Statistical Product And Service Solutions Research Articles

PENGARUH PEMASARAN MEDIA SOSIAL DAN PENJUALAN PRIBADI TERHADAP KESADARAN MEREK

The twentieth-century technological development has brought innovation in financial sector through the emergence of financial technology, colloquially referred to as fintech. One of the peer-to-peer lending companies in Indonesia is PT SimpleFi Teknologi Indonesia, or AwanTunai. According to Techinasia, fintech startups have grown rapidly during the last few years, but most consumers do not realize it. The objective of this quantitative explanatory research is to identify the partial effects of social media marketing and personal selling on brand awareness. From the population of Indonesian entrepreneurs who know about AwanTunai, 110 people were selected as the respondents through the use of purposive sampling. The data was harvested online via Google Forms and was analyzed using multiple linear regression in Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) 24,0 for Windows. This study finds that social media marketing and personal selling positively and significantly influence the brand awareness. Therefore, the social media marketing and personal selling organized by AwanTunai have created brand awareness among entrepreneurs. However, the company needs to improve their consistency in posting content in social media, promote openness in its communication, and provide trainings for its sales representatives so that the awareness of entrepreneurs to AwanTunai increases.

The Correlation between Breakfast Consumption and the Probability of Developing Alzheimer’s Disease in Bangkok Population

Alzheimer’s disease, which is the most common form of dementia, is known to be widely prevalent in the worldwide population, including Thailand. The incidence of this illness in Thailand is increasing rapidly and is expected to reach a million by 2030 (Doungkaew & Taneepanichskul, 2014). We are concerned that this rise is caused by the trend during these modern days, where skipping breakfast is becoming more popular due to time constraints. Hence, we conducted a survey research by providing questionnaires to 180 individuals of all ages across Bangkok, asking for their frequency in consuming breakfast per week and their likelihood in having Alzheimer’s. This was done through an online platform, Google Form. To test whether the two aforementioned variables are correlated with one another, Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program version 29 was used for data analysis. One-Way ANOVA (F-test) was used to determine the significance between age group and the risk of getting Alzheimer’s. The result showed that age is a significant factor which can promote the illness. Age 41 and above tend to have a stronger probability in developing the disease because of the easier spread of a protein called tau-protein, which is involved in causing Alzheimer’s disease (Wegmann et al., 2019). Pearson’s correlation test has shown that there is a negative correlation between the frequency of breakfast consumption and the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. This is likely due to low blood sugar levels and lack of beneficial nutrients contained in breakfast . In the future, we hope that this research could be beneficial to other people by raising awareness on this particular topic regarding the importance of frequency of breakfast consumption in reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease.

ANALISIS HUBUNGAN DAN PENGARUH DAN PENGARUH LINGKUNGA KERJA DAN DISIPLIN KERJA TERHADAP KINER-JA KARYAWAN PADA PT. JAYA BERSAMA SAPUTRA PERKASA ATAU FORTRESS

This study aims to determine the relationship and influence of the work environment and work discipline on the performance of employees of PT. Jaya with Saputra Mighty. This study used a quantitative descriptive method with a sample of 113 people who were all employees of PT. Jaya with the mighty Saputra. Data col-lection uses a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis techniques were performed using non-parametric statistics, data processing using SPSS (statistical product and service solu-tion) IMB version 26. The results of the research based on the t test on the work environment and work disci-pline show that: 1) the work environment relationship has a positive and significant effect on employee per-formance at PT. Jaya Bersama Saputra Perkasa. 2) the relationship of work discipline has a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Jaya Bersama Saputra Perkasa. 3) the relationship be-tween work environment and work discipline has a positive and significant influence simultaneously on the performance of employees at PT. Jaya Bersama Saputra Perkasa.

