Future Status Research Articles

A Study of Demographic Factors and Investment Awareness Among Youth with Reference to Thane City

Young generations in today's world are much more imaginative and understand technology or we call them socially and financially technologically skilled in comparison to the older generation. Knowing whether the young and vibrant generation today is really worried about its future financial status or investments and knowing it. This research attempts to find out above by examining students' awareness of investment. For the study purpose, raw data is from students through a structured questionnaire, and the samples chosen are the students of different streams from the age group of 16 to 28 years old wherein 253 responded from youth filled through a questionnaire. The goal is to evaluate the participant's level of awareness and information about investments. The study reveals that investment awareness and knowledge and demographic factors are linked to a recent extent.

New Evidence on Investors’ Valuation of Deferred Tax Liabilities

ABSTRACT Although deferred tax liabilities (DTLs) represent a significant financial statement liability for most firms, research reaches conflicting conclusions regarding investors’ valuation of these items. Using an expanded dataset of hand-collected tax footnotes, I examine the nuanced association between depreciation-related DTLs and firm value, extracted from a period when these relations may have been more easily analyzed by investors. I show that investors price depreciation-related DTLs as economic burdens, on average. Despite arguments that growing DTL balances might signal a lack of reversals (and a lower likelihood of being priced), I show that investors price growing depreciation-related DTL balances. Finally, I find evidence that DTL pricing is sensitive to expectations of firms’ future tax status and that investors value the tax deferral associated with DTLs. As depreciation-related DTLs are by far the largest DTL component, my study provides important insights into the valuation of deferred tax balances.

Autonomous valet parking optimization with two-step reservation and pricing strategy

With the development of autonomous vehicle, the autonomous valet parking has been attracting extensive attention, by relieving users’ inconvenience from parking. Compared with shortrange autonomous valet parking, long-range autonomous valet parking extends parking features with bridge of long-range travelling and parking in a user-friendly cycle. However, due to the uncertainty of trip routes, the performance of single reservation mechanism on parking lot status prediction is limited. Besides, unified parking pricing intensifies parking competition and causes local congestion. Therefore, we propose a long-range autonomous valet parking framework based on Two-step Reservation Mechanism. The proposed scheme provides the first reservation service before arriving at Drop-off spots (regular step), so as to anticipate parking demand of parking lot. Then, it provides the second reservation service when arriving at Drop-off spots (extra step) for updating the optimality of parking decision. The future parking lot status can be predicted with the impact of concurrent requests and reservation execution probability. Meanwhile, we propose a heterogeneous pricing strategy, in which the parking lots with higher parking demands would be adjusted with higher prices. Simulation results show that our scheme outperforms literature works on reducing parking cost and balancing parking demand.

Self-regulatory processes in goal striving during excellent distance-running performances: A qualitative study

ObjectiveGoal setting can improve endurance performance, yet how endurance performers maintain goal striving and bring it to a successful close has received limited attention. In this study, we investigated the self-regulatory processes employed by long-distance runners during goal striving in excellent competitive performances. MethodThrough in-depth, event-focused interviews, we explored 21 long-distance runners’ experiences of goal striving in excellent competitive performances (M = 77.43 h post-race). Furthermore, we recruited 10 additional participants with relevant experiences (runner n = 7, coach n = 2; sport psychologist n = 1) for external member-reflection interviews. FindingsThrough our matrix analysis, we interpreted that by contrasting their current and future goal status periodically throughout their excellent performances, using a process called mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII), this helped the runners to make decisions about whether to persist with a goal, or disengage from a goal and reengage with an alternative. Furthermore, our findings depict how these goal decisions unfolded when runners perceived they were behind, equalling, or exceeding their goal(s). We also illustrate how goal revision was used as an adaptive process to maximise performance, and to avert or manage action crises. ConclusionsOur findings extend theoretical understandings of goal striving and the self-regulatory processes endurance performers employ to attain and/or adapt their goals. Psychological support provided for athletes should go beyond simply setting goals, but also include training on mental frameworks such as MCII to manage goal-striving challenges and decisional conflict encountered during performances.

