Statistical Treatment Research Articles

Measurement of S.P and D.E for SFA and POP arteries using exercise associated with Ischemia and hypermia for lower extremities And related to the re-activity of muscle basketball players.

The method of training (ischemia - hypermia) is a modern method not used in Iraq before and because of the difference interpretation of the results of previous studies related to the subject of the study on the interpretation of the positive and negative effect of this method, it emerged the need to conduct this study to identify the speed of blood flow using the exercises associated with Ischemia and Hyperaemia And its relationship with muscular activity of the lower limbs The objectives of the study were to measure SP and DE for the SFA and pop of the lower limb and to determine the relationship between blood flow velocity of the SFA (and POP) muscles and the muscular activity of the lower limbs. The hypotheses are statistically significant differences between the SP and DE, (SFA and POP). The sample consisted of ten players from the basketball team of the Mustansiriya University team The third section includes research methodology and field procedures The researcher used the experimental method for the suitability and nature of the study. The researcher used the tools and tools required to complete the study, including the colored Doppler device to measure blood velocity of the lower limb arteries (SFA, POP). The program of work was prepared using the exercises associated with Ischemia - Statistical treatments were carried out using the SPSS program, The researcher reached several conclusions after presenting and analyzing the results, including the effect of exercise associated with Ischemia - Hyperaemia on blood flow velocity in the arteries of the lower limb of the arteries (SFA) and POP during the peak speed of systolic blood The recommendations were Other similar prospective studies on samples and other variables using exercise associated with ischemia – hyperaemia

Work-Related Stressors and Coping Strategies of Nurses in a Selected Tertiary Hospital in a City in the Philippines

Background: Nurses may experience stress at work due to reasons like job overload, lack of sleep, a feeling of lack of support, and many more. Therefore, nurses must have coping strategies in place to provide all patients with the best possible care. The aim of this study is to determine the significant relationship between work-related stressors and the coping strategies of the nurses in a selected tertiary hospital in Bulacan by identifying their profile variables, their work-related stressors, and their coping strategies. Methods: Adapted survey questionnaires were answered by 206 nurses working in different areas of the Bulacan Medical Center in a self-administered manner, and 166 data points were suitable for data analysis. Nurses have diverse profiles. The data obtained were analyzed using different statistical treatments – percentage, weighted mean, one-way ANOVA t- test, and Pearson r to yield the needed results for the study. Results: Work-related stressors (F=3.571, p<.001, & η^2=.263) and coping strategies (F=3.938, p<.001, η^2=.283) have significant differences in their area of duty. As for their work-related stressors, it is evident that nurses perceive external stressors to be slightly more significant (M = 2.58) than internal stressors (M = 2.49). For coping, nurses often employ problem-focused strategies (M = 3.04) to deal with stressors in their work environment than emotional coping strategies (M = 2.68). With regards to the correlation between work-related stressors and coping strategies, there is a moderate positive correlation between the two (r=.521, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of the study confirmed the presence of both external and internal work-related stressors among nurses. External stressors such as workload, conflicts at work, and dealing with difficult patients and their families were identified as significant sources of stress. Internal factors, including high expectations, feelings of inadequacy, and negative emotions during task performance, were also found to contribute to nurses' stress levels. This study confirmed that age, civil status, length of service, sex, and employment status did not significantly influence nurses' experiences of work-related stress or their choice of coping strategies. The result of this study concludes that work-related stressors and coping strategies are impacted by their area of assignment. Nurses working in critical care units, such as emergency rooms and intensive care units, experienced higher levels of stress compared to those in other areas. Nurses who experienced higher levels of work-related stress were more likely to employ coping strategies to manage and regulate stressful events. In light of this, it also concludes that work-related stressors and coping strategies of the nurses in Bulacan Medical Center are correlated with each other. In line with the significant correlation between work-related stressors and the coping strategies of nurses, it can be concluded that in the nursing profession, resiliency is prevalent even in stressful situations. Additionally, in this study, it was also highlighted that nurses employ problem-focused coping more than emotion-focused coping. This also implies how nurses in a clinical setting are more likely to be self-composed for them to formulate an organized and planned action in the presence of conflict.

