Statistics Service Research Articles

The role of clinical exchange programs in postgraduate obgyn training: A case-study of the FIGO-WATOG One World Exchange.

To evaluate the role of clinical exchange programs in postgraduate obgyn training using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)-World Association of Trainees in Obstetrics and Gynecology (WATOG) One World Exchange (OWE), a clinical exchange program held in France in October 2023, as a case-study. This was a cross-sectional study. A 31-item structured questionnaire designed with Google Forms was electronically distributed to the 51 obgyn postgraduate trainees (OWE fellows) who participated in the OWE, to collect information about the exchange. Collected data was analyzed using IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Statistics for Windows. The survey response rate was 68.6%. The mean age of the respondents was 33.0 ± 4.0 years. Majority of the them were females (26, 74.3%), married (19, 54.3%), at least in their third year of training (30, 85.7%) and from Africa (11, 31.4%). During the period of the exchange program, fellows observed various obstetric and gynecologic procedures, including open and minimal access procedures, with more than one-fifth (8, 22.9%) of them reporting that they were allowed to assist in some of these procedures. The fellows noted salient differences in practice between their exchange hospitals and their home countries. An overwhelming majority (30, 85.7%) of the fellows believed the OWE was beneficial and would positively impact their clinical practices back in their home countries. Clinical exchange programs like the OWE provide valuable benefits in improving the clinical knowledge and skills of postgraduate obgyn trainees.

Research on the factors affecting the compressive strength of rubber powder modified cement-stabilized crushed stone based on orthogonal experiments

Based on an orthogonal experimental design, this study introduces rubber powder particle size alongside rubber powder content, aggregate gradation, and cement content as factors. A total of 16 mix proportions were formulated. For each mixture, compaction tests and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were conducted. Using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software, a multifactor variance analysis was performed to determine the influence levels of the four factors on maximum dry density and compressive strength. The optimal mix proportion was selected based on compressive strength. The results indicate that aggregate gradation and rubber powder content significantly affect the maximum dry density of the mixture, with aggregate gradation having the greatest impact. Rubber powder content has the most substantial effect on compressive strength, while rubber particle size has the least influence. The optimal formulation is 7% cement content, 30-mesh rubber powder, 0.5% rubber powder content, and a skeletal dense gradation close to the median.

The Influence of Current Ratio, DER and Total Asset Turnover on Profit Growth in Manufacturing Companies in the Goods and Consumer Goods Industry Sub-Sector Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange 2019 -2022

This study aims to examine the Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, and Total Asset Turnover on profit growth in manufacturing companies in the goods and consumption industry sector listed on the Indonesia stock exchange. The population in this study are manufacturing companies in the goods and consumer goods industry sub-sector listed on the Indonesia stock exchange for the period 2029-2022. The sample in this study is the Financial Statements of Manufacturing Companies in the 2019-2022 goods and consumption industry sub-sector which were taken using purposive sampling method, so that 15 companies were obtained as samples. And using the multiple linear analysis method, classical assumption test, t test (partial test), and the coefficient of determination with the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) v16 software. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that partially the Current Ratio has a positive and significant effect on profit growth, while the Debt to Equity Ratio has a positive and significant effect on profit growth as well as the Total Asset turnover has a positive and significant effect on profit growth in manufacturing companies in the goods and consumer goods industry sub-sector listed on the Indonesian stock exchange for the 2019-2022 period.

Demographic challenges in the context of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of maternity and childhood protection

The article examines current demographic trends in Russia in comparison with population changes based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) and the UN Population Division. The specifi cs of the age structure of the population of Russia, formed by a number of demographic waves, are such that changes in the number of births and the size of age groups occur in waves; this trend will continue in the coming decades. The state policy of the Russian Federation in the fi eld of family support, aimed at increasing the total fertility rate from 1.3 to 1.6 by 2030 and to 1.8 by 2036, should provide for the introduction of new health-preserving and reproductive health protection technologies, the development of childhood infrastructure, antenatal clinics and perinatal centers for high-quality and aff ordable medical care for mothers and children.

