Statistical Package For Social Sciences Research Articles

The Impact of Rail Transport Infrastructure on Residential Property Rental Values in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria

On a global scale, numerous research studies have been embarked upon to show the level of relationship between transport facilities and residential rental values. This study dwelt on the various aspects of rail infrastructure and how it impacts on residential rental values. To accomplish the aim, questionnaires were distributed to head of households and practicing Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Kubwa, Nigeria. Physical observation also aided the researcher in data gathering. Data were interpreted using tables and percentage while Karl Pearson product moment correlation with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences was employed for data analysis. From the correlation analysis the result revealed that the value of r (Pearson correlation) is 0.751 which indicates strong relationship. The p-value (.001) was less than 0.05 significant level. It was confirmed that the rail transport infrastructure has significant impact on residential rental values in Kubwa, Abuja. This translates to growth in rental values. The study recommended government initiatives on the rail system which directly increases the quantity of optimum rail lines of high-frequency metro lines resulting to a substantial increase in real estate values. This study has provided firsthand information and guide for property investors, estate surveyors, built environment professionals as well as government agencies on the importance of rail infrastructure and the various ways it can positively or negatively affect rental values.

Status of Handover Practice of Postoperative Patient from Operating Room to Postanaesthesia Care Unit in Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute Operating Theatre Recovery Room

Background: Postoperative period is a time of significant physiological flux, patient recover from the acute derangements resulting from anaesthesia and surgery. On arrival at PACU, the patient is re-evaluated by the anaesthesia provider gives a handover to the responsible PAC provider. Incomplete handover increase risk of morbidity and mortality to patients. Objective: Study assessed the handover practice of postoperative patient from operating room to post-anaesthesia care unit in Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute operating theatre recovery room. Methodology: This was a hospital based cross-sectional observational study which was conducted at Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute Hospital located at Upanga. Handover conducted by Anaesthetic Provider to PACU nurse in the Recovery rooms were Observed and information communicated were marked using SBAR handover checklist. Then anaesthetic providers and PACU nurse were surveyed to know which item in the checklist was relevant to be communicated during handover. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS version 23). Results: 319 PACU handover were observed. 17.5% of the handover were completed and rated as Good, 50.8% were satisfactory and 31.7% poorly completed. Most communicated items were Vital Sign 90.6%, Operation Underwent 86.8% and Type of anaesthesia 85.9% and the least was ASA 24.5%. Items providers thought should be communicated were Name of the patient (0.954), Age and Gender (0.938), Type of Anaesthesia (0.925). Among the Anaesthetic Provider Cadre Physician Providers provided Good and Satisfactory handover compared to Nurse Provider. Conclusion: Majority of the handover were satisfactorily completed, with Vital Sign, type of anaesthesia and Operation underwent being the most communicated items in checklist.

Assuring the Sustainability and Growth of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises in Botswana: An Exploratory Study

This paper explored the factors that impact the sustainability and growth of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Botswana. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to survey 348 owners/managers of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) in the South Eastern District of Botswana. Descriptive and inferential statistics were generated from the gathered data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Version 27.0). findings revealed that entrepreneurial factors, firm-specific factors and exogenous factors impacted the growth and sustainability of manufacturing firms in Botswana. In addition, government policies and guidelines, innovation and creativity, human capital development, access to finance, financial management skills and managerial skills were also confirmed as significantly contributing to the growth and sustainability of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises in Botswana. Key recommendations derived from these findings include the need for policymakers in the government of Botswana and private sector partners to upskill owners/managers of manufacturing enterprises on business planning, financial management, financial literacy, quality management, and market research skills. Furthermore, efforts should be accelerated to promote products manufactured in Botswana to regional and global markets.