The Effect of Muscle Strength Exercises on Eeducing some Muscle Injuries to the Lower Extremities of Football Players


 
 The Effect of Muscle Strength Exercises on Eeducing some Muscle Injuries to the Lower Extremities of Football Players
 Ahmed Jabbar Jassim, Dr. Feryal Sami Khalil
 journal mustansiriyah of sports science2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages 168-177
 
 Abstract
 Football is one of the most popular and widespread sports in the world, as it has reached a level of popularity that has not reached other sports, and with the great development in the intensity of sports competitions, this was accompanied by a high incidence of sports injuries, especially in the muscles of the lower extremities, as it constitutes (35%) of the total injuries In football, the best way to reduce these injuries is to use muscle strength exercises to reduce them, as these exercises give strength to the muscles and make them able to withstand the effort exerted on them. The thesis aimed to prepare special exercises for muscle strength to reduce some muscle injuries, and to know the effect of these exercises to reduce some muscle injuries, and to raise the efficiency of muscle groups of the lower extremities of the research sample The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre-tests and the post-tests in reducing some muscle injuries of the lower extremities, and that they have a positive effect in reducing the injury The researcher used the experimental method in the one-group method to suit the nature of the message, and the research sample was determined on football players for the youth category of Al-Jawiya club for the sports season (2020/2021), whose number is 23 players. The duration of the program lasted (6) weeks, as the total number of units was (18) units, and after the completion of the program, post-tests were conducted and appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach the results, after which the results were presented, analyzed and discussed, and the researcher reached conclusions, the most important of which was raising The efficiency of the muscle groups of the lower extremities through the emergence of the results of the tests in favor of the post-tests, which gives a positive indication and a conclusive evidence in the development of the work of these muscles. As for the recommendations, the most important of which is the necessity of using (preventive) muscle strength exercises prepared by the researcher because of their positive and noticeable effect in reducing some Muscle injuries for the research sample
 

The Effect of Flexibility and Agility Exercises to Reduce some Muscle Injuries to the lower limbs of football players

Football is one of the most popular and widespread sports in the world, as it has reached an extent that has not reached other sports, and with the great development in the intensity of sports competitions, this was accompanied by a high incidence of sports injuries, especially in the muscles of the lower extremities, as it constitutes (35%) of the total injuries In football, the best way to reduce these injuries is to use flexibility and agility exercises to reduce them, as these exercises give flexibility and elasticity to the muscles and make the player able to change direction with different playing positions as well as make the muscles able to withstand the effort exerted on them. The thesis aimed to prepare exercises for flexibility and agility to reduce some muscle injuries, and to know the effect of these exercises to reduce some muscle injuries, and to raise the efficiency of muscle groups of the lower extremities of the research sample The researcher assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre-tests and the post-tests in reducing some muscle injuries of the lower extremities, and that they have a positive effect in reducing the injury The researcher used the experimental method in the one-group method for its suitability to the nature of the message, and the research sample was determined on football players for the youth category of Al-Jawiya Club for the sports season (2020/2021), whose number is 23 players, as they were deliberately chosen from the original community by (3) units per week. The duration of the program lasted (6) weeks, as the total number of units was (18) units, and after the completion of the program, post-tests were conducted and appropriate statistical treatments were used to reach the results, after which the results were presented, analyzed and discussed, and the researcher reached conclusions, the most important of which was raising The efficiency of the muscle groups of the lower extremities through the emergence of test results in favor of the post-tests, which gives a positive indication and a conclusive evidence in the development of these muscles. As for the recommendations, the most important of which is the need to use flexibility and agility (preventive) exercises prepared by the researcher because of their positive and noticeable effect in reducing some Muscle injuries for the research sample

The effectiveness of aerobic exercises using rubber bands on some of physical fitness elements for secondary school students

The research contains preparing a sports exercises that not require the use of a large place or expensive tools and equipment, using self-made rubber bands with low resistances and low-cost and inserted into aerobic exercises and study their effect on some elements of fitness of students in the intermediate stage of Latakia school in the sector Abu Ghraib and compare their results of The final test, which were conducted in the form of multiple fitness tests, and the benefits of the exercises on the experimental sample was proven with the final results and their statistical treatments. Finally, a set of recommendations was proposed by the researcher.

