundamental social motives: status and affiliation. We measured participants’ full narcissism spectrum (narcissistic agency, antagonism, and neuroticism) via self-reports. We measured visual attention to status and affiliation images via eye-tracking in the lab. We hypothesized that narcissistic agency would relate to increased attention to status, and that narcissistic antagonism would relate to increased attention to status and decreased attention to affiliation. We formulated no hypotheses regarding narcissistic neuroticism. Results showed that only agentic narcissism was related to increased attention toward status. The three forms of narcissism were unrelated to attention to affiliation. These findings suggest that agentic narcissists’ attention is driven by an underlying status motive. More broadly, findings are consistent with the notion that visual attention expresses and maintains people’s personality traits via satisfying trait-congruent motives.

Who expresses their pride when? The regulation of pride expressions as a function of self-monitoring and social context

ABSTRACT Pride expressions draw attention to one’s achievement, and therefore can enhance one’s status. However, such attention has been linked to negative interpersonal consequences (i.e. envy). Fortunately, people have been found to regulate their pride expressions accordingly. Specifically, pride expressions are lower when the domain of the achievement is of high relevance to observers. We set out to replicate this effect in a non-Western sample. Additionally, we extended the current finding by investigating the moderating role of self-monitoring, an individual’s ability and willingness to adjust their behaviours under different social contexts to cultivate status. This allows us to explore the previously assumed underlying status motive in regulating pride expressions. Data from two preregistered studies (N1 = 913; N2 = 1081) replicated the effect that pride expressions are inhibited when the achievement domain is relevant. A significant main effect of self-monitoring was found, such that high self-monitors express more pride than low self-monitors, consistent with the conceptualisation of self-monitoring as rooted within a status-enhancement motive. The assumed interaction effect between domain relevance and self-monitoring was not significant. Our findings suggest that the effect of domain relevance on pride expression is robust and status driven.

Work motivation and factors associated with it among health professionals in Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

Motivation is the level of a person's willingness to put forth and maintain an effort in support of organizational goals. However, motivation towards task execution is affected by the organization and individual goals. For instance, low morale among the staff can damage the quality of service delivery. Hence, this study was intended to assess the working motivation status and factors associated with it among health professionals at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was employed. Stratified sampling techniques were used to extract sample from each job category proportionally. To make the distribution fair, all health workers were grouped according to their job title and selected by using the lottery method from each group. A standardized, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was checked, coded, and entered into EpiData 3.1 and exported for analysis into SPSS 25. Variable in the multivariable logistic regression model with a p value of < 0.05 at 95% CI were taken as significantly associated to motivation status. A total of 319 people were involved, with a 100% response rate. 20.4% of health professionals were motivated at Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Job satisfaction (AOR 6.46, 95% CI 1.72, 24.35), the presence of adequate medical supplies (AOR 5.01, 95% CI 1.23, 25.37), work place security (AOR 6.78, 95% CI 1.498, 30.72), and the presence of training opportunities in health facilities (AOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.01, 4.96) were significant factors associated with motivation status. The proportion of motivated health professionals was very low compared to previous studies in Ethiopia. The presence of security at work, adequate medical equipment, drugs, and supplies, job satisfaction, and the presence of training opportunities were predominant motivational factors. The hospital administration needs to give priority and work to safeguard security, ensure adequate medical supplies, and offer training to improve their satisfaction and motivation.

Pengaruh Motivasi Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung Di Museum Joang 45 Jakarta

Motivation can trigger the travel process. Tourist motivation is an important factor in carrying out an activity, starting or planning it. Therefore, it is important to know the motivation of tourists to visit tourist attractions, so that it can make it easier for tourist attraction managers to understand the desires and needs of tourists. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of motivation on the decision to visit the Joang 45 Museum, Jakarta. The tourist motivations examined in this research are physical motivation, cultural motivation, individual motivation, and status and prestige motivation. This research uses quantitative methods with a sample of 100 respondents. The sampling technique uses accidental sampling technique. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used are validity test, reliability test, normality test, simple linear regression, t test, and coefficient determination. Based on the analysis results from the t test, it shows that motivation which includes physical motivation, cultural motivation, individual motivation, as well as prestige and status motivation influences the decision to visit the Joang 45 Museum, Jakarta. Keywords: Tourist Motivation, Visiting Decisions, Museum

What motivates users to keep WhatsApp statuses: a scale development study

PurposeDespite the immense popularity of WhatsApp, there needs to be more reliable and valid scales for identifying and measuring users' motivation behind frequent WhatsApp status updates. This study explores the underlying motivations of users in updating their WhatsApp statuses and develops a scale to measure them.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a mixed-method research design, data were obtained from WhatsApp users in India. The current research furnishes results from five studies, involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches.FindingsThe results uncover seven unique motivations of users for keeping WhatsApp status, namely: social good, attention seeking, social relations, expressing views, life updates, inspiration and entertainment. Additionally, the empirical findings demonstrate the effects of the above dimensions on the positive and negative emotions of users.Originality/valueThis research is a pioneering effort in developing and validating a scale on WhatsApp status motivation construct. Key managerial and scholarly implications of the findings arising from this research are also discussed.