Male involvement in infant care and associated factors among infants less than one year in Bibugn district of Ethiopia

Male involvement in infant care is an effective intervention to improve infant health outcomes. However, evidence regarding male involvement in infant care and its associated factors is limited in Ethiopia. To assess the male involvement in infant care and associated factors among infants less than one year in Bibugn district of Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 606 participants from April 1–30/2023. A systematic sampling technique was used to select each study participant. Data was collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were entered into Epi data 4.6 and analyzed using statistical Product Service and Solution (SPSS) version 2 5. Both descriptives, mean, frequency and analytical statistics were employed. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.25 in bivariate logistic regression were entered into a multivariate logistic regression to identify associated factors. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05. The prevalence of male involvement in infant care was 42.2% with a 95% CI (38.26–46.12). Male who did not attend formal education (AOR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.14–0.43), having one child (AOR = 5.66, 95%CI = 2.94–10.88), having male infants (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.60–3.95), first infant order (AOR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.36–5.39), having adequate knowledge towards infant care (AOR = 5.56,95% CI = 0.12–0.28), and having favorable attitude towards infant care (AOR = 1.70,95% CI = 0.34–0.99) were factors associated with male involvement in infant care. Less than 50% ( 50%) of males are involved in their infant care. Educational status of males, number of infants, male infants, male knowledge, and attitude towards infant care were significantly associated with involvement in infant care. Therefore, efforts should be directed at improving males’ educational status, knowledge, and attitude to improve their engagement in caring for their infants.

Assessment of Food Preferences, Eating Practices, and Nutritional Status Among In-school Able and Disabled Adolescents of Ages 10 - 19 Years in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Background: Malnutrition affects school-age children's health, growth, and academic performance. Adolescents often consume unhealthy fast foods and follow crash diets influenced by peers, media, and cultural norms. Adolescents with disabilities, including physical, intellectual, sensory, developmental, and mental health disabilities, may face additional challenges in accessing and maintaining a balanced and nutritious diet as they may face additional barriers. Understanding the unique needs and challenges faced by adolescents with disabilities is crucial in promoting their overall health and well-being. Objectives: The study aimed to compare the nutritional status of able and disabled adolescents in Government Vocational and Technical College and Niger State School of Special Education in Minna, as well as their food preferences, eating practices, and the factors affecting their nutritional status. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design, administering 400 questionnaires to disabled and able students. The responses were 100% collected using self-administered structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed, and results were presented utilizing tables and figures, with a statistical significance level set at P &lt; 0.05. The IBM statistical product and service solutions (IBM SPSS statistics), version 27.0 software was employed for data analysis to explore and understand the food preferences, eating practices, and nutritional status of in-school adolescents with disabilities in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. This approach allowed for a comprehensive assessment of the diverse factors influencing the dietary habits and nutritional well-being of adolescents with disabilities in the study. Results: The study involved 400 participants, with 12.8% aged over 12 years, 50.3% aged 12 - 15 years, and 37.0% above 15 years. Females made up 51.0% of the participants. About 40% of disabled participants had inadequate dietary patterns, compared to 10% of able participants. There was a significant difference in the distribution of BMI groups between the able and disabled subjects (x2 = 26.984, df = 3, P = 0.000). Socio-demographic of the participants based on age and gender showed a significant association with the nutritional status of able adolescents at (χ2 = 44.593, P = 0.000) and (χ2 = 4.650, P = 0.031) respectively and among disabled at (χ2 = 18.303, P = 0.000) and (χ2 = 23.925, P = 0.000) respectively. Conclusions: The study revealed disabled adolescents often skip meals, consume fast foods, and have poor dietary habits. Interventions like education and increased access to healthy food options are needed.

Assessing the development of a human-centered economy in Russia: A methodological approach

Aim. To build and sub stantiate the author’s methodology for assessing the development of human-centered economy. In view of the insufficiency of theoretical and empirical research in the field of formation and development of economy for human beings, the demand for this scientific research is actualized in order to better meet human needs.Objectives. To develop a methodology for assessing the development of human-centered economy; to test it on the example of the Russian Federation (RF), including Russian regions.Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the provisions of the theory of human-centered economy. The methods used include normalization, linear scaling, and “series of information criteria” methods. Visualization of the obtained results was carried out on the basis of spatial modeling software package GeoDA. The information base was the data of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System, the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation, Rospatent for 2018-2022.Results. The methodology for calculating the integral index of human-centered economy development has been developed. It was calculated by integrating 87 specific indices and eight subindices. The process of research revealed that this economic system is at the initial stages of development with isogressive-regressive trajectory, has insignificantly developed constituent components in the form of creative and cognitive spheres.Conclusions. The proposed methodology provides a basis for further scientific research in similar studies, as well as for the formation of targeted measures to support the challenging spheres of human activity and human-centered economy as a whole.