Measuring psychological reassurance and variable according to the weight for Weight Lifting. disability Alvezaawiyeh

The research included five chapters, the first chapter contained the definition of the research and included the introduction and the importance of the research, and researchers and scientists have wide interests in studying the relationship between athletic achievement and mental health. This is a recent phenomenon that did not exist before and began to be taken into consideration, which is one of the exciting topics that often It is subject to debate and controversy, and it often requires a review to find measures to measure these pollutants, hence the importance of research in identifying psychological health and its impact on athletes with special needs (physical disability) for the game of weightlifting according to the achievement variable. As for the research problem, it crystallizes in the axis that Players with physical disabilities are at a fluctuating level in mental health and with different differences, which leads to the performance being below the required level and thus negatively affecting the result of the lift, and given the importance of mental health and its impact on the different weights of weightlifting players for the challenged motor disability, this He drew the researcher's attention and prompted him to monitor this variable and measure the level of mental health of weightlifting players to challenge the movement disability of the variable of athletic achievement. Which leads to that the performance is below the required level and therefore this negatively affects the result of the lift, and given the importance of mental health and its impact on the different weights of weightlifting players for the challenge of motor disability, this drew the researchers’ attention and prompted him to monitor this variable and measure the level of mental health among lifters Weights for the challenged motor disability to the variable of athletic achievement. The aim of the research was to identify the differences in mental health according to the variables of academic achievement and weight of weightlifting players for the challenge of physical disability. While the hypothesis of the research is that there are statistically significant differences in mental health between weightlifting players for the challenge of motor disability according to the variable of athletic achievement. What are the areas of research? 1- The human domain: a sample of (Baghdad) governorate club players in weightlifting for the challenger of physical disabilities. Time period: 5/9/2020 until 10/1/2021 3 Spatial domain: the halls of the Paralympic Committee clubs. As for the third chapter, it included the research methodology and procedures, where the researcher used the descriptive approach to suit the research. The research sample included (30) players from the category of weightlifting players for the challenge of motor disabilities, representing four clubs who were randomly selected, with (10) players for light weight (48 -52 kg), (10) players for medium weight (67.5-70 kg) and (10) players for heavy weight (90-100 kg). The mental health scale was distributed to the research sample and then statistical treatments were performed. After correcting the sample answers, the data were analyzed using Variance analysis to reveal the significance of the significant differences between weights. Several conclusions were reached, the most important of which are: There is no difference in the level of mental health between the average scores of the light weight group and the average scores of the medium weight group, and the average scores of the heavy weight group

The effect of intense and distributed exercise in teaching the disease and controlling the compatibility of some body movements in sports walking among young women in Basmaya Sports Academy

This research dealt with the effect of intensive and distributed exercise on teaching to perform and control the compatibility of movements of body parts in athletic walking at the Basmaya Sports Academy for young women. The objective of the research focus on preparing special exercises with both intensive and distributed styles and identifying their effects in teaching , performing and control the compatibility of movements of body parts in athletic walking at the Basmaya Sports Academy For Young Women..The hypotheses included that there were statistically significant differences between the results of the pre and posttests of the two experimental research groups in teaching performance and controlling the motor compatibility of body parts in athletic walking. The research community was determined by the budding of the Basmaya Academy for the academic year 2019-2020, as the sample included (12) players ( female ) who were intentionally chosen from the beginners in teaching performance , controlling and matching the movements of body parts ..After the researcher made sure of the homogeneity of the sample, they were randomly distributed in two equal groups and performed parity in testing and evaluating the performance and kinetic compatibility of body parts in athletic walking. One of the groups represented the experimental group which is its teaching was according to intensive method ,while the other group used distributed method in teaching sport walking movements .The implementation of the main experiment took 5 weeks, with three teaching units per week. After the specified period, the tests and evaluations of the motions under study were re-examined. Statistical treatments were performed using the (spss) program by adopting the two tests (T) for the independent and interrelated samples. Conclusions showed excellence of 2nd group ( with distributed exercise ) and preference over first experimental group ( with intensive exercise ) in terms of teaching and controlling the kinematic compatibility of the movements of the parts of the body walking, and accordingly the recommendations came in the necessities of adopting exercises for the distributed method in teaching young beginners to the movements of athletic walking and controlling their compatibility