EXPRESS: Developing Strengths or Remedying Weaknesses? How Perceived Social Mobility Affects Parents’ Purchase Preferences for Children’s Educational Products

Does parents’ status motivation affect their educational product choices for their children? Across seven studies, we find that when parents believe that society provides enough opportunities for individuals to achieve higher social status through hard work (i.e., high social mobility), they prioritize the status advancement goal and prefer products to help maximize a child’s strengths. However, when parents believe that even if one works hard, the opportunity to climb up the social ladder is limited (i.e., low social mobility), they focus on maintaining their current status and prefer products that help remedy a child’s weaknesses. Moreover, the research demonstrates that this effect diminishes when the strength and weakness are in the domains that have low relevance to status. Finally, we find that when parents believe that children with specialties are more likely to succeed, they prefer products for maximizing strengths; whereas when they believe that well-rounded children are more likely to succeed, they prefer products for remedying weaknesses, regardless of their perception of social mobility.

The moral superiority of temporal (vs. social) comparisons

AbstractBrands often encourage consumers to compare themselves to two types of standards: other people (i.e., social comparisons) and their own past (i.e., temporal comparisons). Although research has drawn many parallels between these two self‐comparisons, relatively little work has examined how they diverge. Moreover, existing research on their differences focuses on individuals engaging in—rather than brands encouraging—different self‐comparisons. The present research identifies moral perceptions as one critical dimension on which brand‐elicited temporal and social comparisons differ. Four studies find that evoking downward social (vs. temporal) comparisons undermines brand morality perceptions and, consequently, brand evaluations and choice. Providing preliminary insight into the mechanism, when brands evoke downward social (vs. temporal) comparisons, consumers perceive them as promoting status‐seeking behavior, which mediates morality judgments. Furthermore, the effects of comparison type are eliminated among consumers with stronger status motives—those who are less prone to condemn status‐seeking behavior. Altogether, these findings reveal a lay belief in the moral superiority of downward temporal (vs. social) comparisons and the downstream consequences for brands that elicit such comparisons.

Learning Motivation of English Based on Sociocultural Theory: A Study of Chinese College Students in English Majors

Sociocultural theory emphasizes the use of sociocultural contexts and cultural artifacts to regulate interpersonal relationships and facilitate thinking and language acquisition. Based on this theory, research on foreign language learning has shown that learning a foreign language is not a personal effort invested blindly, but rather is realized and internalized through language as a cognitive tool with the help of other supports. Learning motivation is an important factor that directly affects the learning behavior and effect of college students, and it is the internal motivation and need that drives students to learn. To understand the current situation of learning motivation of Chinese English majors under the sociocultural theory, this study adopts a questionnaire to investigate the learning motivation status of 150 students majoring in English in a comprehensive undergraduate university. Based on the problems found, this study makes suggestions to both students and teachers to stimulate students learning motivation.

Identification the Impact of Differentiated Digitally Supported Learning Environments

The concepts of flipped learning (FL) and augmented reality (AR) draw attention which find strong support for contributing to learning performance. The purpose of this research is to examine to what extent pre-service teachers' environments with and without AR support differ from traditional digitally supported learning environments in terms of learning achievement. In this process, the analysis of the relationship between the perception of efficacy and motivation related to the learning content and the learning performance to measure the pure effect of the variables was the objective of another study. The study was conducted with the static group comparison design, which is among the weak experimental designs. The study group consisted of 109 pre-service teachers. Gain score test, academic motivation scale for learning information technology and perceived information and communication technologies (ICT) proficiency scale for pre-service teachers were used as data collection tools. Within the scope of the study, in-class implementations lasted for a total of eight weeks with each lasting for three hours. The ANOVA results indicated a statistically significant difference in favor of the AR-supported FL learning environment compared to the traditional digitally supported learning environment in terms of gains scores showing the pretest-posttest difference. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between perceived information technology proficiency and motivation status and gain scores. In this context, it can be suggested that the creation of AR supported FL environments from suitable content situations in learning performance.