Practice of Low Flow Anaesthesia and Volatile Agents Choices among Anaesthesia Providers at Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute

With the availability of modern workstations and heightened awareness of the Health services cost and environmental effects of waste anaesthesia gases, anaesthesia providers worldwide are practicing low flow anaesthesia. In most developing countries Low Flow Anaesthesia is still underutilized due to lack of monitoring equipments and sufficient knowledge. Tanzania appears to have a paucity of studies on the prevailing practice pattern of fresh gas flow. Objective; The study aimed at assessing the practice of low flow anaesthesia and volatile agents choices among anaesthesia providers at Muhimbili national hospital and Muhimbili orthopaedic institute. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for a period of 8 months involving 158 anaesthesia providers. A Structured questionnaire was used to collect data which included demographic, practice setting of Low Flow Anaesthesia, Workstations, scavenging, monitoring equipments, Volatile agents routinely used and preferred Agent. Data were analysed using the IBM Statistical package for social science’s version 23.0. Result: Prevalence of Low flow anaesthesia was 27.2%, however, only 6% used the fresh gas flow of 1l/min – 500mls/min. All anaesthesia providers had workstations and only 2.3% displayed Minimum Alveolar concentration (MAC), 79.1% worked in theatre with functioning scavenging systems, 55.8% used capnography, 6.9% monitored inspiratory Oxygen and none of anaesthesia providers used Bispectral and Agent Analyzers. Isoflurane was the most routinely used inhalational agents (100%) followed by Sevoflurane (69%), then Halothane (32%). Desflurane still not available in these hospitals. Conclusion: Low flow anaesthesia is seldom practiced in our locality despite having strong evidence of attractive advantages in medical practice and ergonomics.

Exploring the Functionality of Technology-driven CPR Training Methodologies Among Healthcare Practitioners: A Randomized Control Pilot Study.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training in Malaysia has evolved from traditional to modern approaches, embracing technology for better outcomes. Smartphone-based training apps offer interactive learning with simulations and real-time feedback, improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills anytime, anywhere. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the smart-cardiopulmonary resuscitation application for healthcare practitioners. This randomized controlled pilot study was conducted with 30 healthcare practitioners at the University of Malaysia Sabah. Participants underwent a Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Practical formal educational training program, and data were collected using a Basic Life Support questionnaire and skills assessment checklist sourced from the American Heart Association (2020). Data analysis was conducted utilizing repeated analysis of variance and the Cochran 'Q' test supported by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences statistical software. The control and intervention groups showed improved knowledge and skills from pre-to post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses; a significant increase was observed in the intervention group compared to the control group. The F-test indicated a significant time-group effect (F-stat (df) = 16.14 (2), p = 0.01). Cochran's 'Q' test also revealed significant changes in the proportion of healthcare practitioners passing their skills assessments over time (2 = 14.90, control 01). The smart-cardiopulmonary resuscitation application is convenient for refreshing cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills and maintaining proficiency. While it doesn't replace formal cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses, it saves healthcare practitioners and the community time and money. Both groups showed improved cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge and skills, with the intervention group using the smart-cardiopulmonary resuscitation application showing higher success rates after two months. Adopting smartphone-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation training with comprehensive content is recommended.

Effect of Differentiated Instructional Approach on Learners' Participation and Academic Achievement in Biology in Public Secondary Schools in Mbeere North Sub-County, Kenya

Secondary school education forms the academic foundation for the acquisition of knowledge in higher institutions. Science Education is the bedrock for technological advancement in Kenya and the world at large. Biology is a key science subject and forms the foundation of various fields; therefore, it is an essential discipline. The performance of students in Biology has generally been low for the last few years. The ordinary Conventional Instructional Approach used by teachers in increasingly diverse classrooms may have contributed to the minimal performance. This study aimed to assess the effect of the Differentiated Instructional Approach (DIA) on Learner Participation and Academic Achievement in Biology in Public Secondary Schools. Quasi-Experimental Research Design was used in particular, Solomon Four Control Group Design. The target population was 2405 form two Biology students. Purposive sampling was used to select 8 Co-educational County Secondary Schools with a sample size of 360 students. Simple random sampling was used to select and assign the participating schools to Experimental and Control groups. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data, while the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 was used for data analysis. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in all three hypotheses, with the first objective giving (F117.220, p<0.05), the second objective giving (F 54.049, p ˂ 0.05) while the third objective gave (F 65.417, p < 0.05) significant values. The results indicated that learners subjected to the Differentiated Instructional Approach did better than those instructed using Conventional Teaching Approaches. The study also concluded that DIA improved learners' Participation and Academic Achievement. The findings of this study would be significant to curriculum developers, educators, administrators and will also contribute to the knowledge base for the Differentiated Instructional Approach, forming the basis for further research