A novel approach to employment quality evaluation of college graduates with probabilistic linguistic MAGDM

With the continuous extension and deepening of college education reform, the research on the future employment of college students and the evaluation of employment quality has become a major focus topic. The traditional evaluation system for the employment quality of college graduates is relatively outdated and unitary, lacking a vision of the future development status of college graduates, as well as an effective understanding and mastery of the overall feedback and evaluation of the entire employment market for college graduates. Moreover, most colleges and universities mainly focus on the level of competence that college graduates should achieve five years after graduation from college in terms of talent cultivation goals, The lack of specific evaluation work for long-term employment tracking of graduates has resulted in universities being unable to grasp and understand the degree of fit and matching between the comprehensive abilities of university graduates and the future employment market, and thus unable to provide effective feedback and summary of talent cultivation and innovation strategies. Therefore, it is imperative to comprehensively innovate the employment quality evaluation system and methods for college graduates. The employment quality evaluation of college graduates is a classical multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems. Recently, the TODIM and VIKOR method has been used to cope with MAGDM issues. The probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) are used as a tool for characterizing uncertain information during the employment quality evaluation of college graduates. In this manuscript, the probabilistic linguistic TODIM-VIKOR (PL-TODIM-VIKOR) method is built to solve the MAGDM under PLTSs. In the end, a numerical case study for employment quality evaluation of college graduates is given to validate the proposed method.

Changes in college students' socioeconomic status aspirations during the COVID‐19 pandemic

AbstractAlthough university students tend to be optimistic about their future socioeconomic status (SES), little is known how their SES aspirations changed during the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using latent growth curve modeling techniques, we examined changes in subjective SES aspirations for students who began college before the pandemic (cohort 1; Fall 2019) and students who began college during the pandemic (cohort 2; Fall 2020). Moreover, we assessed how SES indicators (i.e., subjective family SES; first‐generation status; low‐income status) and a contextual financial indicator (i.e., pandemic‐related financial impacts) predicted changes in SES aspirations for both groups of students. Although SES aspirations were similar at the beginning of college for both groups of students, students who began college before the pandemic experienced a greater rate of downward change between the baseline assessment and the assessment shortly after the pandemic began. In both cohorts, students from higher‐SES families had higher SES aspirations at the beginning of college and steeper rates of downward change. Furthermore, despite having similar SES aspirations at the beginning of college, first‐generation students whose first year was interrupted by the pandemic experienced steeper downward changes in their SES aspirations. However, pandemic‐related financial impacts did not predict this downward change for either cohort. Our findings suggest that uncertainty in the early stages of the pandemic may have led to cautiousness in students' aspirations for their future SES attainment, particularly for first‐generation students.

Assessment of recovery potential for the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus): An application of the IUCN green status process

Abstract According to an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessment (RLA), the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus), an iconic coastal species, is at risk of extirpation in some regions within its range where small and vulnerable populations occur. However, the RLA does not consider future status beyond viability and does not attempt to identify the conservation necessary to effectively mitigate threats and recover the species to full ecological functionality. To aid in conservation planning for vulnerable species, the IUCN developed the Green Status of Species assessment (GSA) process to complement the RLA. This paper describes the application of the GSA process to assess the recovery potential of the American horseshoe crab. First, specific Limulus populations within spatial units for conservation were delineated, and their statuses were defined based on viability and ecological functionality. Then conservation actions were identified that would promote recovery and affect their near‐ and long‐term population status under different conservation scenarios. Horseshoe crab conservation has relied on, and will continue to depend on, effective harvest regulation. However, as currently conceived, conservation is not expected to mitigate habitat loss at the scale required to restore range‐wide ecological functionality, primarily because habitat loss is widespread and affected by climate change. Thus, the GSA results, while indicating that there is potential for near‐term recovery gains, reveal that long‐term recovery is in doubt owing to expected loss of habitat. To conserve critical habitats for spawning and early life stages and achieve ecological functionality, it is imperative to identify and develop conservation plans at appropriate spatial scales. Unfortunately, such plans do not currently exist and need to be established. The GSA Green Score can then serve as a metric for monitoring recovery and gauging the effectiveness of conservation implementation.

A Proactive Stable Scheme for Vehicular Collaborative Edge Computing

Due to the restricted computing resources and high upgrading costs, onboard processors alone cannot meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of the emerging and constantly upgrading vehicular applications. Computation offloading is a feasible solution to the excessive computation-intensive tasks. Meanwhile, vehicular collaborative edge computing (VCEC) is a paradigm to make the best use of surrounding vehicles' idle computing resources when the task density on a specific road segment suddenly increases. However, the high mobility of vehicles and the ad hoc nature of vehicular networks make maintaining stable task offloading performance quite challenging. Especially when the idle computing resources surrounding vehicles are insufficient, there has not been researching to achieve stable offloading performance. Based on this, we consider a proactive strategy that can decrease the events that affect performance stability. First, we propose a mobility prediction model for future network status prediction. Then we design an adaptive task offloading scheme based on proactive adjusting (PATO) to maintain stable task offloading performance. The scheme includes a state processing model and a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based task offloading algorithm. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations in various scenarios with insufficient resources to validate the task offloading performance of PATO. Compared with the existing DRL-based algorithm, the simulation results show that PATO can improve the mean offloading utility by 95.4% and the completion ratio by 15.8%.