Factors influencing regional disparities in online shopping

Online shopping has grown exponentially in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia) in recent years. This growth has significantly accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, data shows that there are inter-regional disparities in the use of online shopping. This includes intergenerational and rural-urban disparities. This study investigates the factors responsible for inter-regional differences in the development of online shopping in Russia. The author has identified 5 main factors that can influence the development: internet infrastructure (measured by regional expenses for the introduction of digital technologies and the number of connected mobile subscribers), economic wealth (measured by gross regional product), standard of living (measured by the population income), rate of poverty, and the region’s population. The research uses data of the Federal State Statistics Service and Association of Internet Trade Companies to analyse 85 regions in the RF. A multi-level regression analysis has enabled examination of the 5 factors and the contextual influence of 8 federal districts of Russia in level 2. The results show that internet infrastructure, economic wealth, population size, and the 8 federal districts has influenced the development of online shopping in the RF, but standard of living is not statistically significant. The author recommends that policymakers pay attention to these underlying factors.

Pengaruh Kualitas Layanan, Brand Image dan Kepuasan Nasabah terhadap Loyalitas Nasabah di PT. Pegadaian (Persero) Cabang Pemalang

Service quality, brand image, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, pawnshop Abstract. This study aims to examine the influence of service quality, brand image and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty at PT. Pemalang branch pawnshop (case study on UPC Ulujami. The population in this study is customers of PT. Ulujami branch pawnshop totaling 1250 people with a research sample of 95 people. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews and questionnaires.the analysis technique used in this researcher is multiple linear regression using the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) version 22 program used to analyze the data. Based on the results of this study, it shows that (1) service quality has a significant effect on customer loyalty. (2) Brand image affects customer loyalty. (3) Customer satisfaction has a significant effect on customer loyalty. (4) Service quality, brand image and customer satisfaction

Prevalence and Pattern of Labial Frenal Attachments in Adult Nigerians - a Pilot Study

Introduction The frenum is a band of mucous membrane which connects the lips and cheeks to the alveolar mucosa, underlying periosteum, or the gingiva with a primary function of stabilizing the lips and tongue. There are variations of frenal attachment and morphologies, some associated with health, others resulting to loss of periodontium. This study therefore aims to assess the various attachments and morphologies within our study population. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at the Oral Diagnosis and Periodontology clinics of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-Araba among participants who reported to both clinics. Convenience sampling method was employed in participants’ selection, and interviewer-administered questionnaires were used for data collection and documentation of socio-demographic variables, and findings of intra-oral examination. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional Health Research Ethics Committee and informed consent was obtained from each participant. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 27. P values &lt; 0.05 were statistically significant. Results The study comprised 337 participants, 203 (60.2%) were females. Mean age was 34.6±15.2 years. The frenal attachment distribution in the maxilla was mucosal 204 (60.5%), gingival 105 (31.2%), papillary 23 (6.8%), and papillary penetrating 5 (1.5%);while in the mandible, 233 (69.1%), 92 (27.3%), 9 (2.7%) and 3 (0.9%) presented with mucosal, gingival, papillary, and papillary penetrating frenal attachment respectively. Simple frenum was the most prevalent frenum morphology in the maxilla [328 (97.3%)] and the mandible [321 (95.2%)], followed by trifid frenum in both maxilla [5 (1.5%)] and mandible [4 (1.2%)]. Diastema was present in 27.6% in maxilla and 11.0% in the mandible. Conclusion In this study, mucosal type was predominant among all age groups. Males presented more with gingival and mucosal type of frenal insertion, while females presented more with papillary type of frenal insertion. Papillary and/or papillary penetrating were significantly associated with the presence of diastema.