Leveraging on the fourth industrial revolution by African accountants in the sustenance of SDGs and AU Agenda 2063

AbstractThe research sought to assess the use of 4IR technologies by the accountancy profession in Africa in the sustenance of SDGs and AU Agenda 2063. The investigation adopted a pragmatic approach, associated with mixed‐methodological approach. The target population for the study was 114,800 Professional Accountancy Organisations (PAOs) members from all 44 countries in Africa who were members of the Pan African Federation of Accountants (PAFA). Online questionnaires and telephone interviews were administered to gather data. A total of 267 responses were received out of 114,800 members representing 0.23% of the population. Forty‐eight accountants were interviewed by telephone using the snowball sampling technique. Quantitative data gathered from online questionnaires was analysed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 and ATLAS.ti 9 was used to analyse responses from interviews. The study showed that accountants in Africa had heard about 4IR technologies, with the Internet of Things (IoT) mostly used and known by accountants. The study established that 4IR technologies improved the standard of living, reduced social marginalisation, eased manual work, improved agricultural productivity, reduced environmental pollution, improved health services, financial inclusion and knowledge sharing. These benefits are critical for achieving SDGs and the African Agenda 2063. Accountants are recommended to continuously train and retrain on new and trending technologies like computerised audits, big data analytics, machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics, bitcoin and its risks in the monetary systems, cyber security in the 4IR era, cloud computing and information management systems to sustain SDGs and AU Agenda 2063.

Does Critical Thinking Mediate the Relationship between Sustainability Knowledge and Tourism Students’ Ability to Make Sustainable Decisions?

The complex and critical global issues of the 21st century resulting from the unsustainable growth of tourism and hospitality, like air, land, and water pollution, have exacerbated concerns over whether educational institutions equip future managers and employees with adequate skills to meet the new demands of the current era. These ever-growing global sustainability issues stemming from the sophisticated interactions between people and the planet have no simple answers. They require well-skilled critical thinkers disposed of analyticity and systematicity to consider them and make positive contributions through their sustainable decisions. Despite this recognition, there are limited studies of the tourism and hospitality industry focusing on this crucial topic, and it is unclear how sustainability knowledge may result in more sustainable decision-making abilities. Accordingly, the current study proposed a model that links tourism and hospitality students’ sustainability knowledge to their sustainable tourism decision-making, testing the mediating role of critical thinking. Applying a quantitative research design, the researchers used a self-administered online survey to collect data from 146 full-time tourism students in Northern Cyprus. The PROCESS plug-in for the statistical package for social sciences was used to test the hypotheses of this study. The result of this study revealed that sustainability knowledge and critical thinking play significant roles in students’ sense of sustainable tourism competency and their sustainable tourism decision-making power. This study discusses how critical thinking serves as a mediating factor between knowledge of environmental sustainability, perceived competency in sustainable tourism, and sustainable decision-making ability. This study offers a more nuanced view of critical thinking’s function in terms of converting knowledge into sustainable tourism practices.