The effect of the training curriculum on the speed of the motor response and the performance of some basic handball skills

Introduction to the research and its importance: The researchers touched on the importance of using modern training methods in training, the speed of the motor response and its effectiveness in developing physical capabilities, which in turn are positively reflected in the development of some basic skills that are one of the basics upon which correction skills are based on handball.The research problem: Through watching the researchers and taking the opinions of the coaches and the field experience, it became clear that there is a weakness for some players in terms of (the speed of the kinetic response) and that the kinetic response of the athletes may play a big role in the performance of some of the motor skills as it gives them a great aesthetic.Research objectives: Knowing the level of kinetic response speed of the Al-Jaish Sports Club players with handball, and knowing the level of performance of some basic skills of Al-Jaish Sports Club players with handball.The research hypothesis: There are statistically significant differences between the pre and post tests and in favor of the post tests in the speed of the motor response and the performance of some basic handball skills.Research fields: The human field: Army Club players for the youth age group (17-19 years), time domain: from 12/15/2018 to 4/15/2019, spatial field: closed hall of Wissam Al-Majd Sports Club. This section included a presentation of the results of statistical treatment using a set of tables, and then analyzing and discussing them in an accurate scientific manner and supported by scientific sources. Through this discussion, the goals of the research and verification of the research hypothesis were reached. The conclusion included the conclusions from it (the exercises used within the training curriculum are effective and have a positive effect on the speed of the motor response and the performance of some basic handball skills) and recommendations (emphasizing the importance of the special skill preparation stage and their role in developing the physical and skill level and its reflection in achieving positive results).

The impact of random workout on the skilful performance and on the speed of learning the skills of receiving the serve and court defense in volleyball for beginners

The world, nowadays, is witnessing great development that can't be comprised within the learning systems. This requires teaching methods of styles that enable the learner to master the skills of sports games..Volleyball is considered as one of the group sports game and it is characterized by the variety of its skills and plans. It also has fast rhythm, this can't be done unless there is good learning of its skills. The significance of the study lies in adopting the random workout and recognizing its impact on the skilful performance and the speed of learning the skills of receiving the serve and court defense skill in volleyball for beginners. Throughout the following up of the researchers, it is found that the problem of the study lies in the existence of clear weakness for the playersof the training center of beginners, the branch federation of Diyala province, aging from (15-17) in the two skills of receiving the serve and court defense . The researchers studied the problem in a way that certifies learning the studied skills. The study aims at recognizing the impact of random workout on the skilful performance and the speed of learning the skills of receiving the serve and court defense in volleyball for beginners. In addition to recognizing the priority of of the two groups in the skilful performance and the speed of learning the skills of receiving the serve and court defense in volleyball for beginners .The experimental method of two equal groups ( controlling and experimental) , randomly selected . There are pre and post tests on a sample of (24) beginner player, representing the branch federation of Diyala province, aging from (15-17), for the season of 2017 .Through the statistical treatments, the researchers reached at the most important conclusion , which is the impact of the random workout on the performance and the speed of learning the skills of receiving the serve and court defense in volleyball. The researchers made some recommendations, the most important of which, is the necessity of applying the style of random workout in learning the skills of volleyball.

The contribution of the mental motivation in knowledge achievement of some basic skills in volleyball for the students of the second stage in the college of physical education and sports sciences University of Diyala