Decline or shifting distribution? A first regional trend assessment for white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in South Africa

Unprecedented levels of change in ocean ecosystems bring an ever-increasing need for re-analyses of existing data to explore pressing conservation questions. Substantial declines in white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) presence at two primary aggregation sites have raised concerns about the species’ status throughout South Africa. Using the most comprehensive suite of abundance indices compiled to date, we evaluated temporal trends and the strength of evidence for regional redistribution. Individual indices from all primary aggregation sites in South Africa were highly variable. The overall temporal trend from a log-linear Generalized Additive Model was relatively flat, indicating largely unchanged abundance throughout South Africa since protection in 1991. However, reports of human-shark incidents showed a general shift from the Western to the Eastern Cape. Correlations among individual abundance indices demonstrated that movements were not as simple as animals leaving one site to inhabit another. Further research is needed to explore the effect of movement on monitoring data. Our results reaffirm the need for better standardization in data collection methods to generate abundance indices and to develop long-term monitoring programs on the Eastern Cape. Ideally, environmental or operational factors affecting abundance indices should also be explored in future status assessments at a regional level. Our results provide a baseline for future work, directing research to understand drivers of localized and regional changes and focusing management on reducing anthropogenic sources of mortality within their Southwest Indian Ocean range.

Corporate governance and shareholder-employee risk-shifting: Evidence from corporate pension plan sponsors

This study examines how corporate governance affects pension plan sponsors’ conflicting motives—risk-shifting vs. risk management—and their future pension funding status, R&D investments, and shareholder values. We focus on managers’ discretionary choices of expected rates of return on plan assets and discount rates for pension liabilities to capture risk-shifting motives and measure corporate governance quality through foreign equity ownership (strong monitoring) and stable equity ownership (weak monitoring). The evidence shows that well-governed firms use managerial risk-shifting to finance R&D and increase shareholder values. Risk-shifting by poorly-governed firms results in larger pension underfunding without increasing shareholder values.

Widefield choroidal vasculature associated with future condition of subretinal fluid in central serous chorioretinopathy

PurposeTo examine choroidal angiographic features in the posterior pole associated with resolution or persistency of subretinal fluid (SRF) in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). DesignObservational case series. MethodsTwenty-nine patients with treatment-naïve CSC were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of SRF 3 months after the initial visit (month 3) without any treatment. Using enhanced depth imaging of widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography, the choroidal thickness (CT), vessel density (VD), and vessel diameter index (VDI) in the superotemporal and inferotemporal subfields on the temporal side of the 18-mm circle from the disc were measured at the initial visit. We calculated the vertical difference in CT and other choroidal angiographic parameters and evaluated their association with the SRF condition at 3 months. ResultsThe SRF-resolved and SRF-persistent groups included 10 and 19 patients, respectively. At the initial visit, sex, age, axial length, symptom duration, the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, and foveal thickness were not significantly different between the two groups. The SRF status at month 3 was not associated with the vertical difference in CT and choroidal VD (P = .614, .065, respectively). However, the vertical difference in choroidal VDI was positively associated with the future presence of SRF (P = .017). ConclusionsVertically asymmetric dilation of choroidal vessels in the posterior pole may be a vasculature feature associated with SRF from CSC and may be a good predictor of future SRF status.

Associations between Johne’s disease and fertility in UK dairy herds

The objective of this observational study was to quantify associations between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) antibody status and a variety of fertility outcomes, in UK dairy cattle. Longitudinal milk recording, fertility and MAP antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) milk test data were collated retrospectively from 121,762 lactations in 78 herds. Datasets were structured into appropriate units to suit outcomes and enable temporal association between current and future MAP status, and fertility measures. Current MAP status was categorised according to most recent status within 180 days, with time-related future MAP status assigned based on MAP antibody ELISA milk test data for each cow. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between MAP status and 21-day pregnancy and submission rate and conception risk. Posterior predictions and cross-validation techniques were used to assess model fit and check model building assumptions. A negative association was found between risk of insemination (Odds Ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% Credible Interval [CI], 0.66–0.92) and conception occurring (OR, 0.65; CI, 0.5–0.84) and transition from negative to non-negative MAP test status in the next 30–90 days. A positive association was observed between risk of insemination (OR, 1.34; CI, 1.16–1.52) and conception occurring (OR, 1.26; CI, 1.11–1.43) and transition from negative to non-negative MAP test status in the next 90–180 days. Current positive MAP test status was negatively and positively associated with insemination (OR, 0.59; CI, 0.49–0.70) and conception risk (OR, 1.12; CI, 0.96–1.30), respectively. Herd managers will have had access to test results, declaring cows with past recent or multiple positive MAP antibody ELISA results not to be bred, negatively influencing insemination risk. Overall, these results demonstrate the temporal association between a positive MAP antibody ELISA result and dairy cow fertility outcomes, with particular variability prior to a positive MAP antibody ELISA result.