Engaging students through activity-based bingo games in immunology course: Determining students’ perception and measuring its influence on academic performance

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate how well bingo game-based activities serve as instructional tools to enhance student learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. The study sample size was 145 MD3 year college of medicine students for the academic year 2023–2024. The evaluation instruments included the participants’ exam grades, pre-test scores, post-test scores, and feedback. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative research methods to investigate how students perceived and interacted with the bingo game-based activity. The data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. The association between exam and post-test scores was examined using the correlation coefficient and a straightforward regression analysis. The P value of less than 0.05 was deemed significant. RESULTS: The study comprised 145 students in total who completed all the tasks. The post-test scores (10.62 ± 1.73) showed a statistically significant improvement (P < 0.01) over the pre-test scores (6.3 ± 1.99). Most students (85–90%) thought that activities centered around bingo games were great tools for learning. Nine out of ten students said the game-based activity was engaging and enjoyable, that it inspired them to engage in group discussions, that it assisted them in identifying and concentrating on important topics, and that it improved their knowledge and helped them get ready for the final exam. Almost all the participants (>90%) suggested adding this exercise to the list of future topics. Overall, exam scores achieved by students for topics covered in the bingo-based activity (92.7 ± 4.96) were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than exam scores for topics not covered in the activity (83.75 ± 7.74). CONCLUSION: Bingo game is an effective learning strategy to promote students’ learning in the immunology course. Furthermore, utilizing bingo games as a formative assessment technique can significantly improve students’ learning and help them achieve higher scores on summative assessments.

Medication-Related Hospital Admission Among Patients Admitted to the Emergency Ward at the University of Gondar, North West Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study.

Medication-related hospital admission (MRHA) is hospitalization due to drug-related problems. MRHAs have been reported to be on the rise in recent decades. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of MRHA among patients visiting the emergency ward of the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1, 2022, to August 30, 2022 G.C. in the emergency ward at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The AT-HARM 10 tool was used to collect data from participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was entered into EpiData Manager 4.6.0.0 and was exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were presented using frequency and percentage. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with MRHAs with a 95% confidence level, and significance was declared at a p-value <0.05. The prevalence of MRHAs was 30.5% (95% CI = 27.7-36.4%). More than half (64.52%) of MRHAs were definitely preventable. The majority of MRHAs (48.39%) were severe. Non-compliance (41.12%), followed by untreated indication (26.61%) and adverse drug reaction (12.09%) were the most frequent causes of MRHAs. Renal impairment (AOR = 2.703, 95% CI: 1.29 to 5.663), chronic disease (AOR = 10.95, 95% CI: 4.691 to 25.559), history of traditional medication use (AOR = 2.089, 95% CI: 1.162 to 3.755), and history of hospitalization (AOR = 4.001, 95% CI: 1.98 to 8.089) were significantly associated with MRHAs. MRHAs were substantially prevalent. Most of the MRHAs were definitely preventable. Renal impairment, chronic disease, history of traditional medication use, and history of hospitalization were predictors of MRHAs. At the university hospital, health care providers should strive to prevent and manage MRHAs appropriately.

The Effect of a Happiness Education Program on the Expressed Emotion and Quality of Life of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Background: The mental health of the parents of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly the mothers, is poor due to the severity and complex nature of this condition, and they encounter numerous issues. This investigation aimed to determine whether happiness education affected mothers of children with ASD’s Expressed Emotions (EE) and Quality of Life (QoL). Materials and Methods: A total of 70 mothers of children with ASD aged 3 to 13 years participated in this clinical trial study research. The experimental group received the Fordyce happiness training program once every 6 weeks via WhatsApp. In three stages, data were collected using a demographic form, the Family Questionnaire (FQ), and the World Health Organization Quality Of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) (before the intervention, immediately afterward, and 1 month later). In the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, the acquired data were analyzed using independent-sample t-tests, Chi-square tests, and repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: There was no significant difference in EE and QoL mean scores between the two groups before the intervention, but after, the intervention group’s mean score of EE (20.91 (4.355)) was substantially lower than the control group’s (44.74 (4.77)) (p &lt; 0.001). In comparison, the intervention group’s mean score of QoL and its dimensions was more significant than the control group’s (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Given the efficacy of the happiness education program in reducing EE and enhancing QoL in mothers of children with ASD, such treatment strategies should be developed and used.