The Psychological skills have significant and effective aspect in the sport field because they are complementary to the physical and skilful aspects in team sports games in general and specially in volleyball . Therefore , the study aims at recognizing the percentage of contribution of the mental motivation in knowledge achievement of some basic skills in volleyball for the students of the second stage in the college of physical education and sports sciences University of Diyala.The researchers, through specifying the problem of the study, that there is clear weakness in the psychological aspects. And this affects negatively on the knowledge achievement and learning the basic skills in volleyball. Thus the researchers suggested that through recognizing that aspect, by the mental motivation method, may help the teachers in developing the game.The descriptive method is adopted and implemented on a sample of a randomly selected (20) students from the second stage in the college of physical education and sports sciences. Using the statistical treatments, the researchers come up with many conclusions, the most important of which, is that there is a contribution percentage between the scale of mental motivation and the Knowledge achievement on one side, and the currently studied skills with the percentage of ( 0. 352 ) Here is corporeal correlation between the mental motivation and the serve skill. The researchersmade some recommendations, the most important of which, is that the necessity of typifying the a scale of mental motivation on other team sports games to recognize the percentage of its contribution. Moreover, constructing knowledge achievement test for all the basic skills in volleyball

Sprint resisted swimming training effect on the swimmer’s hand orientation angles

The current study aimed to determine the effect of an 11-week sprint resisted swimming training programme on the swimming performance and the orientation angles of the hand. Fourteen young female swimmers were divided into two equivalent groups and were trained with specific sprint training sets. The experimental group performed these sets using a swimming parachute. For the evaluation of the intervention, before and at the end of the 11 weeks period both groups performed 50 m front crawl with maximal intensity and their underwater motion was recorded using four cameras. Their underwater movements were manually digitised using the Ariel Performance Analysis System and the statistical treatment of the data revealed a significant increase of the mean swimming velocity (3.76 ± 0.04 %) and stroke rate (3.09 ± 0.08 %) only in the experimental group. Moreover, a significant reduction of the total stroke duration (−4.26 ± 0.09 %) and the relative duration of the non-propulsive phases (−12.70 ± 0.23 %) was also observed only in the experimental group. The resultant velocity of the hand, and the pitch and sweepback angles of the hand remained unaffected in both groups during the pull and push phases. However, a significant decrease of the pitch angle (−47.44 ± 3.37 %) during the entry & catch phase was observed only in the experimental group. The increased performance and the higher mean swimming velocity after the current sprint resisted training programme was mainly due to the temporal modifications of the stroke, along with the pitch angle reduction during the entry & catch phase.

Accurate authentication based on ECG using deep learning

Biometric-based authentication methods have been widely used, for example on portable devices (e.g., Android and iOS devices). However, there are several known limitations in existing authentication methods based on biometrics (e.g., those using facial, iris, and fingerprint). For example, in a healthcare context, a user may be physically incapable of completing the authentication due to his/her medical conditions. Hence, as a complementary authentication mechanism, there have been attempts to also utilize electrocardiogram (ECG). In this work, we propose an ECG authentication system that leverages deep learning. Specifically, to achieve generalization ability, complementary ensemble empirical decomposition (CEEMD) is introduced in our design. Moreover, a 1-D Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network (1-D MCNN) is implemented to achieve accurate authentication. To evaluate the usability of our proposed approach, we have performed extensive experiments on eight databases, and the findings show that our proposed approach achieves good performance even on abnormal databases and can be adapted for different application environments. In addition, our adopted data from eight public databases requires theoretical statistical treatment for practical applications in real authentication scenarios.

What can sea-related associations reveal about a coastal region’s maritimity? A case study in southern France

A key component of the environment in coastal territories, the sea also creates special geographical features and grounds social and cultural identities. At a time of rising concern and multiple projects for its exploitation as well as its protection, public policies need to consider the social representation of the marine environment and people’s visions of its future. Relying on the concept of maritimity, defined as all the relationships binding human societies to the sea and the resulting landscape, economy and culture, we assess the maritime character of a coastal region in southern France by analysing the local sea–related associations its population are engaged in. This is made possible through the supervised extraction of the relevant data from the national directory of associations, the official database of non-profit associations in France, which are then given appropriate statistical and cartographic treatments. Results provide an indication of the depth of the region’s maritime character, as well as the areas of activity and places in which maritimity is the most developed. These are consistent with the social and economic profile of the region, highly engaged in tourism and a residential economy. Further work is recommended, with a view to exploring the region’s maritimity more closely by comparing it with other regions and applying finer analysis to the stated objectives of the sea-related associations.