Исследование факторов, определяющих динамику и качество прогнозирования потребительских цен на рыбную продукцию

Using information of the Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Primorsky Territory (Primorskstat), the dynamics of consumer price indices for fishery products in the country as a whole, the Far Eastern Federal District and the Primorsky Territory for 2002-2023, and the dynamics of prices by type of fish products in the Primorsky Territory for 2013-2023 were studied. It is concluded that the cost of fishery products has been steadily increasing throughout the analyzed period, and ahead of the inflation rate. The most intensive increase in the cost of processed fish, cut, more valuable in terms of nutritional characteristics. To determine the reasons for the constant growth, a correlation and regression analysis of the consumer price index for fishery products with other related indicators was carried out. Multicollinear factors were identified and excluded (consumer price index for food, per capita cash income of the population, fish consumption in the Primorsky Territory, industrial production index for the type of activity “Fishing and fish farming”). According to the criteria used in functional analysis, the multiple regression equation compiled using the remaining factors (inflation level and producer price index for fish products) was found to be untenable. As a result of excluding the factor “inflation level”, which had a less close connection with the performance indicator, a pair correlation model was obtained that describes the dependence of the consumer price index on the producer price index of fish products. The synthesized model is recognized as practically significant, and therefore can be used to obtain quantitative estimates of the consumer price index for fish products when forecasting.

Development of Science Diplomacy in the MENA Region: Priorities and Prospects for Cooperation with Russia on the Example of Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates

Introduction. The development of science diplomacy is aimed at promotion of a state’s interests in the international arena. Russia is striving to strengthen cooperation in the field of scientific and technological development, humanitarian exchange with such MENA countries as Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. These countries are of significant interest to Russia due to the long-standing forms of cooperation with them. The main purpose of this study is to identify science diplomacy actors, visually present them taking into consideration the process of science development in these countries and determine prospects of cooperation with Russia. Materials and Methods. In their study, the authors used data from open sources, Russian Federal State Statistics Service reports, UNESCO Science reports, World Bank database. The analysis of development of international science and technology cooperation in the three MENA countries was carried out. The authors used the descriptive method to present the main actors of science diplomacy and visually provide the science diplomacy systems. The developed models of science diplomacy of Saudi Arabia, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates enable Russia to identify the priorities in the field of science diplomacy in the context of geopolitical challenges. Results. The study identified the potential partners of Russia in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt to strengthen international science and technology cooperation. The prospects for cooperation with these countries are fixed in the mutual agreements with Russia. The authors studied the policy of these countries in the field of international scientific and technical cooperation, considered strategic directions for the development of science diplomacy. The created models of science diplomacy reflect the main actors of science diplomacy, as well as the current interrelationship between the three MENA countries and Russia in the field of science and technology. The value of this research lies in the preparation of an extensive analytical base that helps to identify potential partners for Russia among the MENA countries, as well as identify key strategies and directions to stimulate the growth of cooperation and knowledge exchange. Discussion and Conclusion. The research has shown that in the studied Arab countries, there is an active development of scientific diplomacy. The governments of these countries are increasingly turning to science to solve political problems. The MENA region has extensive resources and scientific potential, which makes it attractive for scientific cooperation. The analysis of cooperation with these countries made it possible to identify key strategies and priorities to stimulate the growth of cooperation and knowledge exchange between the MENA countries and Russia.

Spatial Distribution and Environmental Correlates of Cataract and Glaucoma Prevalence in Damaturu LGA, Nigeria

Study’s Excerpt/Novelty This study presents spatial analysis of cataracts and glaucoma within Damaturu Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria, leveraging hospital records from Yobe State University Teaching Hospital to identify demographic distributions and spatial trends of these eye conditions. It employs both Arc Map software and Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) for comprehensive data evaluation, addressing the challenge of string data types in age group records to provide precise demographic insights. The research's emphasis on middle-aged and older individuals' susceptibility and the critical need for targeted healthcare interventions offers new perspectives on managing and mitigating the impact of cataracts and glaucoma in developing regions. Full Abstract The rising prevalence of blindness and vision impairments, particularly due to cataracts and glaucoma, poses significant challenges in developing countries with limited access to essential healthcare services. This paper delves into the spatial analysis of cataracts and glaucoma in Damaturu Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria, aiming to uncover spatial trends and demographic distributions of these eye conditions within the region. Drawing data from Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, where records of patients with Glaucoma and Cataract diseases were periodically documented, the study included a total of 187 patients. An essential aspect of the analysis focused on mapping the age groups affected by cataracts and glaucoma, providing valuable insights into the vulnerability of different age cohorts to these diseases. The data encompassed age groups ranging from 20 to 80 years, with notable concentrations observed between ages 25 to 60 and 25 to 80 years, indicating the higher susceptibility of middle-aged and older individuals. It's noteworthy to mention that due to the nature of data collection at the hospital, the age group values were recorded as string data types, represented by unique values for each case. This necessitates a detailed understanding of the age demographics affected by cataracts and glaucoma to tailor healthcare interventions effectively. To correct any errors or ambiguities, the data was also evaluated and analyzed using the Arc Map software with variables and the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) was also be used for analysis along with the administrative boarders. The study's conclusion underscores the critical need for intensified management and treatment of patients with progressive cataracts and glaucoma cases, emphasizing the importance of optic disc excavation and addressing distorted vision fields. These findings align with previous hospital-based studies, highlighting the ongoing challenges and the imperative for targeted healthcare strategies to address the growing burden of these eye conditions comprehensively. In essence, this research contributes valuable insights into the spatial and demographic aspects of cataracts and glaucoma in Damaturu LGA, advocating for focused healthcare interventions and management protocols to enhance patient outcomes and mitigate the impact of these prevalent eye diseases.