Profitability and Leverage Effect on Firm Value with Corporate Social Responsibility as Moderating Variable in Manufacturing Company

This research aims to determine the effect of profitability and leverage on firm value using corporate social responsibility as moderating variable in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018-2020 period. A total of 168 samples selected from 56 companies during the research period using purposive sampling method. Research data obtained from secondary data, namely company’s annual report which are routinely published by companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange every year. Also, Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25 was used to process the data. The results showed that profitability and leverage had a significant positive effect on firm value. Corporate social responsibility as moderating variable has a significant effect on the relationship between profitability and firm value, but has no effect on the relationship between leverage and firm value.

Profitability and Leverage Effect on Firm Value with Corporate Social Responsibility as Moderating Variable in Manufacturing Company

This research aims to determine the effect of profitability and leverage on firm value using corporate social responsibility as moderating variable in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018-2020 period. A total of 168 samples selected from 56 companies during the research period using purposive sampling method. Research data obtained from secondary data, namely company’s annual report which are routinely published by companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange every year. Also, Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 25 was used to process the data. The results showed that profitability and leverage had a significant positive effect on firm value. Corporate social responsibility as moderating variable has a significant effect on the relationship between profitability and firm value, but has no effect on the relationship between leverage and firm value.

Gender-based planning of meals at the household level in Ghana

Planning is important for the management and sustainable use of resources. To ensure sustainable quality meals, there is the need to plan meals in the home. Planning of meals can best be achieved if gender, especially, women who are the key people responsible for meals in the home, are involved. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the determinants of gender-based meal planning and the frequency of meals in Ghana using structured questionnaires and a multistage sampling technique. A total of 3521 households were interviewed across fourteen regions of Ghana, to identify how males and females plan their meals at the household level, and the key players involved in the choice of meals in the home. The country is stratified into regions and the regions further stratified into urban, peri-urban and rural areas. Purposive sampling was used to select households for the survey considering social classes and livelihoods of the people in the communities. Data obtained were entered in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 16 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY) for analysis using the Pearson’s chi square at a P-value of 0.05 to determine statistical differences between gender. Associations between factors that influence frequencies of meals were determined by Cramér's V. Findings showed that, women are mostly responsible for meals at the household level. The study also showed that most Ghanaian households eat three times per day, but their meals are often not planned. Furthermore, the findings of the study suggest that educational attainment and income do not have significant impact on the frequency of meals and gender-based planning of meals in the home. The study showed that 67.41% of households involved in the study were headed by men but those responsible for cooking were mostly women (63.71%). Only a few households planned their meals. Of these, women were mostly responsible for the provision of meals. Therefore, it is important to consider gender in the planning of meals to ensure good nutrition and food availability to the household throughout the year. Key words: food quality, food security, gender, household meal, nutrition, planning, women

PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT PADA PERUSAHAAN TELEKOMUNIKASI

This research aimed to find out, examine, and analyze the effect of the commissionaires’boardsize,independent commissionaires’board, audit committee, and institution ownership structure on the disclosure of management risk at the Telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange(IDX).The population was Telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 up to 2021, consisting of 11 companies. Furthermore,the data collection technique used non-probability sampling, in which all the members of the population were the sample. Moreover, the data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) 25. The research result showed that the independent commissionaires’ board,audit committee, and institution ownership structure had a positive and significant effect on the disclosure of management risk at the Telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017 - 2021. On the other hand,commissionaires ’board size had a negative and insignificant effect on the disclosure of management risk at the Telecommunication companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2017-2021.
 
 Keywords: Commissionaires’ Board Size, Independent Commissionaires’ Board Audit Committee, Institution Ownership Structure, Disclosure of Management Risk

Studi Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Tax Avoidance

This study aims to examine empirical evidence about the factors that influence tax avoidance. The factors used in this study are profitability, leverage, liquidity, and sales growth as independent variables. Tax avoidance is measured using the cash effective tax rate as the dependent variable. This research does not only discuss profitability, liquidity, leverage, and sales growth that affect tax avoidance. However, it also analyzes whether there are significant differences in tax avoidance in 2019 and 2020 for manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). A sample of 58 manufacturing companies was obtained based on predetermined criteria. The analytical method used is multiple regression and paired sample t-test with the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) application version 26. The results show that profitability in 2019 has an effect on tax avoidance, and for 2020 profitability has no effect on tax avoidance, leverage in 2019 and 2020 has no effect on tax avoidance, liquidity in 2019 and 2020 has no effect on tax avoidance, sales growth in 2019 and 2020 has no effect on tax avoidance, and there is no difference in tax avoidance in 2019 with 2020.

Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging in neurovascular bundle injury during total hip arthroplasty.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in neurovascular bundle injury during total hip arthroplasty. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the hip joints of 429 patients were reviewed. The distances on the left and right sides were measured and recorded using small, hydrophilic gadolinium (III)-based chelates as contrast agents. The data were analyzed and handled using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The results showed that each measured distance in males was longer than in females, on both right and left sides (p<0.001). The coefficient of determination (R2) of the influencing factors on the three distances was found to be 0.162, 0.038, and 0.104, respectively, in multiple linear regressions. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient also suggested that there was a significant correlation (p<0.05). This study demonstrates that MRI can be a valuable diagnostic tool for neurovascular bundle injury during total hip arthroplasty. The gender difference in the measured distances indicates that sex should be considered when interpreting MRI findings.

EFEKTIVITAS PENGELOLAAN KEARSIPAN PADA DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN SUKABUMI

The title of the research is "The Effectiveness of Archives Management at the Population and Civil Registration Department of Sukabumi Regency". The research was aimed at finding out archives management effectiveness at the Population and Civil Registration Department of Sukabumi Regency. The method used in the research was quantitative method with descriptive approach. The techniques of collecting data conducted in the research were observation, questionnaire, interview and documentation. The population in the research were employees of the Population and Civil Registration Department of Sukabumi Regency. The technique of sampling deployed in the research was purposive sampling using the Slovin formula with a precision of 5% obtaining samples amounted to 66 employees. The technique of processing data in the research used SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) 25 in order to determine the validity and reliability of data, as well as hypothesis testing. The results of the research show that the effectiveness of archives management at the Population and Civil Registration Department of Sukabumi Regency gains a percentage of 83.45%; thus, the hypothesis testing obtains a value of tcount 79.271 &gt; ttable 1.66864. Therefore, H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The results indicate that the Effectiveness of Archives Management at the Population and Civil Registration Department of Sukabumi Regency is considered very effective.

The applied value in brain gray matter nuclei of patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease : a study based on multiple magnetic resonance imaging techniques

PurposeThis study compares the observation efficiency of brain gray matter nuclei of patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease among various Magnetic Resonance Imaging techniques, which include susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), quantitative susceptibility imaging (QSM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI). Based on the findings, this study suggests an efficient combination of scanning techniques for brain gray matter nuclei observation, aiming to provide an opportunity to advance the understanding of clinical diagnosis of early-stage Parkinson’s disease.MethodsForty examinees, including twenty patients who were clinically diagnosed with early Parkinson’s disease with a course of 0.5-6 years (PD group) and twenty healthy controls (HC group), underwent head MRI examination. Philips 3.0T (tesla) MR machine was used to measure the imaging indexes of gray matter nuclei in patients with early Parkinson’s disease. SWI, QSM, DTI and DKI were used for diagnosis. SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) 21.0 was used for data analysis.ResultsWhen SWI was used, fifteen PD patients and six healthy volunteers were diagnosed correctly. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic coincidence rate about the diagnosis of nigrosome-1 on imaging were 75.0%, 30.0%, 51.7%, 54.5% and 52.5% respectively. By contrast, when QSM was used, 19 PD patients and 11 healthy volunteers were diagnosed correctly. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic coincidence rate about the diagnosis of Nigrosome-one on imaging were 95.0%, 55.0%, 67.9%, 91.7% and 75.0% respectively. The mean kurtosis (MK) value within both the substantia nigra and thalamus, together with the mean diffusivity (MD) within both the substantia nigra and the head of caudate nucleus in PD group was greater than that of HC group. The susceptibility values within the substantia nigra, red nucleus, head of caudate nucleus and putamen of PD group was greater than that of HC group. The MD value in substantia nigra reveals the optimal diagnostic efficiency to distinguish the HC group and the PD group, followed by the MK value in substantia nigra. Specifically, the maximum area under ROC curve (AUC) of the MD value was 0.823, the sensitivity 70.0%, the specificity 85.0%, and the diagnostic threshold 0.414. The area under ROC curve (AUC) of the MK value was 0.695, the sensitivity 95.0%, the specificity 50.0%, and the diagnostic threshold was 0.667. Both of them were statistically significant.ConclusionsIn the early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease, QSM is more efficient than SWI in observing nigrosome-1 in substantia nigra. In the early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease, MD and MK values of substantia nigra in DKI parameters have higher diagnostic efficiency. The combined scanning of DKI and QSM has the highest diagnostic efficiency and provides imaging basis for clinical diagnosis of early Parkinson’s disease.