Comparison of Mannequin-Based Simulation Training Method with Virtual Training Method on Nursing Students’ Learning Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Controlled Randomized Parallel Trial

Abstract Background: The use of different educational methods and programs, such as simulation and virtual training, plays an important role in effective Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) learning for nursing students. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing mannequin-based simulation training with virtual training on CPR learning among nursing students. Materials and Methods: This parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2022. We selected 73 nursing undergraduate students and randomly assigned them to two groups: mannequin-based simulation and virtual training groups. The knowledge, attitude, and performance of CPR in both groups were evaluated and compared before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using independent t-test and the repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: Within-group differences were significant in both mannequin-based simulation and virtual training groups in terms of knowledge, attitude, and CPR performance before and after training, as well as between before and 1 month after training (p &lt; 0.001). In addition, the mean performance of simulation group students was significantly higher than the virtual group (p &lt; 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of knowledge and attitude dimensions before training, after training, and 1 month after training. Conclusions: Both mannequin-based simulation and virtual training methods increase CPR learning. Considering that students’ knowledge and attitude increase significantly using both training methods and the performance of students in the simulation group is better than in the virtual group, the use of a multimodal approach is recommended for CPR training of nursing students.

Appropriate Hand Drying - The Missed Step of Hand Hygiene: A Qualitative Evaluation of Hand Drying Practices among Indian Health Care Workers

Hand hygiene remains one of the most effective methods of preventing healthcare-associated infections. Hand drying is the end point of hand hygiene. Hand drying after hand hygiene is less explored, and the practice varies in different facilities. This explorative study was done to know the various hand-drying methods and practices of healthcare workers in Indian settings. This was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational study initiated from a tertiary care setup in Uttarakhand. Healthcare workers over 18 years of age directly involved in patient care were enrolled. A semi-structured questionnaire with both open-ended and close-ended questions was used with snowballing sampling technique. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Out of the eligible 395 respondents, 62.8% were female. The mean age of the respondents was 31.34 ± 8.44 years and average working hours were 8.87 ± 2.97 (range 4–24) hours. Only 72.7% did hand hygiene always before touching a patient. Nurses were more compliant about hand hygiene than doctors (P &lt; 0.0001). A total of 82.8% were aware of appropriate hand-drying methods. Staff in the Intensive care unit Intensive care unit (ICU) setup were more aware of hand drying practices (P = 0.033). A total of 21.8% wiped their hands on their clothing to dry their hands. This was more in staff from paraclinical departments (P = 0.001). A total of 35.7% used handkerchiefs to dry hands. Resident doctors used handkerchiefs more than senior doctors or nursing staff (P = 0.01). A total of 49.9% of respondents spent less than 10 seconds in hand drying. Hand-hygiene knowledge is high among healthcare workers in India, but the knowledge of appropriate hand-drying practices is lacking. There is wide variation in the practice of hand drying. Better hand drying guidelines and incorporating hand drying as the essential endpoint of the hand hygiene ritual are warranted.

Call Centre Influence on the Delivery of Mental Health Services Among Young People: A Case of One2one Call Centre in Nairobi County

