Statistical Difference In Terms Research Articles

P411 Early ultrasound assessment predicts therapy response: an easy tool for clinical decision making

Abstract Background Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is an effective and easy-to-use tool in monitoring Crohn’s disease (CD) lesions during different biological therapies. Aim of our study was to evaluate whether lesion improvement during biological therapy could predict transmural healing. Methods We performed a prospective study enrolling CD patients (pts) with indication to biological therapies. IUS and doppler US parameters at baseline, at 3 and 12 months were: bowel wall thickening (BWT), lesion length, echopattern, complications, blood flow according to Limberg’ score. Transmural healing (TH) was defined as normalization of all parameters; IUS responders were defined as pts with improvement of BWT associated with decreased lesion length, Limberg’ score improvement, and no worsening of the other parameters. Delta (Δ) signified the difference between IUS parameters at baseline and at 3 months. Changes in parameters and in Δ values at baseline and after 3 months were analyzed using Mann Whitney test; the area under (a ROC) curve was calculated. Differences between combination of parameters were tested by Chi-square test. Results One hundred and fifteen CD pts were enrolled (63.5% males; median age 37 years; median disease duration 96 months). Forty-nine per cent of pts had L1, 9% had L2, 42% had L3 according to the Montreal criteria. TH rate at 12 months was 20% and IUS responder rate was 43%. At baseline, no statistical differences in terms of BWT were observed between pts achieving TH vs no TH. Similarly, no differences were observed in pts defined as IUS responders vs non responders. Patients achieving TH at 12 months had a higher ΔBWT than patient without TH (p=0.0004). On ROC curve, ΔBWT improvement of 1.25 mm showed sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 61%, respectively, in predicting pts who achieved TH. Similarly, IUS responder group at 12 months had a higher ΔBWT than patients IUS non-responder group (p<0.0001). On ROC curve, ΔBWT improvement of 1.25 mm showed sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 57%, respectively, in predicting IUS responders. A combination of a ΔBWT (≥1 mm) and Limberg’ score improvement (1 point) was associated with a higher risk of TH at 12 months (p=0.0007; OR 5.1; 95% CI, 1.8-12.8). A combination of a ΔBWT (≥1 mm) and Limberg’ score improvement (1 point) was associated with a higher risk of IUS responders at 12 months (p<0.0001; OR 15.7; 95% CI, 4.5-52). Conclusion An early ΔBWT, and a combination of a ΔBWT and Limberg’ score improvement showed high diagnostic accuracy in predicting pts who achieved TH and IUS responder at 12 months. This information may help clinical decision making in terms of prompt optimization or switching/swapping therapies in CD.

Analysis of CT imaging changes of psoas major muscles in patients with lumbar disc herniation mainly based on low back pain and lower limb pain.

The study aimed to compare the area changes of CT (computed tomograghy) imaging of psoas major muscle (PM) in patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH) mainly based on low back pain (LBP) and lower limb pain (LLP), and to analyze the correlation among them. We retrospectively analyzed the lumbar CT imaging data of 120 patients with LDH and 60 healthy control people in our hospital from July 2017 to August 2019. They were divided into LBP group (60 cases), LLP group (60 cases) and healthy controls group (60 cases). According to the pain duration and pain degree, LBP group and LLP group were divided into three subgroups respectively. The maximum cross-sectional area (CSA) of PM and the CSA of L5 vertebral body were calculated by Image J software, and the ratio of them was the maximum CSA index of PM. The maximum CSA indices of PM among three groups and three subgroups were compared, respectively. The baseline data among the three groups weren't significantly different (P > 0.05), yet the maximum CSA index of PM did (P < 0.05). In the LBP group, the maximum CSA indices of PM among the three subgroups (short, medium and long) according to the pain duration were significantly different (P < 0.05), and those among the three subgroups (light, medium and heavy) according to pain degree did (P < 0.05). In the LLP group, the maximum CSA indices of PM among the three subgroups (short, medium and long) were compared, but there was not statistical difference among the three subgroups (P > 0.05). No statistical difference in terms of the maximum CSA indices of PM among the three subgroups (light, medium and heavy) was observed (P > 0.05). The atrophy and thinning of PM may be related to LDH. The correlation between the atrophy of PM and LBP was greater than that of LLP. The atrophy of PM in LDH patients with LBP increased with the prolongation of pain duration and aggravation of pain degree.