Cooperative Training Program and Member Satisfaction in Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines

Implementing a training program was a practical relief for the government to eradicate the effect of modern economic scale on marginalized business communities like cooperatives. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Cooperative Training Program in Calamba City, providing insights into its impact on micro and small cooperative enterprises. It offered detailed feedback on member satisfaction and program outcomes, which can guide necessary improvements to meet participants' needs better. The research utilized a descriptive design and surveyed 14 CLDD employees and 64 Cooperative members operating in Calamba City through a stratified random sampling technique. Specifically, all regular employees of CLDD and Cooperative members from micro-scaled cooperative enterprises who had received the training program were selected as the research sample. Data were collected using Australian Government Standards for a community-based training program called AQTF Survey Form 2007 based on the Quality Indicator Reporting Requirements (2021) and analyzed through statistical treatments, including the simple mean, four-point Likert scale, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings show that the CLDD training program was fully implemented, with no notable difference in how CLDD employees and cooperative members rated its execution. Cooperative members expressed high satisfaction with the training, and there was a strong link between how well the program was implemented and their satisfaction levels. In line with these results, the research proposed an enhancement program to improve key areas of the current CLDD training program implementation: training resources, trainer quality, potential and service quality, and product enhancement. The goal is to enhance the overall program and increase satisfaction among cooperative members.

Pre-Service Teachers’ Educational Video Mediated Experience vis-a-vis Learning Engagement in the New Normal

Technology-mediated instruction using online instructional materials, particularly educational videos, reinforces teaching-learning. However, students’ engagement becomes an issue in this learning environment. This paper ascertained the relationship between educational video utilization and learning engagement in technology-mediated learning. This study also investigated the perceived impacts of educational video utilization and the extent of respondents’ learning engagement in technology-mediated learning. This study employed a quantitative nonexperimental method through a descriptive correlational research method. The data were obtained from the survey questionnaire administered to 284 students in one University in Bicol Region, Philippines. It was analyzed and interpreted using different statistical treatments such as frequency count, percentage technique, weighted mean, PPMC, and t-test. Findings revealed that educational video utilization impacted the three aspects (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) as perceived by the respondents. There was a large extent of learning engagement of the respondents in three areas: knowledge development, social interaction, and motivation. Furthermore, the result showed a significant correlation between the two variables; hence, it is recommended that language teachers utilize educational videos during the teaching-learning process to increase learning engagement in technology-mediated learning.

Impact of TikTok Application to the Second Language Acquisition of Grade 10 Students

This research explores the Impact of the TikTok Application on Second Language Acquisition among Grade 10 students at the Central Bicol State University of Agriculture – Sipocot Laboratory High School. Employing a descriptive correlation method, the study aimed to discern the perceived impact of TikTok on second language acquisition, assess its utilization concerning grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, and establish a significant relationship between TikTok use and language acquisition. Various statistical treatments were used, i.e., weighted mean and ranking technique and Pearson’s R. The data were collected from 40 Grade 10 students using a researcher-made survey questionnaire and Google Form. The results indicated a consistently high utilization of TikTok across grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation domains, with an overall weighted mean of 3.29, interpreted as ‘always.’ Significantly, the relationship between TikTok usage and its perceived impact on second language acquisition was affirmed (grammar p-value = 0.000 <0.001, vocabulary p-value = 0.000 <0.001, pronunciation p-value = 0.000 <0.001), suggesting a strong correlation. This study concludes that TikTok positively influences language learning in the specified domains, as evidenced by students’ favorable attitudes. Lastly, this study recommends that language teachers utilize the TikTok application as a tool to improve students’ language skills in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

Micro-XRF analysis of silver “Celtic” coins found in Bulgaria

A set of 23 silver Celtic-looking coins were analyzed by micro-XRF in order to obtain data about their chemical composition (purity of silver and trace elements content) in relation of the coin type. The aim was either to confirm or reject the hypothesis about ancient imitation of the so-called “Celtic” coins. The results show that very pure silver (approximately 85-93 % Ag), copper and tin as macro-components (%) with traces of iron, gold, bismuth, chromium, nickel, zinc had been used. Statistical treatment (correlation and cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and factor analysis (FA)) allowed contextualization of the analytical results and permitted to obtain a better knowledge of the used metal alloys and manufacturing procedure of the investigated Celtic-looking coins. Numismatic expertise was also done and the hypothesis about ancient imitation was confirmed on the basis of the expertise and the elemental composition of the coins.