Hubungan Self Control dengan Perilaku Off Task Siswa di UPTD SMPN 1 Kecamatan Situjuah Limo Nagari Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota

Students turn their attention away, students fail to complete assignments, students do not have motivation to learn, and students are not ready to participate in class activities. The purpose of this study was to see whether there is a relationship between self control and off task behavior. This type of research uses a quantitative approach that is correlational which looks at the relationship between two different variables. The population in this study were grades VIII 2, VIII 3, VIII 4 at UPTD SMPN 1, Situjuah Limo Nagari District, Lima Puluh Kota District with a total of 28 students. The research sample consisted of 28 students who were taken using the total sampling technique. Data was collected using a Likert scale instrument and using simple statistics. Correlation of research variables using the r spearmen browt formula, with data analysis techniques using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 22.00. The results showed that the results of the normality test were said to be normally distributed in the correlation test, obtained rcount, 0.608 while rtable with degree of freedom (df) = 28 was obtained with the number 0.374 at a significant level of 0.05, it can be seen that the correlation index (rxy) rcount 0.608 &gt; rtable 0.374, which means that ha is accepted and ho is rejected, meaning that there is a significant relationship between self-control and off-task behavior at UPTD SMPN 1, Situjuah Limo Nagari District, Fifty City District. The correlation that occurs between self control and off task behavior is r = 608 which is located at 0.60-0.799.

Effects of FIFA 11+ program on speed, body balance and leg muscle power to prevent injury among football club university player

Introduction. Football is the most popular sport in Indonesia. In a football match, the game lasts 2 x 45 minutes. However, football players are often injured due to collisions and errors in landing after jumping. Some factors that increase the occurrence of injuries are poor leg muscle power, poor balance, and poor running speed. FIFA created FIFA 11+ as a training program to guard against sports-related injuries to football players. However, although there has been quite a lot of research related to the FIFA 11+ training program in Indonesia, there still needs to be more research on the provision of the FIFA 11+ training program. Purpose. This study aims to determine the effect of the FIFA 11+ training program on body balance, speed, and leg muscle power. Methods. This experimental study has a one-group pretest and posttest design. The research was conducted at the Muhammadiyah University Football Club in Purwokerto, Indonesia. The population sample consists of 42 boys between the ages of 18 and 23. FIFA 11+ practice is provided over 4 weeks (2 sessions in 1 week). The data obtained was then tested for Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regression correlation tests using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) application version 26. Results. The results showed that after the FIFA 11+ training program, there was a significant increase in body balance, lower leg muscle power, and speed. This was proven in the effect test, with SPSS showing results of p &lt; 0.05. Conclusion. Based on the results and discussion above, the FIFA 11+ program significantly increases body balance, leg muscle power, and running speed.