Histopathological Features of Gallbladder Specimens Obtained From Liver Recipients

To evaluate the histopathological features of gallbladder specimens obtained from liver transplantation (LT) recipients and to find the correlation between these findings with the clinical features of patients. The 1985 patients who underwent LT in our institute between March 2002 and January 2021 and whose data regarding pathologic analysis of gallbladder could retrospectively be obtained were included in the study. The data of the patients including age, gender, the reason for LT (fulminant or nonfulminant), presence of ascites, macroscopic characteristics of gallbladder (the length, diameter, and wall thickness), and microscopic findings were all obtained and analyzed in the present study. A total of 1985 patients (men=1300 and women=685) with a median age of 39.4 years were included in this study. LT was performed in 249 patients because of fulminant liver failure, and abdominal ascites were detected in 933 patients during LT. There were statistical differences in terms of age (P < .001), gallbladder length (P < .001). and width (P < .001) among the both gender, but there was no difference in terms of histopathologic characteristics and presence of gallstones. On the other hand, there were significant differences in terms of age (P < .001), gallbladder length (P < .001), width (P < .001), wall thickness (P=.021), presence of gallstones (P < .001), and histopathologic characteristics (P < .001) between the patients with fulminant and nonfulminant liver failure etiologies. Similar results were obtained when characteristics of patients with and without ascites were compared. This the first study analyzing the histopathological analysis of gallbladder specimens in LT recipients. Chronic liver disease, presence of ascites and gender are the factors affecting the macroscopic and microscopic features of the gallbladder.

Thiol-Disulphide Homeostasis, Ischemia-Modified Albumin, Trace Elements and Vitamins in Vitiligo Patients.

Vitiligo, a multifactorial, depigmented skin disease, is characterised by selective loss of functional melanocytes leading to pigment reduction in the affected areas of the skin. We aimed to examine thiol-disulphide homeostasis, IMA, copper, zinc, selenium, vitamin A and vitamin C levels in vitiligo patients. The study included 83 vitiligo patients and 72 healthy controls. Copper, zinc, and selenium levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer; vitamin A and E levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Ischemia-modified albumin and native/total thiol levels were measured by colourimetric method. Serum native and total thiol levels were significantly lower in vitiligo patients (P < 0.001, for all). Zn levels were significantly higher in vitiligo patients than in the control group (P = 0.004). There was no statistical difference in terms of Cu, Se, vitamin A and vitamin E levels. All thiol-disulphide homeostasis parameters (the most important antioxidant-oxidant system in circulation), trace elements, and vitamins together were evaluated in the present study in vitiligo patients. It can be concluded that vitiligo patients have increased oxidative stress status, and also the increase in the dissemination of the disease also increases the oxidative stress in the body.

Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Single Level Paravertebral Block vs Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block (III) for Postoperative Analgesia after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Surgeries- A Randomised Clinical Study

Introduction: Pain control forms an essential component of enhanced recovery after surgery. Regional nerve blocks forms the mainstay of pain relief now-a-days. Pain after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) surgeries is always distressing to the patient due to injury to the renal capsule. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Ultrasound (USG) guided Paravertebral Block (PVB) versus Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB) for postoperative analgesia following PCNL surgeries. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical study was done between February 2021 to August 2022 at Narayana Medical College and Hospitals, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. Sixty patients of American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) I and II between 30-60 years age group undergoing PCNL surgeries were divided into two groups. Group P received USG guided PVB at T9-T10 level with 20 mL of 0.25% Levobupivacaine with 8 mg Dexamethasone whereas group Q received QLB (III) with 20 mL of 0.25% Levobupivacaine with 8 mg Dexamethasone. Visual Analogue Score (VAS), time for first rescue analgesic and number of patients requiring rescue analgesic in first 24 hours were measured. unpaired t-test was used to compare continuous variables whereas the Chi-square test was to compare the categorical variables. Results: There was no statistical difference in terms of sex, age, weight, height or ASA grade (p&gt;0.05). The mean time required for rescue analgesia in group P was around 478 minutes compared to group Q with 346 minutes which was statistically significant (p=0.001). Mean tramadol consumption in group Q was significantly high (155 mg) compared to group P (125 mg). VAS was significantly better in group P. Conclusion: USG guided single level PVB provides superior analgesia compared to transmuscular QLB for postoperative analgesia after PCNL surgeries which helps in enhanced recovery after surgery.