Students’ perception of healthcare services and factors affecting their utilization at a Nigerian University: a cross-sectional study

Healthcare service utilization among university students is critical for ensuring their health and academic success. This study was performed to determine the level of utilization as well as the perception and factors influencing the utilization of healthcare services by students at Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD). This research involved a cross-sectional survey in which a semi-structured online questionnaire was used to collect data and a multistage sampling technique was used to sample the students. The students’ perceptions were converted to scores by summing their responses across the questions. The total score for each student was compared against the midpoint of the possible score range. Perceptions with a total score greater than or equal to 12.5 were categorized as positive, while those with a total score less than 12.5 were categorized as negative. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of healthcare service utilization. Utilization of healthcare services, the key outcome variable, was defined as the frequency with which students accessed available health services. All analyses were carried out using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software. A total of 429 students participated in this study, majority of whom were females (304, 70.9%), with a mean age of 18.9 ± 1.7 years. Three hundred and seventy-five students (87.4%) reported utilizing healthcare services at the university of which 186 (43.4%) reported to occasionally utilize healthcare services in the university. A total of 33.1% perceived that the attitude of staff was poor, while 12.6% strongly disagreed that the healthcare staff were incompetent. Overall, the majority (287, 66.9%) of the students had a negative perception of the utilization of healthcare services. Approximately 16% agreed that the high cost of drugs affects their utilization, while 35.9% agreed that the services provided were too expensive. Predictors of healthcare service utilization included being over 20 years old (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.1–11.6), study level, with fourth-year students having the highest likelihood of utilization (AOR = 13.8, 95% CI: 5.1–37.4), and positive perception of healthcare staff attitude (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.1–5.9). Students from lower-income families (< 200,000 Naira) were significantly more likely to utilize healthcare services (AOR = 39.2, 95% CI: 12.6–121.5). The study revealed that, despite widespread usage of healthcare services, students have a predominantly negative perception of these services. Key factors influencing healthcare utilization include age, study level, attitude of staff and family income. Addressing these barriers through targeted interventions can improve health outcomes and promote equitable access to quality healthcare.

Influence of Communication Strategies on Organizational Performance: A Case of the Office of the Auditor General of State Finances in Rwanda

This research paper investigated the effect of communication strategies on organizational success. It specifically assessed the influence of participatory communication, result-based communication, and multi-channelled communication strategies on the success of the Office of Auditor General of state finances (OAG). The paper applied a descriptive and correlation design with a mixed approach. A sample size of 150 was drawn from a target of 248 workers who participated in various service deliveries in Rwanda. A stratified sampling method was adopted to select a representative group. Primary data was obtained utilizing questionnaire surveys and interviews. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential analysis with the aid of the statistical product and service solutions version 26.0. Results to the first objective felt that that 43.0% agreed with openness, 37.6% with dialogue and consultation, and 34.2% strongly agreed with shared decision-making. It revealed the significant correlation between dialogue and time schedules (r=.206; p-value=.000). To the second objective results show that 38.6% strongly agreed with the articulation of performance expectations and provision of performance feedback was agreed by 47.7%. The research felt that 40.9% agreed that the use of information in problem-solving applied during service delivery. Results demonstrated that the effect on the provision of performance feedback on cost efficiency, time schedules, and service quality, the study ascertained that the provision of performance feedback is statistically significant with cost efficiency (r=0.122*; p-value=0.035). Results to the third objective demonstrated that the number of channels used in delivering messages was used as strongly agreed by 35.2%. It has been shown that 36.9% agreed with the cohesiveness of multi-voiced messages (agree=36.9; strongly agree= 31.5). Results show a significant correlation between the cohesiveness and consistency of multi-voiced messages and time schedules (r=0.105, p-value=0.071). In conclusion, the study concludes that participatory communication is correlated with dialogue and time schedules, and results-driven communication is associated with feedback on cost efficiency, time schedules, and service quality, the study ascertained the provision of performance feedback. This study recommends that OAG human resources personnel should adopt effective communication strategies, to encourage the attainment of expected goals. The study suggested that further studies should gather data from workers, clients as well as stakeholders to enrich empirical literature.