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of call centers on the delivery of mental health services among young people in Nairobi County. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the impact of crisis intervention, round-the-clock availability, resource sharing, and follow-ups on mental health service delivery. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive-cross-sectional research design to assess the impact of call centers on mental health service delivery. The target demographic consisted of healthcare providers affiliated with the one2one Call Centre in Nairobi County. A sample size of 112 respondents was selected using basic random selection methods. Data was collected through the distribution of questionnaires, and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 was utilized for data analysis. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages were employed, along with correlation and regression analysis to evaluate the relationships between research variables. Findings: The study found that crisis intervention, round-the-clock availability, and resource sharing had a positive impact on the delivery of mental health services among young people in Nairobi County. Specifically, crisis intervention strategies were shown to significantly enhance the overall mental health support system, ensuring timely assistance for young individuals in need. Furthermore, maintaining round-the-clock availability allowed service providers to cater to the diverse needs and schedules of young people seeking assistance, thereby improving the overall delivery of mental health services across the county. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: This study makes several contributions to theory, practice, and policy in the field of mental health service delivery. Firstly, it adds to the body of literature on the effectiveness of call centers in enhancing accessibility and reachability of mental health services, particularly among young people. Secondly, the findings provide valuable insights for healthcare practitioners and policymakers on the importance of crisis intervention, round-the-clock availability, and resource sharing in improving mental health service delivery.

Frequency of fistula in patients operated for primary cleft palate repair in a tertiary care center.

Objective: To determine the frequency of fistula in patients undergoing primary cleft palate repair. Study Design: Descriptive Case Series study. Setting: Burns and Plastic Surgery Center, HMC, Peshawar. Period: February 2023 to December 2023. Methods: Patient of both genders males and females undergoing primary cleft palate repair were included in the study with age ranging from 9 to 18 months age excluding patients with comorbids and syndromic patients. Non-probability consecutive sampling was adopted. The data was acquired from patients and hospital record and analyzed with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Results: Our study shows that among 169 patients, mean age was 10 months with SD ± 5.11. 100(59%) patients were male and 69(41%) patients were female. More over 3(2%) patients had fistula while 166(98%) patients didn’t had fistula. Conclusion: In this study we observed an internationally acceptable frequency of post-palatal repair fistula for primary cleft palate in our study population.

Physical Child Abuse Among Secondary School Students in A Community in Benue State

The study aimed to examine occurrences of physical child abuse among secondary school students in a community in Benue State. The study utilized a cross-sectional research design to achieve its objectives. The data collection instrument used was the Physical Child Abuse Questionnaire (PCAQ). The study took place in Igumale, Ado Local Government Area of Benue State. The survey included 800 secondary school students from six secondary schools in Igumale. There were 300 respondents in the sample. Three experts from the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, face validated the instrument. The instrument’s reliability was determined by testing the Spearman’s rank order correlation formula, resulting in a reliability coefficient of .842. The data from PCAQ copies was encoded and analyzed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) version 22 for Windows. The research questions were answered using frequencies and percentages. 58.7 per cent of secondary school children in Igumale experienced physical child abuse. 60.0 per cent of secondary school students aged 10-14 experienced physical abuse, which is higher than the 56.9% of students aged 15-19. The percentage of male secondary school students who encountered physical abuse (60.5%) is greater than the percentage of female students who experienced physical abuse (57.3%). The percentage of physical abuse among parents with no formal education is 59.6%, primary education is 52.6%, secondary education is 76.9%, and tertiary education is 49.2%. Therefore, parents with secondary education have the highest rate of physical abuse. The recommends greater investment in programmes that have shown effectiveness in averting abuse before it occurs.

Reverse Logistics and Performance of Plastic Bottling Firms in Mombasa County, Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between reverse logistics and the performance of plastic bottling firms in Mombasa County, Kenya. Methodology: Cross-sectional research design was employed in the study. The study considered all 27 plastic bottling firms registered by Mombasa County Department of Trade. Stratified random sampling techniques was used to select sample size and Slovin’s formula was adopted to get the sample size for the study. Primary data was collected by use of structured questionnaires. Collected data was analyzed by employing descriptive and inferential statistics as the data analysis techniques. Descriptive statistics gives the profile of the respondents, that is, the frequencies and their percentages; whereas inferential statistics adopts a hierarchical, moderated, multiple regression analysis model in order to determine the effect of the explanatory variable. Statistical Package for Social Science was used as the data analysis tool. Data was presented in frequency and descriptive tables. Findings: The study established that there is a correlation of 0.748 between reverse logistics and performance of plastic bottling firms in Mombasa County. Reverse logistics accounted for 56.0% of the variation in the performance of plastic bottling firms in Mombasa County. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Systems theory was adopted and validated. By incorporating linking the entire supply chain, Systems theory could assist plastic bottling firms in developing a seamless sustainable reverse logistics. The study revealed that successfully implementing reverse logistics; minimize unnecessary costs, protect the environment and increase firm returns.