Investigation of the Effect of Different Phosphorus and Nitrogen Doses Applied to Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plant on Vegetative Characteristic and Grain Yield

This study was carried out in Kahramanmaras conditions in 2020 in order to determine the effects of different phosphorus and nitrogen doses on the vegetative characteristics and grain yield of Goksun bean variety. Four different doses of nitrogen (0, 4 , 8, 12 kg da-1) and four different doses of phosphorus (0, 3, 6, 9 kg da-1) were used in the experiment. In the conducted research, flowering day duration, first pod height, plant height, number of branches, maturation day time and grain yield per decare of bean plant were investigated. According to the results of the analysis of variance, different phosphorus and nitrogen applications during the flowering day and the interactions of these applications with each other were found to be insignificant. As the nitrogen dose increased, the first pod height, plant height and number of branches increased, and the nitrogen dose was found to be important at the rate of 1% for these characteristics. Phosphorus doses applied for the same properties did not make a significant difference. It was determined that different doses of phosphorus and nitrogen applied to Goksun bean cultivar did not make a statistically significant difference on maturation day time. The lowest grain yield was obtained from the application of 171.561 kg da-1 to 0 kg da-1 nitrogen dose, the highest grain yield was obtained from the application of 254.025 kg-1 to 8 kg -1 nitrogen dose. Grain yields obtained from different doses of phosphorus (0, 3, 6, 9 kg da-1) varied between 191.682 – 237.641 kg da-1 . Different phosphorus dosage applications did not make a statistical difference in terms of grain yield. In the study carried out, the highest grain yield was obtained as 288.124 kg da-1 from the interaction of 8 kg da-1 nitrogen application and 6 kg da-1 phosphorus application.

Köpeklerde Proflaktik Gastropeksi Tekniklerin Gastrin Hormonu ve Pankreas Enzim Seviyelerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Gastrik dilatasyon volvulus problemine predispoze ırk olan 15 köpeğe proflaktik amaçla endoskopik gastropeksi, laparoskopik gastropeksi ve ventral orta hat gastropeksi tekniklerini uygulayarak, iyileşme sürecinde mideden ve pankreastan salgılanan amilaz, lipaz ve gastrin seviyelerindeki değişiklikleri karşılaştırılarak tekniklerin avantaj ve dezavantajları araştırıldı.&#x0D; Çalışmada 15 köpek, orta ventral hat, laparoskopik ve endoskopik destekli gastropeksi için 3 gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruptaki 5 köpekte klasik gastropeksi, İkinci gruptaki köpeklerde laparoskopik destekli gastropeksi ve üçüncü gruptaki köpeklerde ise endoskopik gastropeksi operasyonu uygulandı. Her gruptaki köpeğe preoperative, postoperative 1. gün ve 8. günde amilaz, lipaz ve gastrin ölçümleri yapılarak elde edilen veriler istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi. Operasyon sonunda klinik olarak herhangi bir patolojiye rastlanılmadı. Elde edilen amilaz, lipaz ve gastrin seviyeleride normal standart referanslar aralığında bulundu.&#x0D; Sonuç olarak, enzim salınımları yönünden yapılan operasyon tekniklerinin birbirlerine istatistik açıdan bir üstünlükleri olmadığını destekler niteliktedir. Tekniklerin uygulama ve zaman olarak birbirlerine avantaj ve dezavantajları bulunsa dahi bu üç teknikten herhangi bir tanesinin amilaz, lipaz ve gastrin enzimlerinin enzimatik sonuçları yönünden istatistiki bir fark oluşturmayacağı, her üç tekniğin de profilaktik amaçla kullanılabileceği görüşü ağırlık kazanmıştır. Fakat post-operatif dönemin daha uzun tutulması ile enzimatik ve mide motilitesinde değişikliklerin olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu açıdan daha fazla olgu ile daha uzun post-operatif dönem değerlendirilmelidir.

Vegetative cycle and bankruptcy predictors of agricultural firms

The characterisation of agricultural activity depends on what firms produce. In this article, we introduce the importance of the vegetative cycle in the prediction of bankruptcy of agricultural firms, analysing the financial ratios proposed by the classical models of Altman (1983), Ohlson (1980) and Zmijewski (1984). We consider a total of 2 228 Portuguese firms, with 83 failing between 2015 and 2019. The findings confirm that the differences between healthy and bankrupt firms depend on their vegetative cycle. Although predictors based on liquidity are helpful only in predicting the bankruptcy of non-perennial crop firms, activity predictors are better in identifying healthy perennial crop firms. In addition, we show substantial statistical differences in terms of liquidity and profitability, but only in healthy firms. The results encourage the topic of the vegetative cycle to be more present in the construction of more accurate bankruptcy prediction models.