Subjective Socioeconomic Status in Small-Scale Aquaculture: Evidence from Central-Southern Chile

Socioeconomic status (SES) is a multidimensional concept that involves objective markers, such as income, education, and occupation, along with subjective data, which indicate how people perceive their socioeconomic position. Gaps and the lack of linear relationships in objective SES data have supported the need to include subjective markers. This study evaluates the effect of certain critical predictors on the subjective SES of small-scale aquaculture producers in Central-Southern Chile, addressing a gap in research. We explore the impact of income, education, occupational settings, social capital, and subjective health status on self-reports of current and future subjective socioeconomic status. We use primary data collected through a government-funded project. The fieldwork included a face-to-face survey implemented between February and March 2017 with 225 participants, all located in the Bio-Bio or Lagos regions of Chile. Bi-probit regression models were applied to test how the current and future subjective SES is affected by the following variables: engaging small-scale aquaculture production, having a secondary occupation, harvesting two or more different resources, maintaining extended social networks to cope with economic problems, subjective health status, average monthly income from aquaculture or fishery, perceptions about how difficult it is to find alternative work, and education as means for personal and occupational development. The results show that engaging in small-scale aquaculture positively affects current and future subjective socioeconomic status. Income is a robust predictor of present and future socioeconomic status. Education loses relevance on subjective SES later in life, whereas social capital gains importance.

Incorporating multimodal context information into traffic speed forecasting through graph deep learning

Accurate traffic speed forecasting is a prerequisite for anticipating future traffic status and increasing the resilience of intelligent transportation systems. However, most studies ignore the involvement of context information ubiquitously distributed over the urban environment to boost speed prediction. The diversity and complexity of context information also hinder incorporating it into traffic forecasting. Therefore, this study proposes a multimodal context-based graph convolutional neural network (MCGCN) model to fuse context data into traffic speed prediction, including spatial and temporal contexts. The proposed model comprises three modules, ie (a) hierarchical spatial embedding to learn spatial representations by organizing spatial contexts from different dimensions, (b) multivariate temporal modeling to learn temporal representations by capturing dependencies of multivariate temporal contexts and (c) attention-based multimodal fusion to integrate traffic speed with the spatial and temporal context representations for multi-step speed prediction. We conduct extensive experiments in Singapore. Compared to the baseline model (spatial-temporal graph convolutional network, STGCN), our results demonstrate the importance of multimodal contexts with the mean-absolute-error improvement of 0.29 km/h, 0.45 km/h and 0.89 km/h in 30-min, 60-min and 120-min speed prediction, respectively. We also explore how different contexts affect traffic speed forecasting, providing references for stakeholders to understand the relationship between context information and transportation systems.

Social mobility and education policy: a district-level analysis of legislative behavior

Abstract A vast literature has examined how perceptions of mobility shape demand for redistribution. These studies generally refer to contemporaneous tax policies demanded by those directly impacted. But social mobility is often measured as changes across generations. To account for these intergenerational effects, our analysis focuses on educational policies. We examine how social mobility at the district level explains legislative support for inclusive education policies. We first develop an electoral competition model where voters are altruistic parents, politicians are office seeking and the future economic status of the children is affected both by the degree of income mobility and by public education policies. We then analyze a newly compiled dataset of roll-call votes on California education legislation matched with electoral district levels of income mobility. In line with the model, our analysis suggests that upward mobility in a district negatively predicts legislative support for redistributive education bills.

The Impact of Pediatric CKD on Educational and Employment Outcomes.

Pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at risk for neurocognitive deficits and academic underachievement. This population may be at risk for lower educational attainment and higher rates of unemployment; however, published data has focused on patients with advanced CKD and exist in isolation from assessment of neurocognition and kidney function. Data from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort study were used to characterize educational attainment and employment status in young adults with CKD. We utilized ratings of executive function as a predictor of future educational attainment and employment status. Linear regression models predicted the highest grade level completed. Logistic regression models predicted unemployment. 296 CKiD participants aged 18 years or older had available educational data. 220/296 had employment data. By age 22, 97% had completed high school and 48% completed 2+ years of college. Among those reporting employment status, 58% were part- or full-time employed, 22% were non-working students, and 20% were unemployed and/or receiving disability. In adjusted models, lower kidney function (p=0.02), worse executive function (p=0.02), and poor performance on achievement testing (p=0.004) predicted lower grade level completed relative to expectation for age. CKiD study patients appear to have a better high school graduation rates (97%) than the adjusted national high school graduation rate (86%). Conversely, roughly 20% of participants were unemployed or receiving disability at study follow-up. Tailored interventions may benefit CKD patients with lower kidneyfunction and/or executive function deficits to optimize educational/employment outcomes in adulthood.

Health status, menstrual hygiene practices, and anthropometric correlations among minority school girls

Abstract Background: Age group of 10–19 years has been designated as the adolescence period. This period decides future health and nutritional status. Girls are future mothers. Adolescents constitute 25% of the global population. Most of these populations are from developing countries. Objective: To study health status, menstrual hygiene practices, and anthropometric correlations among minority school girls. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out among 112 girls of age 11–18 years from a minority school. Socio-demographic information, complete general, and systemic examination as well as questions related to personal hygiene practices and menstrual hygiene practices were taken. Height, weight, and blood pressure were recorded as per the standard protocol. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Results: The prevalence of undernutrition was very high, i.e. 57.1%. The prevalence of refractive errors was 20.5%. Regarding personal hygiene practices, most of the girls were seen to follow good practices. Hand hygiene was present in 97.3% for washing hands before eating and among 98.2% for washing hands with soap and water after defecation. Regarding menstrual hygiene practices, only one girl told that she used the old cloth during menstruation and two girls disposed the pads improperly. Significant correlation was seen between age and BMI; systolic blood pressure (SBP) and BMI; diastolic blood pressure and BMI; and duration of stay in the hostel and SBP. Age was correlated with the height and BMI. When we compared mean height, weight, and BMI across age categories, we found that mean height was significantly more in higher age. Mean BMI was significantly lesser in higher age group. However, mean weight was almost similar. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition was high. As the age increased, BMI decreased indicating that the given nutrition is not sufficient for their growing age. Hence, there is a need to give additional food supplementation for proper growth and nutrition. Awareness on personal and menstrual hygiene was very good.

“The Museum is for All Cultures”

Abstract Worldwide, community museums can play an important role in regenerating and safeguarding Indigenous living cultures. The aim of this article is to explore and examine the complex socio-cultural context of the Nambya Community Museum (NCM), located in Hwange district, north-western Zimbabwe. Over the past 18 years, a web of multiple stakeholders has struggled to find common ground on what and whose cultural heritage the NCM should represent. As a result, many often conflicting views and attitudes held by different stakeholders have emerged concerning the present or future status and the purpose of the NCM. In this article we deploy multivocality theory, and rely on qualitative data collected during a large-scale archeological and heritage management research project to present and discuss a wide range of conceptual and practical issues confronting the NCM. We situate this case study within current global conversations about the ideal museum of the present and the future.

An Analytical Study of the Current and Future Status of Agricultural Land in Egypt

An Analytical Study of the Current and Future Status of Agricultural Land in Egypt

FORECAST IFRS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN CONDITIONS OF MARITIME

Extremely difficult conditions for the management of domestic enterprises due to large-scale military aggression by russia have led to extremely uncertain environmental conditions under the influence of unpredictable dynamics of events of a militarypolitical nature. Enterprises face the task of finding opportunities to implement and apply planning and forecasting with further improvement of forecasting methods and budgets to increase business activity in the future. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the feasibility and choice of methods fo r forming indicators of projected financial statements in accordance with IFRS in order to increase the investment attractiveness of enterprises. Projected financial statements as a source of information data for the development of enterprise development plans and assess the impact of management decisions on performance and financial condition provides the formation of information about projected indicators for investors. Against the background of Ukraine's future candidate status for EU membership, the urgency of preparing consolidated projected financial statements based on the requirements of IFRS wil l increase. The basic aspects of the formation of projected financial statements in accordance with IFRS, which allows to form an array of information about the financial results of the enterprise and possible trends in its economic development. In order to increase the investment attractiveness of individual business entities in the future, the importance of preparing forecasted financial statements according to IFRS with a detailed description of the business environment in conditions of hostilities or their absence has been proven. The key aspects for the formation of the indicators of the forecasted financial reporting in 2023 have been identified: a review of approaches to reducing the utility of assets, in particular financial ones, a detailed disclosure of financial risks, taking into account the factors of martial law, a search for reserves and an assessment of the prospects for intensifying business activity.