The relationship between vertebral column flexibility and power of limbs with achievement in javelin

In order to reach peak performance in any sport activity require preparations in terms of (physical, skills, plans, mentality and psychology) accordingly with the nature of the activity require scientific planning. Javelin throw is not beyond these preparations whereas power and flexibility contribute significantly in reaching peak level and advanced results. Power assists in throwing for further horizontal distance possible and flexibility in economy of performance energy. The researcher used descriptive correlational method on a sample of (15) male students of fourth grade whom intentionally selected, following test selection, experiment application, data collection and analyzing though the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) the researcher concluded the there is a significant relationship between vertebral column flexibility and speed power of limbs with javelin throw achievement.

INVESTIGATING THE MULTIFACETED DRIVERS OF JOB PERFORMANCE: INSIGHTS FROM SETIAUSAHA KERAJAAN NEGERI SEMBILAN (SUKNS) EMPLOYEES AT WISMA NEGERI, NEGERI SEMBILAN

This study investigates the multifaceted determinants influencing job performance among employees of Setiausaha Kerajaan Negeri Sembilan (SUKNS) at Wisma Negeri, Negeri Sembilan, with a keen focus on their implications for organizational success and individual satisfaction. In addition to exploring critical factors such as motivation, workload, work experiences, technology advancement, and stress levels, this research delves into nuanced issues within the public sector context. Through a comprehensive examination of these dynamics, the study offers insights into the complex interplay shaping job performance outcomes. Utilizing a convenient sampling method, the research engages 169 SUKNS respondents, employing a meticulously crafted questionnaire as the primary data collection tool. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) serves as the analytical lens to interpret the collected data. Notably, the influence of technology advancement on job performance emerges as a significant finding, prompting strategic recommendations for intervention. Proposed initiatives encompass skill development programs, motivation enhancement strategies, and an enhanced focus on employee well-being, all aimed at optimizing job performance at Wisma Negeri, Negeri Sembilan. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics driving job performance within the public sector and offers actionable insights for organizational enhancement.

FANS PERCEPTIONS TOWARD THE APPLICATION OF VIDEO ASSISTANT REFEREE (VAR) IN FOOTBALL AT STADIUM KUALA LUMPUR

The Video Assistant Referee (VAR) was introduced in association football in 2018 to assist on-field officials in making potentially game-changing decisions by analysing video evidence in real time. Despite its potential benefits, VAR runs the danger of being misunderstood by fans. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors that influence fans positive and negative perceptions of technology utilization in football at Stadium Kuala Lumpur. A total of 452 football fans aged between 18 and above involved in this study by completing a survey questionnaire. The research instrument consisted of two sections namely Section A for the demographic profile of the respondent and Section B for fans perceptions on technology in football. There are 15 items in Section B and they were measured by using the 7 Likert-Scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). All obtained data has been further analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27. Descriptive statistic was utilized to determine perception of the football fans while the inferential statistic (ANOVA) was used to compare between age groups. The findings illustrate that football fans at Stadium Kuala Lumpur showed a positive perception with eight survey items by having a mean value greater than four. There are significant differences between age groups in 10 out of 15 items. Overall, the findings were positive, with younger age groups more positive towards technology than older age groups due to their generation's technology-driven nature. The study findings could enhance and contribute to the expansion of VAR technology's use and its functionality across professional football leagues. Also, provides a valuable and reliable information to the football fans understanding and acceptance.