Coxa Magna following treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip: investigation for associated potential factors.

Coxa Magna (CM) is defined as a condition in which the horizontal (transverse) diameter of the femoral head is larger on the affected side than on the intact side. CM can occur as a manifestation of avascular necrosis (AVN) following treatment for the developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Alternatively, it can also be secondary to other hip disorders, such as Perthes' disease. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and indicators of CM and AVN of the femoral head that can be detected during follow-up in patients with unilateral DDH treated with closed reduction (CR) or open reduction (OR) surgery. The files of 143 patients treated for unilateral DDH between January 1997 and December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 104 patients, including Group 1 ( n = 49) patients who underwent CR under general anesthesia and Group 2 ( n = 55) patients who underwent OR were included in the study. CM; It was considered as the case where the femoral head was 15% or more larger than the intact side. A total of 104 patients were followed up for 77.27 ± 13.96 months, with a mean age of 15.43 ± 7.76 months. When Group 1 and Group 2 were compared, there was no statistical difference in terms of sex, side, adductor tenotomy, and AVN ( P > 0.05). CM developed in 22.4% ( n = 11) of the patients in Group 1 and in 49.1% ( n = 27) in Group 2, and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.008). When the effect of independent variables on the development of CM is evaluated with the multivariate logistic regression model, the risk of developing CM is 3474 times higher in those who underwent iliopsoas tenotomy compared with those who did not. The primary outcome of this study is that CM is more frequent in patients treated with OR for DDH. CM may be a nonpathological condition that occurs in connection with iliopsoas tenotomy or surgical treatment. Prospective studies with a larger number of cases, designed to minimize confounding factors, are required.

Analogical Evaluation of Endoscopic Septoplasty in Posterior Septal Deviation

Background: Deviated Nasal Septum is one of the pronounced causes of Nasal Obstruction. A number of surgeries are being done since decades to alleviate symptoms. Recent advancement with endoscopes has revolutionized the surgical approach towards minimal invasive procedures. Aim: To analyze the post-op hospital stay and complications in headlight vs. endoscopic septoplasty Study design: The study is Cross sectional Randomized Control Trial. Place and duration of study: We conducted this study in ENT Unit I of Jinnah Hospital Lahore from June 2021 to January 2022. The follow up time was 2 months. Methodology: We performed this study on 30 patients who were diagnosed with Posterior Septal deviation. We randomly divided the patients into two groups. Group A was to undergo trans-nasal trans-speculum (TNTS) septoplasty while group B, endoscopic septoplasty. We analyzed the outcomes in the form of incidence of anterior nasal packing, post-op hospital stays and rate of adhesion formation. Results: We concluded that in Group A, nasal packing was required in 14(93.3%) patients, adhesion formation in 2(13.3%) patients and the mean post-operative hospital stay was 2.13±0.352 days while in Group B, only 3(20%) patients needed anterior nasal packing, none developed post-surgical adhesion formation and the mean postop hospital stay was 1.00±0.000 days. Practical implication: This study delineated that endoscopic septoplasty once mastered is far superior to Endonasal Conventional septoplasty and must be adopted in all public and private sectors to improve cost-effectiveness. Conclusion: We concluded that endoscopic septoplasty is far superior to trans-nasal trans-speculum (TNTS) septoplasty when post-op hospital stays and incidence of nasal packing was concerned in posterior septoplasty. However, there was no statistical difference in terms of post-surgical adhesion formation among the two studied groups. Keywords: Endoscopic Septoplasty, Trans-nasal trans-speculum (TNTS) septoplasty, Deviated Nasal Septum

When makers meet the metaverse: Effects of creating NFT metaverse exhibition in maker education