Distribution of The Health Workers in The Tuberculosis Sector, Mongolia: Assessment Results Using the Gini Index

Background: Mongolia was classified as one of the 30 countries with the highest tuberculosis burden by World Health Organization in 2021 and tuberculosis is the first leading cause of mortality among deaths from all communicable diseases in the country. The number and distribution of health workers to provide tuberculosis healthcare services will play an important role in the fight against tuberculosis. However, there has been no quantitative evaluation of the distribution of tuberculosis health workers in Mongolia. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the distribution of health workers in the tuberculosis sector using the Gini index. The results provide quantifiable information for monitoring resource distribution and serve as a basis for informed decision-making on resource allocation, facilitating targeted interventions and equitable healthcare distribution in Mongolia. Methods: Data from the National Center for Communicable Diseases and the National Statistical Information Service of Mongolia was obtained and analyzed. The Gini coefficients were calculated to reflect the inequality of distributions. Results: Total number of health workers in the tuberculosis sector was only 1.29 per 10,000 population. The Gini index values for the distribution of tuberculosis doctors, assistant workers, nurses, and laboratory technicians were at 0.61, 0.67, 0.43, and 0.33 respectively, all showing a range from severe to relative inequality. Conclusions: Findings showed the number and distribution of tuberculosis health workers were both inadequate and unequal and ring the need for proper health system planning. To plan the tuberculosis control and address the high burden of the disease in the country, the human resources situation should be analyzed and handled regularly. Keywords: Mongolia, Tuberculosis, Health workers, Distribution, Gini index

The regional features of digitalization in public administration: experience of the Orel region

Relevance. Russian regions are characterized by varying degrees of readiness for the introduction of digital technologies into the management system, this process often takes place formally and does not imply a significant change in the format of interaction between the population and business, on the one hand, and regional executive authorities, on the other. The study of the specifics of digitalization of public administration will allow to identify "bottlenecks" for improving measures to support digital transformation at the level of the subject of the Russian Federation, to identify and replicate successful experience.The purpose of the article is predetermined by its topic and is to determine the regional features of the digitalization of public administration in the Orel region.Objectives. To achieve this goal, the theoretical, methodological, organizational and regulatory foundations of digitalization of public administration are considered, a comparative analysis of key indicators of digitalization in this area is carried out, the opportunities and threats of digitalization are determined, taking into account the specifics of the socio-economic development of the region under study.Methodology. The materials for the study were official statistics presented on the official websites of the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, compiled by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the “Information Society” section. The main research methods are statistical analysis of data series, comparative analysis, SWOT analysis.Results. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that the basic conditions for the digital transformation of management in the Oryol region have been formed: relevant regional strategies and programs have been developed and are being implemented, benchmarks for their implementation have been established, the system of authorities is functioning and the infrastructure necessary for successful digitalization is being developed. At the same time, there is no list of specific measures necessary for the integration of state regional information systems into federal super services, measures for personnel and financial support for digitalization processes, increasing the level of digital literacy of the population, and intensifying outreach work among the population. Solving these problems will improve the efficiency of the digital transformation of public administration in the Orel region.Conclusions. Regional specifics determine the effectiveness of the digital transformation of public administration in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and therefore regional programs should not only repeat federal initiatives, but also adapt them taking into account the territorial characteristics of socio-economic development.