Stand out or fit in: Understanding consumer minimalism from a social comparison perspective

Consumer minimalism has been gaining popularity globally over the past few years. Drawing from social comparison theory, the current research investigates how social comparison affects minimalist consumption (i.e., reduced possessions and mindful purchases). Specifically, four studies convergently show that consumers who make downward (vs. upward) social comparisons are more (vs. less) likely to engage in minimalist consumption (Study 1). Notably, status (vs. affiliation) motives mediate this effect (Study 2). Furthermore, the core effect will be strengthened among consumers with strong (vs. weak) spending-implies-wealth (SIW) beliefs (Studies 3 and 4). In addition to contributing to the literature on social comparison and consumer minimalism, these findings also suggest new insights for managers and policymakers to promote minimalist campaigns and consequently facilitate sustainable marketing.

Authentic vs. Hubristic Proud Consumers: Two Forms of Status Orientation Underlying New Luxury Consumption

Incorporating motivation for two forms of social status—prestige and dominance, this research examines the influence of authentic and hubristic pride on consumers’ preferences and purchases of new luxury products. Consumers with high authentic pride are found to seek prestige status, while those with high hubristic pride are inclined to achieve dominance status. Moreover, consumers with high authentic pride hold more positive attitudes and stronger purchase intention toward expertise-positioned luxury products. Consumers’ motivation for prestige status mediates the relationship between authentic pride and their preferences and purchase intention toward such products. However, we did not find reliable patterns for the impact of hubristic pride on consumers’ preferences and purchase intention toward aristocracy-positioned products. Overall, findings in this research enrich the theoretical framework of new luxury consumption by incorporating two-faceted pride with motivation for two forms of social status. These findings should make implications by enlightening marketing practitioners of incorporating consumers’ pride traits/states and status orientation to tailor positioning strategies for luxuries.

Ego-Boosting Hormone: Self-Reported and Blood-Based Testosterone Are Associated With Higher Narcissism

Grandiose narcissism is defined as increased motivation for status and viewing oneself as entitled and superior to others. We hypothesized that these tendencies might be associated with basal levels of testosterone because testosterone is considered the most social hormone—driving dominance and the motivation to achieve social status. We distinguished between two facets of grandiose narcissism: agentic (i.e., the tendency to self-promotion in order to win others’ admiration and social influence) and antagonistic (i.e., a reactive strategy used to restore threatened status). In 283 adult men, we examined the association between these facets of narcissism and blood-tested and self-reported testosterone levels. Agentic narcissism—the default narcissistic strategy—was positively associated with both testosterone indicators. Moreover, self-reported and objectively measured testosterone were positively correlated. These findings extend previous work by showing that the facets of narcissism have distinct hormonal underpinnings.

Asymmetric Effects of Holding Power Versus Status: Implications for Motivation and Group Dynamics.

Although extant research suggests that power without status, but not status without power, induces interpersonal conflict, we are yet to fully understand the asymmetric effects of holding power or status on psychological processes and group functioning. The present research attempts to fill this gap by arguing that holding power would heighten the motivation for status, whereas holding status may not necessarily have an equivalent effect on the motivation for power. We further proposed that power-status misalignment within a group would lead powerholders to be competitive toward statusholders due to heightened status motive and (upon failure to attain status) invest less in their group due to greater emotional distress. Across four (and one Supplemental) studies, we found support for our hypotheses. Our findings not only shed further light on the interactive effects of power and status, but also help better explain why power without status is particularly related to negative outcomes.

The Status of Motivation in Learning English at the Undergraduate Level

The Status of Motivation in Learning English at the Undergraduate Level

Was retrospective change measurement conducted with Covid-19 containment inconsistent? Comparing prospective and retrospective change measures using data from a national survey on substance use and addictive behaviors.

Single-measurement-point data collection to assess change has increased with studies assessing the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and of its containment, despite evidence of its lack of validity. Retrospective change is not equivalent to change in repeated self-reported measures giving raise to questions about the validity of the former. This paper purports to investigate inconsistencies between change measures by confronting retrospective change to information from longitudinally self-reported measures from the C-SURF cohort study. The study sample consists of 2,279 young men who participated in C-SURF between 2020 and 2021, and completed between May and June 2021 a survey covering change in alcohol, cigarette, cannabis and other addictive behaviors related to the pandemic. The aforementioned behaviors were assessed longitudinally at two time points using self-reports, and retrospective change since the onset of the Covid-19 crisis was also assessed at the second measurement time. Information from both prospective and retrospective change measures were confronted to identify inconsistent information for each behavior. Additionally, multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess associations between socioeconomic status, impulsivity, depression, and different indicators of motivation to complete the study and inconsistency between both measures for each behavior of interest. Importantly, inconsistent information in at least one of the investigated behaviors was found in about 90% of the participants. Small associations were found between inconsistency and different factors with a consistent effect of impulsivity. In the absence of evidence of the validity of retrospective change measures, studies relying on retrospective change should be interpreted with caution.