Statistical inference with regularized optimal transport

Abstract Optimal transport (OT) is a versatile framework for comparing probability measures, with many applications to statistics, machine learning and applied mathematics. However, OT distances suffer from computational and statistical scalability issues to high dimensions, which motivated the study of regularized OT methods like slicing, smoothing and entropic penalty. This work establishes a unified framework for deriving limit distributions of empirical regularized OT distances, semiparametric efficiency of the plug-in empirical estimator and bootstrap consistency. We apply the unified framework to provide a comprehensive statistical treatment of (i) average- and max-sliced $p$-Wasserstein distances, for which several gaps in existing literature are closed; (ii) smooth distances with compactly supported kernels, the analysis of which is motivated by computational considerations; and (iii) entropic OT, for which our method generalizes existing limit distribution results and establishes, for the first time, efficiency and bootstrap consistency. While our focus is on these three regularized OT distances as applications, the flexibility of the proposed framework renders it applicable to broad classes of functionals beyond these examples.

MSMEs as Catalysts for Growth: Analyzing their Contribution to Food Tour Development and Local Economic Sustainability

This study used a descriptive correlational approach to determine MSMEs' competitiveness and contributions to food tour development in Iloilo City. The study's respondents were entrepreneurs who managed and/or owned micro, small, and medium-sized businesses in Iloilo City, engaged in the food industry, and were either part of or considered part of the tourist circuit. A modified survey instrument addressed the study's concerns and was the primary data source. A validity score of 4.64 and a reliability Cronbach alpha of 0.980 indicates that the instrument is valid and very reliable. Descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used for statistical treatment. Key findings indicate that food-related MSMEs in Iloilo City are moderately competitive in their capacity to compete, connect, and change. A modest contribution to the growth of food tours through job creation and product offering but a low contribution to total monthly sales. A positive direct relationship was found between business competitiveness and contribution to food tour development. Entrepreneurial age and educational level have been shown to influence how much enterprises contribute to food tour development. The findings of this study may be applied to the growth and management of MSMEs in Iloilo City, making them more competitive agents of food tour development. Any organization that wants to be competitive should strategically form good partnerships to get amazing outcomes. Using positioning and uniqueness to catch visitors' attention, food-related MSMEs may leverage tourists who value food in their travel reasons. Appreciating local food resources and paying close attention to how they are presented and promoted to the public would likely attract tourists and increase tourism earnings.

University’s Vision, Mission, Goals and Objectives: Awareness, Acceptability, and Relevance

This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness, acceptability, relevance, and extent of agreement on the formulation of BISU-Candijay Campus’ vision, mission, goals, and objectives (VMGO) academic year 2022-2023 among students, faculty members, administrative staff, parents, alumni, and other stakeholders and the significant differences of their responses. A researcher-made questionnaire was designed from the VMGO of the university, and the new AACCUP Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) survey instrument. Data were gathered via Google form and were summarized using weighted mean and One-Way ANOVA as the main statistical treatment and Tukey HSD as post hoc analysis coded in the R statistical package. The findings of the study disclosed that the group of respondents were very much aware of the university’s VMGOs because of the different formats and platforms of dissemination to the concerned stakeholders. The university’s VMGO statements were favorable and fulfilled the interests and needs of the university’s stakeholders including external stakeholders for the quality of education. Stakeholders strongly affirmed that the university’s goals are consistent and are aligned with its mission. Further, the results of this study implied that students’ level of awareness, acceptability, and relevance vary significantly with the responses from alumni. It was concluded that BISU-Candijay Campus’ efforts and system in disseminating its vision, mission, goals, and program objectives are very effective in raising the different stakeholders’ awareness. The university’s VMGO was also well-formulated with the participation of concerned representatives in such a way that it was very highly accepted by the students, faculty, administrative staff, parents, alumni, and other stakeholders. It is recommended that BISU-Candijay Campus consider consistently delivering the VMGO for inspirational purposes, aiming to motivate and empower individuals to contribute to the university's success.