The main purpose of this paper is to conduct empirical research on the effectiveness of application of a metaverse in maker education. While the control group of students participate in a general maker class that encourages making digital content for relevant contest participation, the experimental group was treated to register their digital artwork as an NFT certified by blockchain technology and display them in the metaverse as a form of a virtual exhibition. The study findings show that while there was a significant statistical difference in terms of creative problem-solving and creative curiosity for both groups, only experimental participants showed improvement in creative cognition. In addition, following the addition of the metaverse treatment, a significant statistical improvement was found in terms of a sense of achievement towards their making process as well as ownership of their making products. Furthermore, the sentiment analysis collected from students' reflection papers reveals that the compounding result of their opinions, appraisals, complaints, emotions, or attitudes towards the metaverse exhibition was generally positive. Based on the findings, this paper suggests a new maker education model by expanding the previous one, TMSI (Thinkering, Making, Sharing, Improving), to a concept of TMIOS (Thinkering, Making, Improving, Ownering, Sharing).

Addition of ATG to Clofarabine-Based Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen with PBSC and Ptcy in Adults with Myeloid Malignancies

INTRODUCTION In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT), the Clo-Baltimore (CloB) regimen is a variant of the Baltimore reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen that uses clofarabine in replacement of fludarabine and high-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY). This regimen provides good survivals for patients (pts) with myeloid malignancies (Chevallier et al., Oncotarget 2018). Yet, graft-versus host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Allo-HSCT recipients. The administration of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is a standard method to prevent GVHD in matched Allo-HSCT. Here, we retrospectively investigated whether the addition of ATG to CloB conditioning with PTCY was beneficial in terms of GVHD rates. METHODS This retrospective study included all consecutive Allo-HSCT adult recipients with myeloid malignancies transplanted between March 2014 and February 2022 in our hospital after CloB+/-ATG conditioning regimen. CloB consisted in clofarabine 30 mg/m²/day (d) from d-6 to d-2, cyclophosphamide 14.5 mg/kg/d on d-6 and d-5, and cyclophosphamide 50mg/kg/d on d+4 and d+5 after Allo-HSCT. In CloB+ATG, pts additionally received ATG 2.5mg/kg/d on d-2. GVHD prophylaxis consisted in the administration of cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil to all patients. Graft source was exclusively peripheral blood stem cells. We determined overall (OS), disease-free (DFS) and GVHD relapse-free (GRFS) survivals, as well as non-relapse mortality (NRM) and relapse incidences. RESULTS Sixty-six pts (median age 61 years old, range 32-74) were included, with 36 pts treated with CloB conditioning between 2014 and 2017, and 30 with CloB+ATG between 2019 and 2022. Between the two periods other conditioning regimens were used in our Department. Diagnoses comprised acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML, n=32), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, n=18), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN, n=5), or MDS/MPN (n=10). The disease risk index (DRI) was low in 7 (11%) pts, intermediate in 43 (66%), and high in 15 (23%). The median HSCT-specific comorbidity index was 3 (range 0-7). Donors were haploidentical in 54 (82%) cases, and matched in 12. In the whole cohort, 18-months(m) OS, DFS and GRFS were 71±6%, 65±6%, and 55±6%, and 18-m NRM and relapse incidences were 14±4% and 21±5% respectively. A higher proportion of high DRI was observed in the CloB group (36 vs 10%, p=0.03). The median follow-up was 68 months (m) in the CloB cohort and 19.5 m in the CloB+ATG cohort. These two groups were otherwise comparable (Table 1). A lower proportion of acute GVHD was observed in the CloB+ATG group (23.3 vs 50%, p=0.05), with no statistical differences in terms of chronic GVHD (p=0.49). Of note, no extensive chronic GVHD was observed in the CloB+ATG group (vs 11% in CloB patients, p=0.17) In multivariate analysis, the addition of ATG to CloB conditioning was associated with a significant increase in 18-m GRFS (70±8% vs 43±8%, HR 0.38 [95%CI 0.17-0.85], p=0.02; Figure1). No differences were observed in terms of OS (HR 0.74, p=0.51), DFS (HR 0.58 p=0.22), NRM (HR 0.84, p=0.79), relapse rate (HR 0.51, p=0.25), median time of neutrophil (>1 109/L) and platelet (> 50 109/L) recovery (respectively 19d [range 12-27] vs 18d [8-32], p=0.69, and 36d [22-471] vs 31d [12-134], p=0.09). The results were similar when considering only patients with a haploidentical donor (n=54), with a benefit in terms of GRFS in the ATG group in multivariate analysis: HR 0.30 (95%CI 0.12-0.73; p=0.008). CONCLUSION Addition of ATG to the Clo-Baltimore RIC regimen with PTCY improved GRFS rates in this cohort without increasing infection-related mortality nor relapse rate in pts with myeloid malignancies and matched or haplo-donors. This strategy should be more widely implemented. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Three Lymphadenectomy Strategies in Endometrial Carcinoma: Analysis of Long-Term Outcomes