Restorative Effect of Consuming Red Wine Against Adverse Changes in the Brain of Rodents Exposed to Beer

Objective: There is a surge in the availability of alcoholic products accompanied by a high rate of consumption despite increasing neurological problems. Aim of this study is to determine whether regular intake of brewed beer and red wine affects the microanatomy of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and brain weight. Materials and Methods: 20 male albino Wistar rats were assigned to four groups of five animals each. Group A, the control was given distilled water; Group B was administered 5 mL/kg body weight of beer; Group C received 5 ml/kg of red wine; and Group D was dosed with 5 ml/kg of beer and followed with 5 ml/kg of red wine. Daily treatments by gavage lasted 15 days, and animal subjects were euthanized via cervical dislocation on day 16. Individual brains were collected and weighed using an electronic scale (SF-400) and afterwards dissected to obtain tissue samples from the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, immediately fixed in 10% formalin for micro-anatomic studies. The paraffin embedding method was used for histological preparation while sections were cut at 5 µm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Brain weight was analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) software via one-way analysis of variance. Results: Histopathological changes including intracerebral haemorrhage and loss of pyramidal neurons observed in group B (beer) samples were not visible in Group D (beer plus red wine), while no microstructural changes occurred in group C (red wine) sections when compared with the control. The output of statistical analysis showed a non-significant reduction in brain weight of group B, whereas a significant increase was noticed in group C while group D showed a non-significant increase. Conclusion: These findings indicate that red wine counteracts beer-induced changes in brain morphology, hypothesising the neuroprotective effect of the wine.

СУЧАСНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ВИРОБНИЧОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ НАФТОГАЗОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ УКРАЇНИ

Production in the oil and gas sector, causing the existence of an increased risk of hazards both for the internal and external environment of operation, requires increased attention to the problems of ensuring industrial safety. The issue of ensuring the production safety of the enterprises of the oil and gas complex of Ukraine is particularly relevant in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which has been ongoing since 2014 and is in full-scale phase for the second year in a row, accompanied by significant destruction throughout the country. The problems of improving the functioning of enterprises of the oil and gas complex of Ukraine are constantly in the field of view of researchers, each of whom focuses attention on a certain set of problems and possible ways to solve them. At the same time, more attention is paid to the problem of production safety of oil and gas enterprises from the point of view of its individual components. Thus, the modern domestic scientific discourse does not focus on the problems of production safety of the enterprises of the oil and gas complex, which actualizes the need for research on the specified issues. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the components of industrial safety of enterprises of the oil and gas complex of Ukraine and to determine the problems of its provision in the context of the Ukrainian-Russian war. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was made up of general scientific and special methods of economic science, in particular methods of theoretical generalization and logical abstraction. Analytical materials of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the State Labor Service of Ukraine, the State Statistics Service, the World Bank, the Government of Ukraine and the European Commission were used in the research process and processed using methods of statistical analysis: comparison, grouping, calculation of growth rates etc. The results. The essence of the categories "safety" and "industrial safety" of the enterprise was studied. Existing domestic and foreign approaches to identifying the key components of industrial safety of oil and gas complex enterprises are analyzed. The author's approach to the formation of the composition of industrial safety elements is proposed and the characteristics of each of them are given. The situation with industrial injuries in the industry in the pre-war period was studied and the losses of the sector and ecology as a result of hostilities were analyzed. The peculiarities of modern processes of ensuring industrial safety at the enterprises of the oil and gas complex of Ukraine are substantiated

Relationship between the Human Development Index and public social spending: European experience for Ukraine

This study focuses on the relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and public social expenditures, analyzing socio-economic models using the examples of selected European countries and Ukraine. The study used the values of the HDI, GDP, and indicators of public expenditures for social purposes, namely, healthcare, education, leisure, culture and religion, and social protection for the period from 2010 to 2021. The analysis targeted 13 European countries using data sets from Eurostat, the Office for National Statistics of the United Kingdom, the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. The input time series were checked for lagged values using the STATISTICA software.Empirical evidence suggests a relationship between HDI and public social spending. An increase in the share of public social expenditures in GDP leads to an increase in HDI and vice versa. European countries with a social-democratic model of development have the highest level of centralization of public expenditure in GDP (34.72%) and the highest HDI (0.930), while countries belonging to the Southern European model have the lowest share of socially oriented public expenditure (30.41%) and the lowest HDI (0.873). In addition, there is a time lag between the investment of public funds in healthcare, education, leisure, culture and religion, and social protection and their impact on HDI changes. Thus, ensuring a high level of HDI is achieved, among other things, through state financial support for the relevant components of the social sphere and social protection. AcknowledgmentThe study is funded by the EU NextGenerationEU through the Recovery and Resilience Plan for Slovakia under project No. 09I03-03-V01-00130.