Stakeholders’ Participation and Performance of Donor Funded Projects in Rwanda. A Case of Schools and System Project in Save the Children

The general objective of this study was to assess the effect of stakeholders’ participation on the performance of donor-funded projects in Rwanda. Specifically, the study seeks to find out the effect of passive participation of stakeholders on the performance of schools and system project implemented by Save the Children in Rwanda, investigate the effect of interactive participation of stakeholders on the performance of schools and system project implemented by Save the Children in Rwanda, and evaluate the effect of functional participation of stakeholders on the performance of schools and system project implemented by Save the Children in Rwanda. The survey design collected data via the use of questionnaires, while the correlational approach investigated the connection between the variables under consideration. The target population of this study was 126, including 24 schools and system project staff, 72 Save the Children staff at district level, and 30 District education offers. The Solvin formula yielded a sample size of 96. The clusters were chosen based on the positions and categories of stakeholders in schools and system project to save children. The following tools were used to collect data for the study: a questionnaire and documentation research. To analyze the gathered data, the researcher used both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques to show the effect and relationship between the variables. The statistics were computed by Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 23. It was shown that Passive participation (p=0.832) is not statistically significant in the&nbsp;performance of schools and system project implemented by Save the Children in Rwanda, while interactive participation (p = 0.000) and functional participation (p= 0.000) are statistically significant in the performance of schools and system projects implemented by Save the Children in Rwanda. Therefore, this study recommends that Save the Children establish mechanisms to monitor and evaluate stakeholder performance, holding them accountable for fulfilling their roles and responsibilities while also recognizing and rewarding their contributions. Key words: Stakeholders’ participation, Passive participation, Interactive participation, Functional participation, Project performance&nbsp

Pengaruh Kepribadian, Lingkungan Keluarga Dan Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Pada Siswa Kelas X OTKP SMKN 2 Cikarang Barat

This research is motivated by the low interest in entrepreneurship among class X students of SMKN 2 Cikarang Barat. This study aims to determine the influence of personality, family environment and entrepreneurship education on interest in entrepreneurship in class X students of SMKN 2 Cikarang Barat. This study used a survey method with a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The collected data were analyzed using tools in the statistical application program, namely Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The population consisted of 112 students from class X SMKN 2 Cikarang Barat. In this study, it was found that personality, family environment and entrepreneurship education had a positive and significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship in class X students of SMKN 2 Cikarang Barat.

PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA DAN IKLIM ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS KOPERASI, PERINDUSTRIAN DAN PERDAGANGAN KOTA BIMA

This study aims to determine the effect of work motivation and organizational climate on performance. The approach used in this research is using an associative approach. The sample in this study was 40 respondents. The data collection techniques used were observation, questionnaires, and literature study. Data analysis techniques used were validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficients, coefficients of determination, t tests, and F tests processed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 20 program. The results showed that work motivation (X1) and organizational climate (X2) and simultaneously have a significant effect on consumer purchasing decisions at Hokky Mart Bima with an effect of 52%.

Pengaruh Corporate Governance Index terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan

This study aims to determine the effect of the corporate governance index on the company’s financial performance. The population in this study were all companies registered in the corporate governance perception index (CGPI) rating program conducted by the independent agency the indonesian institute for corporate governance (IICG) in 2017-2021, totalling 63 companies using a purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used is documentation. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression analysis. The data was processed using the statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) program version 26. The result showed that the corporate governance index had a positive and significant effect on the company’s financial performance. &#x0D; Keywords: Corporate Governance Index, Financial Performance

Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Periodontal Health Status in Down Syndrome Patients: A Comparative Study.