<h3>Study Objective</h3> Sentinel node mapping (SNM) has replaced lymphadenectomy for staging surgery in apparent early-stage endometrial cancer (EC). Here, we evaluated the long-term survival of three different approaches of nodal assessment. <h3>Design</h3> This is a multi-institutional retrospective study evaluating long-term outcomes (at least 3 years of follow-up) of EC patients having nodal assessment between 2006 and 2016. In order to reduce possible confounding factors, we applied a propensity-matched algorithm. <h3>Setting</h3> Referral centers. <h3>Patients or Participants</h3> Consecutive patients with EC undergoing surgical staging. <h3>Interventions</h3> Surgical staging including SNM and/or lymphadenectomy. <h3>Measurements and Main Results</h3> Charts of 1,338 patients were evaluated: 398 (29.7%), 174 (13.1%), 187 (13.9%), and 579 (43.3%) no retroperitoneal staging, SNM, SNM followed by backup lymphadenectomy and lymphadenectomy, respectively. Applying a propensity score matching algorithm (1:1:2) we selected 500 patients: 125 SNM vs. 125 SNM plus backup lymphadenectomy vs. 250 lymphadenectomies. Baseline characteristics of the study population were similar between groups. The prevalence of nodal disease was 14%, 16%, and 12% in patients having SNM, SNM followed by backup lymphadenectomy and lymphadenectomy, respectively. Overall, 19 (7.6%) patients were diagnosed with low volume nodal disease. The mean (SD) follow-up time was 62 (±11) months. The survival analysis comparing the three techniques did not show statistical differences in terms of disease-free (p=0.750) and overall survival (p=0.899). Similarly, the type of nodal assessment did not impact survival outcomes after stratification on the basis of uterine risk factors (p>0.2). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our study highlighted that SNM provides similar long-term oncologic outcomes than lymphadenectomy. Randomized controlled trials are needed to corroborate the value of SNM in EC.

Yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin genel muhasebe dersine yönelik algıları: Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi

Çalışmada, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi’nde öğrenim görmekte olan ve Genel Muhasebe dersini en az bir kez almış olan yabancı uyruklu öğrencilerin Genel Muhasebe dersine yönelik algılarını ölçmek amacıyla anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. 2022 yılı bahar döneminde uygulanan anket kapsamında anketi cevaplayan öğrencilerden değerlendirmeye uygun görülen 149 öğrencinin verileri öğrencilerin cinsiyet, yaş, okudukları bölüm, sınıf, uyruk ve ders harf notlarına göre IBM SPSS 26 istatistik programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrencilerin okudukları bölüm ve yaşları açısından Genel Muhasebe dersi algılarında istatistiki fark tespit edilememiş, sınıfları, cinsiyetleri, uyrukları ve aldıkları harf notları açısından kısmen istatistiki farklılıklar olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Öğrencilerin büyük çoğunluğunun Genel Muhasebe dersinin uzaktan eğitimle verilmemesi görüşünde oldukları ve dersi veren öğretim üyeleri ile iyi iletişim kurabildiklerini beyan ettikleri tespit edilmiştir.

Efficacy of the growing rod technique on kyphotic early-onset scoliosis.

ObjectiveTo explore the application of the growing rod (GR) technique in the treatment of kyphotic early-onset scoliosis (KEOS) and analyze its surgical efficacy and safety.MethodsThe clinical data of 30 children with KEOS who received GR treatment at our department between January 2016 and December 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 18 cases with normal kyphosis (normal kyphosis group) and 12 cases with excessive kyphosis (excessive kyphosis group). Both groups received GR treatment, and all patients received anteroposterior and lateral spine X-ray examinations before, after the initial surgery, and at the final follow-up. The surgical conditions and imaging parameters of the two groups were compared, and the complications were recorded.ResultsThere was no statistical difference in the Cobb angle of the major curve, apical vertebral translation (AVT), and trunk shift (TS) between the two groups before, after the first surgery, and at the final follow-up (P > 0.05). The Cobb angle of the major curve, the AVT, and the TS in both groups after the first surgery were lower than before the first surgery (P < 0.05), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). At the final follow-up, there were increases in both the Cobb angle and the AVT (P < 0.05), while the TS decreased in comparison with findings after the first surgery (P < 0.05). Before and after the first surgery and at the final follow-up appointment, there was a statistical difference in the degree of thoracic kyphosis (TK) between the two groups (P < 0.05), while there was no statistical difference in terms of lumbar lordosis (LL), the proximal junctional angle (PJA), and the distal junctional angle (DJA) (P > 0.05). After the first surgery, TK and LL showed a significant moderate response in both groups (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in TK, LL, PJA, and DJA compared with the results at the final follow-up (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe use of the GR technique can improve kyphosis in KEOS treatment.

The effect of experience on the outcomes of total laparoscopic hysterectomy surgery: 1295 cases.

To reveal the effect of surgeon's experience on the outcomes of the total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) surgery. Design: Retrospective case series. A tertiary care university hospital. 1295 cases with an indication for hysterectomy. Total laparoscopic hysterectomy. All cases were grouped according to the surgeon's experience. For 30 different surgeons, their first 20 operations constituted Group A, 21st-50th operations Group B, 51st-100th operations Group C, and their operations after the 100th surgery Group D. Demographic data and post-operative results were compared between the groups. There were no statistical differences in terms of demographic data and major complications. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the post-operative fall in hemoglobin level and the duration of hospitalization in the groups with increased experience (p = 0.021, p < 0.001, respectively). There wasn't an increase in uterine specimen weight with increased experience (p = 0.267). We obtained that the peak value in the learning curve cannot be evaluated according to the operation time or complication rates. Although the complication rate seems unaffected by surgical experience, concerns about complications may decrease as experience increases. Since the trend of minimally invasive surgery will continue increasingly in the next century because of higher patient comfort, all gynecologists should gain competence in endoscopic surgery.

Effect evaluation of the primary screening strategy for liver cancer in rural areas of China

Objective: To estimate the effectiveness of the primary screening strategy for liver cancer in rural areas to provide basic information for the optimization and perfection of the technical program for the early detection and treatment of liver cancer. Methods: Residents including males aged 35-64 and females aged 45-64 from 9 counties in rural China between 2013 and 2015 were selected as the target population. The participant was classified into a high-risk and non-high-risk group based on the standardized questionnaire or HBsAg, and the Chi-squared test was applied to compare differences between the two groups. The Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to assess hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: 358 348 participants were recruited from 2013 to 2015. 1 196 individuals were identified with liver cancer until December 31, 2021, with an incidence density of 52.0/10(5) person-years. Of the participants, 54 650 were assessed as high risk (15.3%) based on the questionnaire and the status of HBsAg. The high-risk population had a higher incidence density (168.3/10(5) person-years vs 31.5/10(5) person-years) and higher risk of developing liver cancer (HR=2.98, 95% CI=2.64-3.35), compared to the non-high-risk group. Based on the questionnaire-based high-risk assessment system, 47 884 (13.4%) individuals were identified as high risk, who showed statistical differences in terms of incidence density and incidence risk, in comparison to the low-risk population (all P<0.05). HBsAg can screen out a higher proportion of high-risk individuals who are women, non-smokers, non-drinkers, and individuals without a family history of liver cancer (all P<0.05). The sensitivity analysis of the effectiveness of the whole primary screening method is stable, and high-risk individuals still had a higher risk of liver cancer. Conclusions: The primary screening method of the questionnaire-based risk assessment system and HBsAg can achieve satisfactory effectiveness. The questionnaire-based risk assessment system could identify high-risk individuals to some extent, however, it still needs to be improved to meet the actual requirements.