Introduction Periodontal diseases, caused by gram-negative bacteria, often begin as gingivitis and can progress to periodontitis, characterized by inflammation extending to the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) commonly exhibit poorer oral hygiene and a higher prevalence of severe chronic periodontitis. This study aimed to identify unregulated risk factors in DS that contribute to increased periodontal breakdown. Materials and methods We conducted a study with 60 age-matched patients, including 20 DS patients from Balavihar Special School and 40 systemically healthy patients with and without periodontitis from Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital. We collected patients' complete case histories and blood samples for evaluating matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) levels. All patients underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy, and the samples were processed at the Central Research Laboratory at Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital. We calculated each group's mean and standard deviation and compared them using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests, followed by post hoc (Tukey honestly significant difference) multiple group comparisons. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. (Chicago: SPSS Inc.). Results The mean value of MMP8 in the DS group with chronic periodontitis was -18.1895, which was statistically significant (P<.001) compared to the mean value of -20.3720 in systemically healthy subjects with chronic periodontitis and -21.7120 in systemically healthy controls. Similarly, the mean value of MMP9 in the DS group with chronic periodontitis was 18.6455, which was statistically significant (P<.001) compared to the mean values of 19.8540 in systemically healthy subjects with chronic periodontitis and 25.2505 in systemically healthy controls. These findings indicate that DS subjects exhibit increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines MMP8 and MMP9, serving as markers for identifying periodontal disease. The mean differences in MMP8 and MMP9 in the DS group with chronic periodontitis showed highly statistically significant levels compared to both systemically healthy groups. Conclusion This study aimed to identify unregulated risk factors in DS that contribute to increased periodontal breakdown. Our findings revealed elevated MMP8 and MMP9 in DS patients with periodontitis, indicating an increased risk for early development of destructive forms of periodontal disease in this population. Extensive gingival tissue inflammation, bleeding on probing, increasing probing depths, loss of periodontal attachment, and alveolar bone loss are all common symptoms.

Komparasi Penerimaan Pajak Hotel, Pajak Restoran Dan Pajak Hiburan Sebelum Dan Setelah Adanya Pandemi Covid-19

This research is intended to compare the receipts of Hotel Taxes, Restaurant Taxes, and Entertainment Taxes at the Mojokerto Regency before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research uses a quantitative method by testing secondary data sources in the form of Receipts Realization Reports on Hotel Taxes, Restaurant Taxes, and Entertainment Taxes in Mojokerto Regency for the 2018–2021 period with saturated sampling. Data are processed using Paired Sample T-tests with the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program. This research proves that the first hypothesis, with the alleged significant difference in Hotel Tax receipts before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mojokerto, can be accepted. Then, the second hypothesis with the allegation that the significant difference in Restaurant Tax receipts before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mojokerto Regency is not acceptable, And the third hypothesis is that the alleged significant difference in Entertainment Tax receipts before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in Mojokerto Regency can be accepted.

A Study on the Effect of Participating in Tutorial Courses on Happiness During the Summer Break of Thai High School Students in Bangkok

During the semester break of high school years, one of the most common activities of students is taking tutorial courses, as most students consider this interval to be the preparation time for entering their dream school. The attitude of each student toward tutorial courses is very different; some are very happy to attend, while others are not happy at all. Happiness plays an essential role in high school students’ lives during the summer break since happiness helps students relax and also increases their productivity. Thus, we are curious about the effect of tutorial courses on the happiness of Thai high school students in Bangkok. In order to determine the correlation between these two factors, we decided to conduct a cross-sectional survey. The data was collected by sending questionnaires about the effect of participation in tutorial courses on happiness to students in various high schools in Bangkok. We received a total of 324 respondents, who are from various types of high schools, including public, private, international, and home schools. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) was used for data analysis. The results show no significant relationship between tutorial courses and happiness, which include: 1) the number of tutoring hours taken per day (P-value = 0.342), 2) the duration of the semester breaks (P-value = 0.727), 3) the number of days to take tutorial courses in a week (P-value = 0.319), and 4) the type of tutorial courses taken (P-value = 0.221). This research has most of the respondents studying in public schools and studying in grade 12, so this might be the reason that extra tutorial classes do not affect happiness. This research helps us understand whether there is a relationship between happiness and taking tutorial courses during summer break, and also provides us with information for further research.