Early diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis by magnetic resonance: perfusion weighted imaging in a rabbit model

BackgroundThis study aimed to analyze the application value of magnetic resonance (MR)-perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) in the early imaging diagnosis of rabbit spinal tuberculosis.MethodsSpinal tuberculosis model was established using ATCC25177 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain in the lumbar spine of rabbits. Forty rabbits were divided into 2 groups: rabbits in the experiment group were injected with 0.2 ml of 5.0 mg/ml tuberculosis suspension (n = 30) and those in the control group were injected with 0.2 ml of normal saline (n = 10) after vertebrae drilling surgery. Routine MRI and MR-PWI were performed at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after surgery. The statistical difference in terms of perfusion parameter values in the early MR-PWI scan of spinal tuberculosis between two groups was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted for the accuracy of MR-PWI parameters in the early diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis.ResultsExcept time to peak, the other perfusion parameters in the experiment group were all increased with time. In addition, the difference between the two groups, as well as the differences at each time point was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). First-pass enhancement rate (Efirst), early enhancement rate (Ee), peak height (PH), maximum slope of increase (MSI), maximum signal enhancement rate (Emax) and signal enhancement rate (SER) showed high values in early diagnosing spinal tuberculosis.ConclusionThe parameters including Efirst, Ee, PH, MSI, Emax and SER may provide valuable imaging evidence for the early diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis in clinical application.

Lymphadenectomy, sentinel node mapping plus backup lymphadenectomy and sentinel node mapping alone in low-, intermediate, and high-risk endometrial cancer (555)

<b>Objectives:</b> Sentinel node mapping (SNM) has replaced lymphadenectomy for staging surgery in apparent early-stage endometrial cancer (EC). Here, we evaluate the long-term survival of the three different approaches of nodal assessment in low, intermediate, and high-risk EC. <b>Methods:</b> This is a multi-institutional retrospective study evaluating long-term outcomes (at least three years of follow-up) of EC patients having nodal assessment between 2006 and 2016. In order to reduce possible confounding factors, we applied a propensity-matched algorithm. <b>Results:</b> Charts of 940 patients were evaluated, with 174 (18.5%), 187 (19.9%), and 579 (61.6%) having SNM, SNM followed by backup lym- phadenectomy and lymphadenectomy, respectively. Applying a propensity score matching algorithm (1:1:2), we selected 500 patients: 125 SNM versus 125 SNM plus backup lymphadenectomy versus 250 lymphadenectomies. Baseline characteristics of the study population were similar between groups. The prevalence of nodal disease was 14%, 16%, and 12% in patients having SNM, SNM followed by backup lymphadenectomy and lymphadenectomy, respectively. Overall, 19 (7.6%) patients were diagnosed with low volume nodal disease (seven and 12 patients with micrometastasis and isolated tumor cells). The mean (SD) follow-up time was 62 (±11) months. The survival analysis comparing the three techniques did not show statistical differences in terms of disease-free (p=0.750) and overall survival (p=0.899). Similarly, the type of nodal assessment did not impact survival outcomes after stratification on the basis of uterine risk factors. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study highlighted that SNM provides similar longterm oncologic outcomes to lymphadenectomy. Further evidence is warranted to assess the prognostic value of low volume disease detected by ultrastaging and the role of molecular/genomic profiling.

EXAMINING THE OPINIONS OF THE MANAGERS IN BEAUTY CENTERS ON GREEN PROMOTION IN TERMS OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES: SIVAS EXAMPLE

Purpose- With the increasing environmental pollution and chemicals entering human life in recent years, people's concerns about life and health are increasing. As consumer awareness about the environment and health increases, people tend towards green products. From past to present, people have benefited from plants to look beautiful and to treat health problems. Some businesses that are aware of their social responsibility in the cosmetics sector and that produce, turn to natural products in production in order to reduce the effects of chemicals used on human life. In this way, businesses both protect human health and strengthen their sectoral images in the beauty market. By adopting the concept of green products, businesses fulfill their responsibilities to protect the environment while meeting the demands of their customers. The aim of this study is to examine the views of beauty center managers about green promotion activities in terms of demographic characteristics. Methodology- The universe of the study consists of 51 beauty center managers in Sivas. A survey study was conducted to understand whether there is a difference in green promotion activities of beauty center managers within the scope of demographic variables. T test and One-Way ANOVA test were applied to determine whether the evaluations of beauty center managers for green promotion differ in terms of demographic characteristics. Findings- Considering the findings obtained as a result of the study, no significant difference was found in the managers' views on green promotion in terms of demographic variables. It is understood that beauty center managers mostly agree with the statements about green promotion. Conclusion- When the results of the study are evaluated, it is concluded that women are more sensitive in terms of gender and singles are more sensitive in terms of marital status. It has been concluded that there is no statistical difference in terms of demographic characteristics in the attitudes and behaviors of managers regarding green promotion. Keywords: Beauty centre, green product, green promotion JEL Codes: M30, M31, M37